scholarly journals BDSF Is the Predominant In-Planta Quorum-Sensing Signal Used During Xanthomonas campestris Infection and Pathogenesis in Chinese Cabbage

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelgader Abdeen Diab ◽  
Xue-Qiang Cao ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Kai Song ◽  
Lian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Diverse Plant

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris uses the diffusible signal factor (DSF) family of quorum-sensing (QS) signals to coordinate virulence and adaptation. DSF family signals have been well-characterized using laboratory-based cell cultures. The in-planta QS signal used during X. campestris pv. campestris infection remains unclear. To achieve this goal, we first mimic in-planta X. campestris pv. campestris growth conditions by supplementing the previously developed XYS medium with cabbage hydrolysate and found that the dominant signal produced in these conditions was BDSF. Secondly, by using XYS medium supplemented with diverse plant-derived compounds, we examined the effects of diverse plant-derived compounds on the biosynthesis of DSF family signals. Several compounds were found to promote biosynthesis of BDSF. Finally, using an X. campestris pv. campestris ΔrpfB–Chinese cabbage infection model and an ultra-performance liquid chromatographic-time of flight-mass spectrometry–based assay, BDSF was found to comprise >70% of the DSF family signals present in infected cabbage tissue. BDSF at a concentration of 2.0 μM induced both protease activity and engXCA expression. This is the first report to directly show that BDSF is the predominant in-planta QS signal used during X. campestris pv. campestris infection. It provides a better understanding of the molecular interactions between X. campestris pv. campestris and its cruciferous hosts and also provides the logical target for designing strategies to counteract BDSF signaling and, thus, infection. Further studies are needed to get an exact idea about the DSF production dynamics of the wild-type strain inside the plant.

The cis -2-dodecenoic acid (BDSF) quorum sensing system in Burkholderia cenocepacia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingfang Wang ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Shihao Song ◽  
Chaoyu Cui ◽  
Lian-Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Signal Perception ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor

It has been demonstrated that quorum sensing (QS) is widely employed by bacterial cells to coordinately regulate various group behaviors. Diffusible signal factor (DSF)-type signals have emerged as a growing family of conserved cell-cell communication signals. In addition to the DSF signal initially identified in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, B urkholderia d iffusible s ignal f actor (BDSF, cis -2-dodecenoic acid) has been recognized as a conserved DSF-type signal with specific characteristics in both signal perception and transduction from DSF signals. Here, we review the history and current progress of the research of this type of signal, especially focusing on its biosynthesis, signaling pathways, and biological functions. We also discuss and explore the huge potential of targeting this kind of QS system as a new therapeutic strategy to control bacterial infections and diseases.

scholarly journals Expression of the gum Operon Directing Xanthan Biosynthesis in Xanthomonas campestris and Its Regulation In Planta

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian A. Vojnov ◽  
Holly Slater ◽  
Michael J. Daniels ◽  
J. Maxwell Dow
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
Gum Gene Cluster ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor ◽  
Turnip Leaves

The gum gene cluster of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris comprises 12 genes whose products are involved in the biosynthesis of the extracellular polysaccharide xanthan. These genes are expressed primarily as an operon from a promoter upstream of the first gene, gumB. Although the regulation of xanthan synthesis in vitro has been well studied, nothing is known of its regulation in planta. A reporter plasmid was constructed in which the promoter region of the gum operon was fused to gusA. In liquid cultures, the expression of the gumgusA reporter was correlated closely with the production of xanthan, although a low basal level of β-glucuronidase activity was seen in the absence of added carbon sources when xanthan production was very low. The expression of the gumgusA fusion also was subject to positive regulation by rpfF, which is responsible for the synthesis of the diffusible signal factor (DSF). The expression of the gumgusA fusion in bacteria recovered from inoculated turnip leaves was maximal at the later phases of growth and was subject to regulation by rpfF. These results provide indirect support for the operation of the DSF regulatory system in bacteria in planta.

scholarly journals Promiscuous Diffusible Signal Factor Production and Responsiveness of the Xylella fastidiosa Rpf System

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ionescu ◽  
Kenji Yokota ◽  
Elena Antonova ◽  
Angelica Garcia ◽  
Ellen Beaulieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor

