Pearl Millet as a Rotation Crop for Peanut

In the southeastern United States, there are limited options for crops that can be grown in rotation with peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) has potential as a grain crop, and some hybrids have shown resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria), the primary nematode pest of peanut in this region. The objective of this study was to determine whether pearl millet reduces M. arenaria when planted in rotation with peanut. The experiment was arranged as a randomized, complete-block design with six replications. The rotations were peanut following either 2 years of corn, HGM-100 pearl millet, or TifGrain 102 pearl millet. There were two staggered sequences of each rotation so that a cycle was completed in 2004 and in 2005. Pearl millet did not increase either stem rot or Rhizoctonia limb rot in peanut. In both years, root galling from M. arenaria was lower on peanut following TifGrain 102 (4.6 on a scale of 0 to 10) and corn (4.9) than following HGM-100 (7.5). Peanut yields in 2004 were low and unaffected by the preceding rotation crop; however, in 2005, yields were greater in peanut following 2 years of TifGrain 102 (2320 kg/ha) and corn (2504 kg/ha) than following HGM-100 (1821 kg/ha). The lower yields following HGM-100 were likely due to greater populations of M. arenaria that had developed on the susceptible pearl millet hybrid. Economic analyses showed greater returns above variable costs from the grain crops than from the peanut crops. We conclude that the resistant pearl millet hybrid TifGrain 102 is as effective as corn in limiting population increase of M. arenaria and in enhancing peanut yield compared to the susceptible pearl millet hybrid, HGM-100. Additional research is needed to improve the profitability of pearl millet, and nematode resistance should be an important component of crop improvement programs. Accepted for publication 20 October 2006. Published 2 February 2007.

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Screening of Pearl Millet Genotypes Suitable for Drought Tolerance at Early Seedling Stage

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5718 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R.C. Meena ◽

Supriya Ambawat ◽

C. Tara Satyavathi ◽

Moola Ram ◽

Vikas Khandelwal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Improvement Programs

Background: Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Br.] is the most widely grown staple food of majority of poor and small land holders in Asia and Africa. It is also consumed as feed and fodder for livestock. It is the sixth most important cereal crop in the world next to maize, rice wheat, barley and sorghum. The temperature is one of the key climatic factors and has profound effect on the growth and development of the pearl millet. It can only be managed through developing hybrid varieties which can tolerate high temperature during germination and early seedling stages.The present study aimed to identify drought tolerant genotypes of pearl millet at seedling stage. Methods: This experiment was carried out at Mandor during kharif 2018 with five selected pearl millet advanced hybrids MH 2192, MH 2224, MH 2228, MH 2354 and MH 2359 along with three checks RHB 177, MPMH 17 and 86M86 which were tested under polyethylene glycol (PEG) (5% and 10%) induced osmotic stress. Various physiological parameters were recorded 15 days after sowing and statistical analysis made using Windostat software. Result: The results revealed that shoot length, seedling dry weight, relative water content, membrane stability index and chlorophyll content decreased significantly with PEG induced water stress in all the hybrids while root length and catalase activity increased significantly under water stress. Among 5 hybrids, two hybrids viz. MH 2359 and MH 2354 performed better and found to be superior under PEG induced water stress. Thus, various drought tolerance indices may further be studied for these two hybrids and can be used in development of drought tolerant genotypes which may prove helpful for crop improvement programs of pearl millet.

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Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Released Hybrids and Varieties of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i3130994 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 92-104

Author(s):

Supriya Ambawat ◽

C. Tara Satyavathi ◽

Rajbala Meena ◽

Vikas Khandelwal ◽

R. C. Meena

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Varietal Identification ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Diversity Studies

Pearl millet is a climate-resilient crop which is most widely grown in the arid and semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa over 26 mha. It is a highly nutritious cereal crop and rightly termed as nutricereal. This crop requires low inputs and delivers high cost-effective benefits. Development of high yielding hybrids is the major target of pearl millet researchers globally. The understanding of genetic diversity is very important and must for developing superior hybrids and crop improvement programs. In the present study, we evaluated the diversity among 30 different released hybrids and varieties of pearl millet using 125 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. Out of these, 61 polymorphic SSRs were reported giving 191 alleles with an average of 3.13 alleles per primer. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) varied from 0.33 to 0.76 with an average of 0.55 PIC value. The cluster analysis based on these SSR markers categorized the genotypes into four major clusters viz., I, II, III, IV with similarity coefficient ranging from 0.58 to 0.73. The results depicted that sufficient genetic variability exists among the different hybrids and varieties used in the study which can further prove useful for pearl millet improvement programs. The study also reveals that SSR markers are proficient and may be used efficiently for genetic diversity studies in pearl millet. It is also anticipated that findings of this study may be further used for DNA fingerprinting and varietal identification.

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Warm-season annual forages in forage-finishing beef systems: I. Forage yield and quality

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txz075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 911-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Deidre D Harmon ◽

Dennis W Hancock ◽

Robert L Stewart ◽

Jenna L Lacey ◽

Robert W Mckee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Block Design ◽

Warm Season ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Beef Production ◽

