scholarly journals Snakebite frequencies and envenomation case management in primary health centers of the Bobo-Dioulasso health district (Burkina Faso) from 2014 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabila Bamogo ◽  
Massamba Thiam ◽  
Achille Sindimbasba Nikièma ◽  
Fabrice Anyirekun Somé ◽  
Youssouph Mané ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Registry System ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso

Abstract Background Snakebite envenomation is a significant public health problem in Burkina Faso. Our study describes the epidemiological and therapeutic aspects of snakebite cases at primary health centers in Houet Province, which is located in the western area of Burkina Faso. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 664 snakebite cases occurring at 10 primary health centers in Houet Province from January 2014 to December 2018. Data were collected from the patient consultation recording database registry system. Results Affected individuals had a male/female ratio of 1.31. The lowest annual incidences (0.02 [95% CI –0.01 to 0.05] and 0.24 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.43]) were observed in the urban primary health centers of Bolomakoté and Sarfalao, respectively. Rural primary health centers in Nasso in 2016 and in Soumousso in 2014 had the highest annual incidence (13.80 [95% CI 7.59 to 20.00] and 3.92 [95% CI 2.99 to 4.86], respectively). Of the 664 registered snakebite victims, none received antivenom immunotherapy treatment. Conclusion Our study shows that snakebite envenomation incidents are common at the 10 primary health centers in Houet Province. Furthermore, despite the lack of antivenom and often inadequate treatment at these primary health centers, they remain the first point of care for snakebite victims.

scholarly journals Study of clinico-epidemiological profile of leprosy patients at tertiary care centre of South Gujarat region

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Kautuk K. Patel ◽  
Anjum M. Momin ◽  
Ankita A. Mistry ◽  
Jignesh B. Vaishnani
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Leprosy is a chronic feared illness causes by <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em>. It was eliminated as a public health problem in India in 2005. But still, India contributes more than 60% of all new cases of leprosy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective analysis of 307 patients attending the leprosy clinic of the dermatology out patient department, SMIMER, was done for a period of five years from January 2014 to December 2018. The data was analysed for clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 307 patients visited the leprosy clinic during the study period. More than half patients (60.3%) were between 21-40 years age group. There were 213 males and 94 females with male female ratio of 2.3:1. 72.3% (222) patients were suffering from multibacillary leprosy and 27.7% (85) had paucibacillary disease. Borderline tuberculoid leprosy was the most common type found in 83 patients (27.1%). 16 cases (5.2%) of childhood leprosy (less than 14 years of age) were noted. A total of 214 patients (69.7%) were migrants.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Despite of decline at global and national level, leprosy cases show gradual increase. The high proportion of total cases, MB cases, and grade 2 disability cases are warning signs. Continued efforts are required to manage and prevent the disease.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

Interventions to improve the use of long‐acting reversible contraceptive methods at primary health centers in Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-355
Author(s):  
Sibraogo Kiemtoré ◽  
Zakaria Zoungrana ◽  
Hyacinthe Zamané ◽  
Charles W.P.D. Kaboré ◽  
Ali Ouédraogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus Infections among Patients with Acute Febrile Jaundice in Burkina Faso

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Chloé Dimeglio ◽  
Dramane Kania ◽  
Judith Mbombi Mantono ◽  
Thérèse Kagoné ◽  
Sylvie Zida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health

Hepatitis E virus infection is a significant public health problem in many parts of the world including Africa. We tested serum samples from 900 patients in Burkina Faso presenting with febrile icterus. They all tested negative for yellow fever, but those from 23/900 (2.6%) patients contained markers of acute HEV infection (anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA positive). Genotyping indicated that 14 of the strains were HEV genotype 2b. There was an overall HEV IgG seroprevalence of 18.2% (164/900). In a bivariate analysis, the factors linked to HEV exposure were climate and patient age. Older patients and those living in arid regions were more likely to have HEV infection. HEV genotype 2b circulating only in humans can be involved in some acute febrile icterus cases in Burkina Faso. Better access to safe water, sanitation, and improved personal hygiene should improve control of HEV infection in this country.

