Histological study of an experimentally constructed decellularized rat lung as a model of whole organ three-dimensional natural scaffold

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marium Romany Abdelsayed ◽  
Suzi Sobhy Atalla ◽  
Gehan Khalaf Megahed ◽  
Asmaa Abd El-Monem Abo Zeid
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
End Stage

Abstract Introduction With the increase of end stage lung diseases and the great problems facing lung transplantation tissue engineering become a promising solution. The first step in lung engineering is to obtain a 3D Extracellular matrix lung scaffold via decellularization. Decellularization aims to remove cells from tissue ultrastructure while preserving the mechanical and biological properties of the tissue. Intact ECM provides critical cues for differentiation and migration of cells that are seeded onto the organ scaffold. Objectives This study aimed to obtain an intact and well-preserved ECM lung scaffold by decellularization of rat lungs. Methods Decellularization of lungs of ten Wistar rats was achieved by perfusing detergents through the pulmonary artery. The resultant scaffolds were fixed and analyzed histologically. Results It was found that the decellularization process effectively removed the cellular and nuclear material while retaining native the 3D ECM of lung tissue. The architecture of the collagen and elastic fibers networks were preserved as comparable to the native lungs. Furthermore, the basement membranes of the bronchiolar and interalveolar septa were intact. Conclusions This methodology is expected to allow decellularization of human lung tissues and permits future scientific exploration in tissue engineering.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Rat Lung Decellularization by Chemical Detergents for Lung Tissue Engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Tebyanian ◽  
Ali Karami ◽  
Ebrahim Motavallian ◽  
Jafar Aslani ◽  
Ali Samadikuchaksaraei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Detergent Concentration ◽  
Lung Tissue Engineering ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Triton X

BACKGROUND: Lung disease is the most common cause of death in the world. The last stage of pulmonary diseases is lung transplantation. Limitation and shortage of donor organs cause to appear tissue engineering field. Decellularization is a hope for producing intact ECM in the development of engineered organs.AIM: The goal of the decellularization process is to remove cellular and nuclear material while retaining lung three-dimensional and molecular proteins. Different concentration of detergents was used for finding the best approach in lung decellularization.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, three-time approaches (24, 48 and 96 h) with four detergents (CHAPS, SDS, SDC and Triton X-100) were used for decellularizing rat lungs for maintaining of three-dimensional lung architecture and ECM protein composition which have significant roles in differentiation and migration of stem cells This comparative study determined that variable decellularization approaches can cause significantly different effects on decellularized lungs.RESULTS: Results showed that destruction was increased with increasing the detergent concentration. Single detergent showed a significant reduction in maintaining of three-dimensional of lung and ECM proteins (Collagen and Elastin). But, the best methods were mixed detergents of SDC and CHAPS in low concentration in 48 and 96 h decellularization.CONCLUSION: Decellularized lung tissue can be used in the laboratory to study various aspects of pulmonary biology and physiology and also, these results can be used in the continued improvement of engineered lung tissue.

scholarly journals Polymeric Biomaterials for the Treatment of Cardiac Post-Infarction Injuries

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Sonia Trombino ◽  
Federica Curcio ◽  
Roberta Cassano ◽  
Manuela Curcio ◽  
Giuseppe Cirillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Polymeric Biomaterials

Cardiac regeneration aims to reconstruct the heart contractile mass, preventing the organ from a progressive functional deterioration, by delivering pro-regenerative cells, drugs, or growth factors to the site of injury. In recent years, scientific research focused the attention on tissue engineering for the regeneration of cardiac infarct tissue, and biomaterials able to anatomically and physiologically adapt to the heart muscle have been proposed as valuable tools for this purpose, providing the cells with the stimuli necessary to initiate a complete regenerative process. An ideal biomaterial for cardiac tissue regeneration should have a positive influence on the biomechanical, biochemical, and biological properties of tissues and cells; perfectly reflect the morphology and functionality of the native myocardium; and be mechanically stable, with a suitable thickness. Among others, engineered hydrogels, three-dimensional polymeric systems made from synthetic and natural biomaterials, have attracted much interest for cardiac post-infarction therapy. In addition, biocompatible nanosystems, and polymeric nanoparticles in particular, have been explored in preclinical studies as drug delivery and tissue engineering platforms for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review focused on the most employed natural and synthetic biomaterials in cardiac regeneration, paying particular attention to the contribution of Italian research groups in this field, the fabrication techniques, and the current status of the clinical trials.

scholarly journals Computer modelling and simulation of a novel printing head for complex tissue engineering constructs