ABSTRACT Cell density-dependent regulation of gene expression in Xylella fastidiosa that is crucial to its switching between plant hosts and insect vectors is dependent on RpfF and its production of 2-enoic acids known as diffusible signal factor (DSF). We show that X. fastidiosa produces a particularly large variety of similar, relatively long-chain-length 2-enoic acids that are active in modulating gene expression. Both X. fastidiosa itself and a Pantoea agglomerans surrogate host harboring X. fastidiosa RpfF ( Xf RpfF) is capable of producing a variety of both saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids. However, only 2- cis unsaturated acids were found to be biologically active in X. fastidiosa . X. fastidiosa produces, and is particularly responsive to, a novel DSF species, 2- cis -hexadecanoic acid that we term Xf DSF2. It is also responsive to other, even longer 2-enoic acids to which other taxa such as Xanthomonas campestris are unresponsive. The 2-enoic acids that are produced by X. fastidiosa are strongly affected by the cellular growth environment, with Xf DSF2 not detected in culture media in which 2-tetradecenoic acid ( Xf DSF1) had previously been found. X. fastidiosa is responsive to much lower concentrations of Xf DSF2 than Xf DSF1. Apparently competitive interactions can occur between various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that block the function of those agonistic 2-enoic fatty acids. By altering the particular 2-enoic acids produced and the relative balance of free enoic and saturated fatty acids, X. fastidiosa might modulate the extent of DSF-mediated quorum sensing. IMPORTANCE X. fastidiosa , having a complicated lifestyle in which it moves and multiplies within plants but also must be vectored by insects, utilizes DSF-based quorum sensing to partition the expression of traits needed for these two processes within different cells in this population based on local cellular density. The finding that it can produce a variety of DSF species in a strongly environmentally context-dependent manner provides insight into how it coordinates the many genes under the control of DSF signaling to successfully associate with its two hosts. Since the new DSF variant Xf DSF2 described here is much more active than the previously recognized DSF species, it should contribute to plant disease control, given that the susceptibility of plants can be greatly reduced by artificially elevating the levels of DSF in plants, creating “pathogen confusion,” resulting in lower virulence.

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Characterization of Diffusible Signal Factor Family Quorum-Sensing Signals Produced by Members of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (14) ◽  
pp. 4675-4683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinyue Deng ◽  
Ji'en Wu ◽  
Leo Eberl ◽  
Lian-Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor

ABSTRACT Previous work has shown that Burkholderia cenocepacia produces the diffusible signal factor (DSF) family signal cis-2-dodecenoic acid (C12:Δ2, also known as BDSF), which is involved in the regulation of virulence. In this study, we determined whether C12:Δ2 production is conserved in other members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) by using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and bioassays. Our results show that five Bcc species are capable of producing C12:Δ2 as a sole DSF family signal, while four species produce not only C12:Δ2 but also a new DSF family signal, which was identified as cis,cis-11-methyldodeca-2,5-dienoic acid (11-Me-C12:Δ2,5). In addition, we demonstrate that the quorum-sensing signal cis-11-methyl-2-dodecenoic acid (11-Me-C12:Δ2), which was originally identified in Xanthomonas campestris supernatants, is produced by Burkholderia multivorans. It is shown that, similar to 11-Me-C12:Δ2 and C12:Δ2, the newly identified molecule 11-Me-C12:Δ2,5 is a potent signal in the regulation of biofilm formation, the production of virulence factors, and the morphological transition of Candida albicans. These data provide evidence that DSF family molecules are highly conserved bacterial cell-cell communication signals that play key roles in the ecology of the organisms that produce them.

scholarly journals The RpfB-Dependent Quorum Sensing Signal Turnover System Is Required for Adaptation and Virulence in Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Yu Wang ◽  
Lian Zhou ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Guang-Hai Ji ◽  
Ya-Wen He
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Rice Bacterial Blight ◽  
Double Deletion ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor ◽  
Bacterial Blight Pathogen

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, produces diffusible signal factor (DSF) family quorum sensing signals to regulate virulence. The biosynthesis and perception of DSF family signals require components of the rpf (regulation of pathogenicity factors) cluster. In this study, we report that RpfB plays an essential role in DSF family signal turnover in X. oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99A. The production of DSF family signals was boosted by deletion of the rpfB gene and was abolished by its overexpression. The RpfC/RpfG-mediated DSF signaling system negatively regulates rpfB expression via the global transcription regulator Clp, whose activity is reversible in the presence of cyclic diguanylate monophosphate. These findings indicate that the DSF family signal turnover system in PXO99A is generally consistent with that in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Moreover, this study has revealed several specific roles of RpfB in PXO99A. First, the rpfB deletion mutant produced high levels of DSF family signals but reduced extracellular polysaccharide production, extracellular amylase activity, and attenuated pathogenicity. Second, the rpfB/rpfC double-deletion mutant was partially deficient in xanthomonadin production. Taken together, the RpfB-dependent DSF family signal turnover system is a conserved and naturally presenting signal turnover system in Xanthomonas spp., which plays unique roles in X. oryzae pv. oryzae adaptation and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Versatile Physiological Functions of Plant GSK3-Like Kinases

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Juan Mao ◽  
Wenxin Li ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Jianming Li
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Diverse Plant

The plant glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-like kinases are highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinases that are grouped into four subfamilies. Similar to their mammalian homologs, these kinases are constitutively active under normal growth conditions but become inactivated in response to diverse developmental and environmental signals. Since their initial discoveries in the early 1990s, many biochemical and genetic studies were performed to investigate their physiological functions in various plant species. These studies have demonstrated that the plant GSK3-like kinases are multifunctional kinases involved not only in a wide variety of plant growth and developmental processes but also in diverse plant stress responses. Here we summarize our current understanding of the versatile physiological functions of the plant GSK3-like kinases along with their confirmed and potential substrates.

