Energy in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 282-304
Author(s):  
Rod Crompton ◽  
Ruwadzano Matsika
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imported Oil ◽  
Made In

South Africa’s long dependence on imported oil and domestic coal leaves it ill prepared to navigate the Fourth Industrial Revolution and decarbonization. In 1998, after a long history of state intervention in energy markets, post-apartheid policy set new market-orientated reform goals. Following a promising start, the pendulum swung back towards state intervention. In 2018 a combination of factors, including an electricity supply crisis, brought about indications of a return to market reforms, albeit an attenuated version thereof, particularly in power generation. Petroleum markets have been stuck in impasses associated with old-style regulation and social policies entangled in price regulation. Mismanagement and corruption have taken a toll as has private investor insistence on financial support. Good progress has been made in electrification, electricity subsidies for the poor, gas infrastructure, and renewable power capacity auctions. Technological innovation in renewable power offers reduced economies of scale and much promise for energy markets.

scholarly journals Contributions of muslim scientists to the 4th industrial revolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendro Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Business Education ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Golden Age ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The preprint is a presentation about the contributions of Muslim scientists to technology enabling the fourth industrial revolution. First, the presentation illustrates the industrial revolutions and their enabling technologies, and then it focuses on the industry 4.0 technologies by highlighting the history of artificial intelligence. It continues with the flashback of the contributions of scientists from the Islamic Golden Age to technologies used in industry 4.0, such as mechanics, automation, robotics, and IT. The presentation presents the works of Banu Musa, Al-Jazari, and Al-Khawarizm. Then, the presentation gives an overview of the implications of industry 4.0 on business, education, entrepreneurship, and leadership. Finally, the presentation presents the challenges and opportunity of current Muslim scientists and communities in facing the industry 4.0 era.

scholarly journals INNOVATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE AND METHODOLOGY OF CALCULATION OF THE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Denis A. Strokatov
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
Competitiveness Index ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report ◽  
Made In

In October 2018 an updated Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) 4.0 was introduced in the Global Competitiveness Report2018. Inthe article identify the main differences in the structure and methodology of calculating GCI in the editions of the Global Competitiveness Report 2017–2018 and the Global Competitiveness Report2018. Areview of a number of sources showed that researchers don’t pay enough attention to innovations in the structure and methodology of calculating GCI 4.0. As a result of analyzing the structure and methodology of calculating GCI 4.0, it was revealed that a number of adjustments were made in the Index aimed at marking the importance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, equalization the conditions when calculating the Index for countries at different stages of development, and taking into account current tendencies of the world economy. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that these innovations have reduced the high degree of subjectivity of the GCI, eliminated a number of difficulties in independent determining the value of the Index and increased the transparency of the calculations.

scholarly journals HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS’ NEED TO INITIATE CHANGE TO THE ACCOUNTING CURRICULUM DURING THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (4IR)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Peens ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree

In South Africa, the Further Education and Training phase (FET) in Accounting faces a major decline in learner numbers. The current format of FET Accounting serves little purpose in preparing learners for Accounting courses at tertiary level, if FET Accounting is not a precondition to Professional and Chartered Accountant courses. This study followed a qualitative research approach, from five Focus Groups at five Secondary schools in the Motheo Educational district, comprising of 16 FET Accounting Teachers to consider possible reasons for the decline of learners in FET Accounting. As result, uncertainty exists regarding the future of FET Accounting and the Accounting profession, when guidance teachers are presumably advising learners to take less suitable subjects, like Mathematical Literacy, History of Geography to enhance school reports. These findings influence the social responsibility of teachers; and it also results in many Accounting students having to spend two or more additional years at university due to their apparent lack of basic Accounting skills. Additionally, the negative perception towards FET Accounting might impact learners’ choices who might not plan a career in Accounting, thereby limiting their ability to secure any career in the financial sector. Collaborative social change is required from the Accounting profession and university alike, especially in the Fourth Industrial Revolution era, where a high degree of ethics and transparency are required.

scholarly journals The digital economy and society: a preliminary commentary

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gluckman
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Virtually all technologies that humans have invented or will invent present both benefits and risks. The history of humankind is that of invention, development and exploitation of technologies while managing their downsides. However, it is the speed, scope and pervasiveness of digital technological change across virtually every aspect of human endeavour that generate an enormous array of possible implications. Such characteristics undoubtedly set the digital revolution (sometimes called the fourth industrial revolution) apart from past technological revolutions in the way they challenge aspects of human behaviour and social institutions.