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 01045
Author(s):  
Gokhan Ates
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Graded Structures

In tissue engineering, three-dimensional functional scaffolds with tailored biological properties are needed to be able to mimic the hierarchical structure of biological tissues. Recent developments in additive biomanufacturing allow to extrude multiple materials enabling the fabrication of more sophisticated tissue constructs. These multi-material biomanufacturing systems comprise multiple printing heads through which individual materials are sequentially printed. Nevertheless, as more printing heads are added the fabrication process significantly decreases, since it requires mechanical switching among the physically separated printheads to enable printing multiple materials. In addition, this approach is not able to create biomimetic tissue constructs with property gradients. To address these limitations, this paper presents a novel static mixing extrusion printing head to enable the fabrication of multi-material, functionally graded structures using a single nozzle. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to numerically analyze the influence of Reynolds number on the flow pattern of biomaterials and mixing efficiency considering different miscible materials.

Modification of Thai Silk Fibroin Scaffolds by Gelatin Conjugation for Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chamchongkaset ◽  
Sorada Kanokpanont ◽  
David L. Kaplan ◽  
Siriporn Damrongsakkul
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Salt Crystals

Silk has been used commercially as biomedical sutures for decades. Recently silk fibroin, especially from Bombyx mori silkworm, has been explored for many tissue engineering applications such as bone and cartilage due to its impressive biological compatibility and mechanical properties. In Thailand, Thai native silkworms have been long cultivated. Distinct characteristics of cocoon Thai silk are its yellow color and coarse filament. There is more sericin in Thai silk than in other Bombyx mori silks. These characteristics provide Thai silk a unique texture for textile industry. It is therefore the aim of this study to develop three-dimensional silk fibroin-based scaffolds from Thai yellow cocoon “Nangnoi-Srisaket” of Bombyx mori silkworms using salt-leaching method. To enhance the biological properties, type A gelatin, the denature form of collagen having good biocompactibility, was used to conjugate with silk fibroin scaffolds. The pore size of salt-leached silk fibroin scaffold structure represented the size of salt crystals used (600-710µm). After gelatin conjugation, gelatin was partly formed fibers inside the pores of silk fibroin scaffolds resulting in fiber-like structure with highly interconnection. Gelatin conjugation enhanced the compressive modulus of silk fibroin scaffolds by 93%. The results on in vitro culture using mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) showed that gelatin conjugation could promote the cell proliferation in silk fibroin scaffolds. Moreover, the observed morphology of cells proliferated inside the scaffold after 14 days of culture showed the larger spreading area of cells on conjugated gelatin/silk fibroin scaffolds, compared to round-shaped cells on silk fibroin scaffolds. The results implied that Thai silk fibroin looked promising to be applied in tissue engineering and gelatin conjugation on Thai silk fibroin scaffolds could enhance the biological properties of scaffolds.

Porous and strong three-dimensional carbon nanotube coated ceramic scaffolds for tissue engineering

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (42) ◽  
pp. 8337-8347 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Newman ◽  
Z. Lu ◽  
S. I. Roohani-Esfahani ◽  
T. L. Church ◽  
M. Biro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
High Quality

A method to coat high-quality uniform coatings of carbon nanotubes throughout 3D porous structures is developed. Testing of their physical and biological properties demonstrate their potential for application in tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Micropatterning Decellularized ECM as a Bioactive Surface to Guide Cell Alignment, Proliferation, and Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Cady ◽  
Jacob A. Orkwis ◽  
Rachel Weaver ◽  
Lia Conlin ◽  
Nicolas N. Madigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Cell Alignment ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
And Migration ◽  
High Degree

Bioactive surfaces and materials have displayed great potential in a variety of tissue engineering applications but often struggle to completely emulate complex bodily systems. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial, bioactive component in all tissues and has recently been identified as a potential solution to be utilized in combination with biomaterials. In tissue engineering, the ECM can be utilized in a variety of applications by employing the biochemical and biomechanical cues that are crucial to regenerative processes. However, viable solutions for maintaining the dimensionality, spatial orientation, and protein composition of a naturally cell-secreted ECM remain challenging in tissue engineering. Therefore, this work used soft lithography to create micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates of a three-dimensional nature to control cell adhesion and alignment. Cells aligned on the micropatterned PDMS, secreted and assembled an ECM, and were decellularized to produce an aligned matrix biomaterial. The cells seeded onto the decellularized, patterned ECM showed a high degree of alignment and migration along the patterns compared to controls. This work begins to lay the groundwork for elucidating the immense potential of a natural, cell-secreted ECM for directing cell function and offers further guidance for the incorporation of natural, bioactive components for emerging tissue engineering technologies.