scholarly journals Xanthomonas campestris Promotes Diffusible Signal Factor Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity by Utilizing Glucose and Sucrose from Host Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
Mingfa Lv ◽  
Wenfang Yin ◽  
Tingyan Dong ◽  
Changqing Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Exogenous Addition ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor ◽  
Signal Production ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Encoding Genes

The plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris produces diffusible signal factor (DSF) quorum sensing (QS) signals to regulate its biological functions and virulence. Our previous study showed that X. campestris pv. campestris utilizes host plant metabolites to enhance the biosynthesis of DSF family signals. However, it is unclear how X. campestris pv. campestris benefits from the metabolic products of the host plant. In this study, we observed that the host plant metabolites not only boosted the production of the DSF family signals but also modulated the expression levels of DSF-regulated genes in X. campestris pv. campestris. Infection with X. campestris pv. campestris induced changes in the expression of many sugar transporter genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Exogenous addition of sucrose or glucose, which are the major products of photosynthesis in plants, enhanced DSF signal production and X. campestris pv. campestris pathogenicity in the Arabidopsis model. In addition, several sucrose hydrolase–encoding genes in X. campestris pv. campestris and sucrose invertase–encoding genes in the host plant were notably upregulated during the infection process. These enzymes hydrolyzed sucrose to glucose and fructose, and in trans expression of one of these enzymes, CINV1 of A. thaliana or XC_0805 of X. campestris pv. campestris, enhanced DSF signal biosynthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris in the presence of sucrose. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that X. campestris pv. campestris applies multiple strategies to utilize host plant sugars to enhance QS and pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa las and rhl quorum-sensing systems are important for infection and inflammation in a rat prostatitis model

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (8) ◽  
pp. 2612-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Nelson ◽  
Genevieve H. D'Amours ◽  
Kimberley M. Sproule-Willoughby ◽  
Douglas W. Morck ◽  
Howard Ceri
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Strain Pao1 ◽  
Rat Prostate

Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently acts as an opportunistic pathogen of mucosal surfaces; yet, despite causing aggressive prostatitis in some men, its role as a pathogen in the prostate has not been investigated. Consequently, we developed a Ps. aeruginosa infection model in the rat prostate by instilling wild-type (WT) Ps. aeruginosa strain PAO1 into the rat prostate. It was found that Ps. aeruginosa produced acute and chronic infections in this mucosal tissue as determined by bacterial colonization, gross morphology, tissue damage and inflammatory markers. WT strain PAO1 and its isogenic mutant PAO-JP2, in which both the lasI and rhlI quorum-sensing signal systems have been silenced, were compared during both acute and chronic prostate infections. In acute infections, bacterial numbers and inflammatory markers were comparable between WT PA01 and PAO-JP2; however, considerably less tissue damage occurred in infections with PAO-JP2. Chronic infections with PAO-JP2 resulted in reduced bacterial colonization, tissue damage and inflammation as compared to WT PAO1 infections. Therefore, the quorum-sensing lasI and rhlI genes in Ps. aeruginosa affect acute prostate infections, but play a considerably more important role in maintaining chronic infections. We have thus developed a highly reproducible model for the study of Ps. aeruginosa virulence in the prostate.

scholarly journals Identification of FadT as a Novel Quorum Quenching Enzyme for the Degradation of Diffusible Signal Factor in Cupriavidus pinatubonensis Strain HN-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9862
Author(s):  
Xudan Xu ◽  
Tian Ye ◽  
Wenping Zhang ◽  
Tian Zhou ◽  
Xiaofan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor ◽  
High Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris ◽  
Potential Use

Quorum sensing (QS) is a microbial cell–cell communication mechanism and plays an important role in bacterial infections. QS-mediated bacterial infections can be blocked through quorum quenching (QQ), which hampers signal accumulation, recognition, and communication. The pathogenicity of numerous bacteria, including Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), is regulated by diffusible signal factor (DSF), a well-known fatty acid signaling molecule of QS. Cupriavidus pinatubonensis HN-2 could substantially attenuate the infection of XCC through QQ by degrading DSF. The QQ mechanism in strain HN-2, on the other hand, is yet to be known. To understand the molecular mechanism of QQ in strain HN-2, we used whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics studies. We discovered that the fadT gene encodes acyl-CoA dehydrogenase as a novel QQ enzyme. The results of site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated the requirement of fadT gene for DSF degradation in strain HN-2. Purified FadT exhibited high enzymatic activity and outstanding stability over a broad pH and temperature range with maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 35 °C. No cofactors were required for FadT enzyme activity. The enzyme showed a strong ability to degrade DSF. Furthermore, the expression of fadT in Xcc results in a significant reduction in the pathogenicity in host plants, such as Chinese cabbage, radish, and pakchoi. Taken together, our results identified a novel DSF-degrading enzyme, FadT, in C. pinatubonensis HN-2, which suggests its potential use in the biological control of DSF-mediated pathogens.

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