Shortcut to the Fourth Industrial Revolution: The case of Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-334
Author(s):  
Gabriela Celani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Ideal

In the fields of architecture and urban design, there has always been a delay in the impact of industrial revolution technologies, and in the case of less industrialised countries, the delay has been even bigger. This article starts with a review of the history of computer-aided architectural design in Brazil and then describes the state of the field in some Latin American countries. Finally, we discuss the ‘ideal computer curriculum’ for architects in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

scholarly journals Engineering education at the age of digital transformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okyay Kaynak
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
History Of Engineering ◽  
Cross Fertilization

<p>During the last two decades, profound technological</p><p>changes have taken place around us, supported by disruptive</p><p>advances, both on software and hardware sides. An amalgamation</p><p>of information, communication and AI is taking place, as well as</p><p>the cross-fertilization of a wide range of concepts, referred to as</p><p>the digital transformation. As a result of convergence</p><p>phenomenon, the boundaries between different disciplines are</p><p>eroding, necessitating a thorough discussion on what the</p><p>engineering education should be like in the future. In this paper,</p><p>after presenting a brief history of engineering education, the</p><p>recent paradigm changes are discussed, which essentially stress</p><p>that skills must prevail over degrees to deal with challenges posed</p><p>by the megatrends of the fourth industrial revolution.</p>

scholarly journals THE STRATEGIC COMPETITIVENESS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MINING INDUSTRY IN THE AGE OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Steven Zulu ◽  
Tinus Pretorius ◽  
Elma van der Lingen
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
The South ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Innovation Strategies

The South African mining industry has a history of a range of major challenges, including high operating costs that have had a negative impact on mines’ profitability and financial sustainability. The advent of Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies has opened up new opportunities for the mining industry, among other things, to improve its cost-effectiveness and future competitiveness. Most South African mining companies have begun to adopt Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies; however, quite a large number of their projects have not been successful. The main objective of the paper is to conduct an integrative literature review to determine why some of the companies in the minerals, mining, and processing industry have not been successful in implementing Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies. The findings of the study outline areas of organisational and technological capability on which the industry could focus when developing future innovation strategies.

scholarly journals Transformation of Visual Communications during the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Maria Igorevna Korzina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Communication ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Visual Communications ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Transformation Processes

The paper provides a philosophical analysis of the transformation processes of visual communications in the framework of such a hypothetical phenome-non as the fourth industrial revolution. In the condi-tions of the digital revolution, visual communication gets an incentive to develop, acquires new proper-ties in the new conditions of development of post-industrial and digital society. As a scientific disci-pline, visual communication is at the stage of full-scale development and search for interdisciplinary connections. The author examines the history of visual communications from the Ancient world to the present, identifies their main features at the pre-sent stage of development, and analyzes the exam-ple of virtualization of a Museum exhibition because of modern transformation of the communication environment.

scholarly journals THE PARADIGM OF EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B LIGA ◽  
◽  
I.A SHCHETKINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Culture Centered

The goal is to substantiate the possibility of using the culture-centered paradigm of education as the basis for the development of education in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, which forms a person with a technocratic mindset, aimed at forming a person not only as a carrier of knowledge, but also as a carrier of values and traditions. Methods. The structural and functional approach was used as the methodological basis of the research, which made it possible to identify the main trends in the development of modern civilization, which actualize the need to form a culture-centered paradigm of education. The use of structural-functional and systemic approaches made it possible to identify the dialectical relationship between education, economy and quality of life. Results. The fourth industrial revolution, based on the digital economy, actualizes the problem of forming a new person. One of the mechanisms for solving this problem is education, the main development trends of which must meet the realities of our time. The main task of education is to prepare a person with creative thinking who has innovative professional competencies - the competencies of the XXI century. In connection with the above-mentioned modern trends, it is necessary to raise the question of the paradigm of education development. Each epoch in the history of mankind creates its own paradigms for the development of education. However, it should be borne in mind that different educational paradigms may exist in the same era, replacing each other. Conclusions. The analysis of existing paradigms allows the authors to prove that the basis of education in the era of the fourth industrial revolution should be a culture-centered paradigm as a reflection of various aspects of human life, which implements its content and functions in the "values-positions-knowledge-skills" scheme.

scholarly journals Public Administration Science in the Development of Digital Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Gde Brahmantya Murti
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
State Administration ◽  
History Of

The rapid development of digital technology is considered the fourth industrial revolution causing various changes, especially in the science of state administration. By using a qualitative approach, this paper explains how the direction of the development of state administration in Indonesia is currently in the flow of technological change and what challenges it faces. Seeing from the history of the paradigm shift that occurred in the science of state administration, the focus and locus of this science is very important because it can affect the perspective of the development of the science of state administration. The rapid development of technology is feared to be able to shift the central role of humans. For this reason, scientists are required to be able to contextualize the science of state administration and at the same time utilize digital technology to answer the public interest  

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