scholarly journals Dispensing-Based Bioprinting of Hybrid Scaffolds with Vessel-like Channels for Tissue Engineering Applications – A Brief Review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Naghieh ◽  
Md Sarker ◽  
Mohammad Izadifar ◽  
Xiongbiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Hybrid Scaffolds

Over the past two decades, significant progress has been achieved in the field of tissue engineering (TE) to restore/repair damaged tissues or organs and, in this regard, scaffolds made from biomaterials have played a critical role. Notably, recent advances in biomaterials and three-dimensional (3D) printing have enabled the manipulation of two or more biomaterials of distinct, yet complementary, mechanical and/or biological properties to form so-called hybrid scaffolds mimicking native tissues. Among various biomaterials, hydrogels synthesized to incorporate living cells and/or biological molecules have dominated due to their hydrated tissue-like environment. Moreover, dispensing-based bioprinting has evolved to the point that it can now be used to create hybrid scaffolds with complex structures. However, the complexities associated with multi-material bioprinting and synthesis of hydrogels used for hybrid scaffolds pose many challenges for their fabrication. This paper presents a brief review of dispensing-based bioprinting of hybrid scaffolds for TE applications. The focus is on the design and fabrication of hybrid scaffolds, including imaging techniques, potential biomaterials, physical architecture, mechanical properties, cell viability, and the importance of vessel-like channels. The key issues and challenges for dispensing-based bioprinting of hybrid scaffolds are also identified and discussed along with recommendations for future research directions. Addressing these issues will significantly enhance the design and fabrication of hybrid scaffolds to and pave the way for translating them into clinical applications.

Nanofibrillar Cellulose as an Enzymatically and Flow Driven Degradable Scaffold for Three-Dimensional Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Krüger ◽  
Bart Spee ◽  
Andreas Walther ◽  
Laura De Laporte ◽  
Linda M. Kock
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shear Thinning ◽  
Scaffold Material ◽  
Nanofibrillar Cellulose ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Fibroblast Spheroids ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Tissue Production

Abstract Nanofibrillar cellulose as a naturally biocompatible scaffold material is very promising for tissue engineering. It is shear thinning but has the downside of not being degradable in animals, it can only be degraded by cellulase enzymes. In this study, a newly developed bioreactor was used to culture fibroblast spheroids under flow conditions inside nanocellulose hydrogels with and without the presence of cellulase. The aim was to control the tissue size and ideally find a match between degradation and tissue formation within this promising material. Both the concentration of cellulase and the flow rate were varied and their influence on the activity and growth of fibroblast clusters was assessed. Cluster diameters, degradation, metabolic activity, and tissue production increase with higher cellulase concentration, although concentrations above 1 g/l does not have an additional benefit. Flow leads to more viable cells, more proliferation and migration, leading to overall larger tissue constructs compared to static conditions. This is most likely due to the shear thinning effect of flow on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in addition to the increased nutrient supply through perfusion. At a constant cellulase concentration of 1 g/l, a flow of 2 ml/min proved to be optimal for tissue production. Therefore, degradation in combination with flow leads to more effective tissue production in CNF hydrogels, which is a very potent scaffold material for tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Chemically-Modified and Hybrid Carrageenan-Based Platforms for Drug Delivery, Wound Healing, and Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1744
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Mokhtari ◽  
Shima Tavakoli ◽  
Fereshteh Safarpour ◽  
Mahshid Kharaziha ◽  
Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Crosslinking Process ◽  
Recent Advances

Recently, many studies have focused on carrageenan-based hydrogels for biomedical applications thanks to their intrinsic properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, resembling native glycosaminoglycans, antioxidants, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and anticoagulant properties. They can easily change to three-dimensional hydrogels using a simple ionic crosslinking process. However, there are some limitations, including the uncontrollable exchange of ions and the formation of a brittle hydrogel, which can be overcome via simple chemical modifications of polymer networks to form chemically crosslinked hydrogels with significant mechanical properties and a controlled degradation rate. Additionally, the incorporation of various types of nanoparticles and polymer networks into carrageenan hydrogels has resulted in the formation of hybrid platforms with significant mechanical, chemical and biological properties, making them suitable biomaterials for drug delivery (DD), tissue engineering (TE), and wound healing applications. Herein, we aim to overview the recent advances in various chemical modification approaches and hybrid carrageenan-based platforms for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.

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