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological study of leprosy from a North Indian tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Mohammad Adil ◽  
Syed Suhail Amin ◽  
Mohd Mohtashim ◽  
Sabha Mushtaq ◽  
Mehtab Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
One Year ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Leprosy was eliminated as a public health problem in India in 2005. Yet, more than 60% of all new cases of leprosy are reported from India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective analysis of the records of patients attending the leprosy clinic of the Dermatology Out Patient Department was done for a period of one year from May 2017 to April 2018. The data was analysed for clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 225 patients visited the leprosy clinic during the study period. Almost half of all patients (47.1%) were aged between 21-40 years. Among the patients were 32 children (14.2%) below 16 years. There were 60 patients (26.6%) suffering from paucibacillary disease and 158 patients (70.2%) had multibacillary disease. Seven patients (3.2%) presented with other forms of leprosy like historic leprosy and pure neuritic leprosy. Borderline lepromatous leprosy was found to be the commonest subtype seen in 86 patients (38.2%). There were 152 males (67.6%) and 73 females (32.4%). The male female ratio was 2.08:1. A total of 118 patients (52.4%) were from rural background and 107 (47.6%) hailed from urban areas. Multibacillary disease was seen in 83.6% of the total females compared to 63.8% of males.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Leprosy may be down but is not yet out. The high proportion of children diagnosed with leprosy is a warning regarding the active transmission of the disease in the community. Continued efforts are required to prevent the disease from making a resurgence.</p>

scholarly journals A study on prescription analysis of referral dog bite cases to anti rabies clinic of M.K.C.G. Medical College, Berhampur, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Tapas Ranjan Behera ◽  
Gurukrushna Mohapatra ◽  
Biswabara Rout
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Primary Health

Dog bites in human are a serious public health problem and have been well documented worldwide. As rabies is not a notifiable disease in India and most deaths occur in rural areas where surveillance is poor. The objective of this study to assess the drug prescription patterns of referral cases of dog bite attending in the anti-rabies clinic (ARC) of Department of Community Medicine at MKCG Medical College. For this particular study 606 prescriptions were collected over a six months period. Suspected referred dog bite cases to ARC and willing to participate in the study were included as study subjects. Prescriptions Patients’ identity (name, age, sex) and date of prescription were present in all cases, address was written correctly in only 30% cases. 88% of the prescriptions were legible. Majority prescriptions (44%) were referred from of primary health centers and community health centers. Nearly one third of referred patients had not received anti rabies vaccine. Only 5% cases were administered with rabies immune globulin and about 30% had taken oral antibiotics which were referred from PHCs/CHCs. Specific treatment to dog bite (i.e. use of vaccine & RIG) was lacking in the prescription whereas Co-prescription of other drugs (i.e. antibiotics, pain killers, vitamins) were mentioned in the prescription. Regular prescription auditing with training of Medical Officers on essential drug availability should be undertaken by the Govt. of Odisha in order to give rationality to all prescriptions.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 51-54

scholarly journals Use of WATCH antibiotics prior to presentation to the hospital in rural Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel VALIA ◽  
Brecht Ingelbeen ◽  
Bérenger Kaboré ◽  
Ibrahima Karama ◽  
Marjan Peeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background In low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing. To control AMR, WHO recommends monitoring antibiotic use, in particular Watch antibiotics. These are critically important antibiotics, with restricted use because at risk of becoming ineffective due to increasing AMR. We investigated pre-hospital antibiotic use in rural Burkina Faso. Methods During 2016-2017, we collected data from patients aged >3 months presenting with severe acute fever to the rural hospital of Nanoro Health District, Burkina Faso, including antibiotic use in the two weeks prior to consultation or hospitalization. We analysed reported antibiotic use with the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification. Results Of 920 febrile participants (63.0% ≤14 years), pre-hospital antibiotic use was reported by 363 (39.5%). Among these 363, microbiological diagnoses were confirmed for 275 (75.8%) patients, of which 162 (58.9%) were non-bacterial infections. Use of more than one antibiotic was reported by 58/363 (16.0%) participants. Of 491 patients who did not previously visit a primary health center, 131 (26.7%) reported antibiotic use. Of 424 antibiotics reported, 263 (62.0%) were Access and 159 (37.5%) Watch antibiotics. Watch antibiotic use was more frequent among patients >14 year olds (51.1%) compared to those 0-14 year old (30.7%) and among referrals from the primary health centers (42.2%) compared to self-referred patients (28.1%). Most frequently reported Watch antibiotics were ceftriaxone (114, 71.7%) and ciprofloxacin (32, 20.1%). Conclusion The reported frequent use of Watch group antibiotics among febrile patients prior to presentation to the hospital in rural Burkina Faso highlights the need to develop targeted interventions to improve antibiotic use in community settings as part of strengthening antibiotic stewardship in low- and middle-income countries. This should include facilitating referral, access to qualified prescribers and diagnostic tools in rural primary health centers. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02669823. Registration date was February 1, 2016

Prevalence and Determinants of Smoking among the College Students in Selected District of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽  
Shamsun Nahar ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Syed Md Akram Hussain ◽  
Mahbub Zaki
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean

Cigarette smoking is an intractable public health problem that poses threat to the health of the entire population. Smoking is considered as the single largest risk factor for a variety of malignancies, including lung cancer. The prevalence of smoking is gradually increasing among the students in Bangladesh. Considering this view, this cross sectional study was conducted in a selected higher secondary college of Moulvibazar district under Sylhet division. The objectives of the study were to determine the proportion of current smokers and its determinants among the college students. A total of 719 students were interviewed using self administered questionnaire. The mean age (SD) of the students was 17.1 (SD 1.5) years ranging from 15 to 22 years. Majority of the respondents were male (57.4%) and 42.6% were female with male-female ratio of 1.3:1. Out of 719 students, 22% were current smokers and the rest 78% were non smokers. Half of the students reportedly mentioned that they started smoking due to peer pressure followed by curiosity (34%), to avoid anxiety and tension (28%), feeling of maturity (14%, symbol of manliness (9%) etc. The most frequent form of smoking was cigarette (56%) followed by Bidi (37%), Hukkah (6%) and 2% hand made cigarette. The mean age of starting smoking was 13(SD 2.9) years ranging from 9 to 20 years. More than one third (35%) of the student's father were smokers, whereas 11.5% of their brothers were smokers. Logistic analysis revealed that only age, sex and educational attainment appeared to be important predictors of smoking (p<0.001). This indicates that the smoking was 4.26 times high among male students than their female counterparts. It was 2.1 times higher among the students aged 18 years and above than below 18 years. It was also 2 times higher among students of twelve grades than eleven grades. The smoking among the young population as a whole and also among female students is alarming. This should be addressed properly to create awareness among them and proper measures should be taken to prevent smoking among young population. Key words: Smoking, Higher secondary school, Bangladesh   DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v38i1.3579 Bangladesh Medical Journal 38(1) 2009 3-8

scholarly journals Post-neonatal tetanus in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, North-eastern Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
MA Alhaji ◽  
RT Akuhwa ◽  
MG Mustapha ◽  
GM Ashir ◽  
Y Mava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Portal Of Entry ◽  
Primary And Secondary School

Background: Tetanus is a public health problem in Nigeria. This study examines the demographic and clinical profile of postneonatal tetanus (PNT) seen in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), North- eastern Nigeria.Methods: This is a hospital-based prospective study of PNT. All childrenbeyond the neonatal period to 14 years of age admitted into the Paediatrics unit of UMTH, Maiduguri from June 2009 to July2011 with the diagnosis of PNT were studied.Results: A total of 39 cases of PNT were admitted over the period underreview. The male: female ratio was 2.3:1.0. Their ages at presentationranged between 16 months and 14 years, with mean +SD of 6.9+3.87 years. Over 90 percent of the children were either not immunizedagainst tetanus or their immunization status was unknown and onlytwo of the children were fully immunized. No booster immunizationwas received by any of the eligible children. The portal of entry of the infection was injury to the lower limbs and otogenic route in 53.9% and 33.3% respectively. Majority of patients were of low socioeconomicstatus. The duration of hospital stay ranged between 1-50 days with mean + SD (18.68+ 11.51).The mortality rate was (7)18 %.Conclusion: Tetanus still remains a major cause of childhood morbidityand mortality in Nigeria. Severe disease and the first one week of admission are the main variables identified to influence outcome.Therefore, there is need to strengthen routine immunization and booster doses of tetanus toxoid (TT) should be mandatory at primary and secondary school entry. Close monitoring of patients with severe tetanus during the critical period is imperative for successful management.

Suicide in Nógrád County, Hungary, 1970-1994

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Zonda
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Suicidal Intention ◽  
Male Female Ratio

The author examined completed suicides occurring over a period of 25 years in a county of Hungary with a traditionally low (relatively speaking) suicide rate of 25.8. The rates are clearly higher in villages than in the towns. The male/female ratio was close to 4:1, among elderly though only 1.5:1. The high risk groups are the elderly, divorced, and widowed. Violent methods are chosen in 66.4% of the cases. The rates are particularly high in the period April-July. Prior communication of suicidal intention was revealed in 16.3% of all cases. Previous attempts had been undertaken by 17%, which in turn means that 83% of suicides were first attempts. In our material 10% the victims left suicide notes. Psychiatric disorders were present in 60.1% of the cases, and severe, multiple somatic illnesses (including malignomas) were present in 8.8%. The majority of the data resemble those found in the literature.

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