Sorghum Sudangrass ◽

Value Determination

Abstract The demand for a year-round supply of fresh, locally grown, forage-finished beef products has created a need for forage-finishing strategies during the summer months in the southeast. A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate four warm-season annual forages in a southeastern forage-finishing beef production system. Treatments were four forage species and included brown-midrib sorghum × sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor var. bicolor*bicolor var. sudanense; BMR), sorghum × sudangrass (SS), pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.; PM], or pearl millet planted with crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.; PMCG]. Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Pastures (0.81 ha, experimental unit) were assigned to one of four forage treatments, subdivided, and rotationally stocked with a variable stocking density. British-cross beef steers (n = 32; 3-yr average: 429 ± 22 kg) grazed for 70, 63, and 56 d in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Put-and-take animals were used to maintain a forage allowance of 116 kg forage dry matter /100 kg body weight. Forage mass was measured by clipping a 4.3-m2 area in triplicate on d 0 and on 14-d intervals. Hand grab samples for forage nutritive value determination and quadrat clippings for species compositions were measured on d 0 and on 34-d intervals until termination of the trial. Forage mass was lowest (P < 0.01) for PMCG at the initiation of the grazing trial, whereas BMR was greater (P < 0.01) than SS at wk 6. Total digestible nutrients in 2014 were greater for SS compared to BMR and PM at the middle harvest (P < 0.01) and BMR, PM, and PMCG at the final harvest (P < 0.01). At the middle and final harvests in both 2015 and 2016, PM and PMCG contained greater (P < 0.01) concentrations of crude protein than SS. These results suggest that BMR, SS, PM, and PMCG may all be used in southeastern forage-finishing beef production systems, as long as the producer strategically accounts for the slight growth and nutritive value differences throughout the season.

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Pearl millet as a rotation crop with flue-cured tobacco for control of root-lesion nematodes in Ontario

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p05-163 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 1265-1271 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. A. Amankwa ◽

A. D. White ◽

T. W. McDowell ◽

D. L. Van Hooren

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes ◽

Rotation Crop ◽

Grade Index

In Ontario, flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) growers routinely fumigate their soils to control root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb). Studies suggest that planting pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) as a rotation crop may control the nematodes; winter rye (Secale cereale L.), the crop commonly grown in rotation with tobacco, is susceptible to the nematodes. In 2002, plots of forage millet (var. CFPM 101), grain millet (var. CGPMH-1) and winter rye were established at three sites and in 2003, tobacco was grown at these sites in non-fumigated plots where the rotation crops grew, except for a winter rye/fumigation treatment. The goal was to evaluate P. penetrans populations and tobacco yield and quality in the millet rotations relative to the traditional rye-fumigation system. In 2002, initial P. penetrans populations assessed in the spring were similar for all treatments; however, the final populations and consequently the ratios of final populations/initial populations (Pf/Pi) consistently differed among treatments. The Pf/Pi ratios ranged from 0.07 to 0.79 for forage millet, from 0.18 to 0.94 for grain millet and from 2.33 to 21.65 for rye. In 2003, P. penetrans populations in tobacco plots previously cropped to either type of millet were comparable with those detected in fumigated winter rye plots. Compared with tobacco following rye without fumigation, tobacco yield was 14 to 51% higher following rye with fumigation, 19 to 70% higher following forage millet and 18 to 65% higher following grain millet. Grade index was unaffected. Results indicate that pearl millet offers an alternative to fumigants for the suppression of P. penetrans population and provides equivalent gross returns. Key words: Pennisetum glaucum, rotation crop, Nicotiana tabacum

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Effects of planting dates on the growth and grain yield of two indigenous varieties of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) in a forest-savanna transition zone of Edo State, Nigeria

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2019.114.2.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Sunday Ebonka NWAJEI ◽

Anthony Uhunomwan OMOREGIE ◽

Felix Omonkeke OGEDEGBE

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Block Design ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Reproductive Structures ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Edo State ◽

June July

Effects of planting dates on the growth and grain yield of two indigenous varieties of pearl millet was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. The experiment was a 2 × 5 factorial scheme fitted into a randomized complete block design with the two varieties of pearl millet (‘Gero Bida’ and ‘Gero Badeggi’) and five planting dates (April, May, June, July and August) replicated three times. The results obtained showed that delays in planting date significantly reduced growth in pearl millet examined. Similar pattern was observed on days to 50 % flowering and grain maturity. Improved growth with early sowing could have allowed increased availability of assimilates that later supported reproductive growth. These assimilates were remobilized under unfavourable climatic condition in the late cropping season to the reproductive structures. ‘Gero Badeggi’ sown in April, had significantly, the highest growth in the measured characters than ‘Gero Bida’ sown in August and other dates. ‘Gero Badeggi’ planted in May had the highest total grain yield (9.33 t ha-1) while ‘Gero Bida’ planted in July had the smallest (4.27 t ha-1). Therefore, ‘Gero Baddegi’ planted in May is a better variety for pearl millet grain production in Ekpoma.

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Genetic Analysis and Selection Criteria in Bambara Groundnut Accessions Based Yield Performance

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081634 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1634

Author(s):

Atiqullah Khaliqi ◽

Mohd Y. Rafii ◽

Norida Mazlan ◽

Mashitah Jusoh ◽

Yusuff Oladosu

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Large Scale ◽

Block Design ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Yield Component ◽

Bambara Groundnut ◽

Breeding Systems ◽

High Yield ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

The Relationship

The knowledge of genetic variability and breeding techniques is crucial in crop improvement programs. This information is especially important in underutilized crops such as Bambara groundnut, which have limited breeding systems and genetic diversity information. Hence, this study evaluated the genetic variability and established the relationship between the yield and its components in Bambara groundnut based on seed weight using multivariate analysis. A field trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications on 28 lines. Data were collected on 12 agro-morphological traits, and a statistical analysis was conducted using SAS version 9.4 software, while the variance component, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variation, heritability, and genetic advance values were estimated. A cluster analysis was performed using NT-SYS software to estimate the genetic relations among the accessions. The results showed significant variability among the accessions based on the yield and yield component characteristics. The evaluated lines were grouped into seven primary clusters based on the assessed traits using the UPGMA dendrogram. Based on the overall results, G5LR1P3, G1LR1P3, G4LR1P1, G2SR1P1 and G3SR1P4 performed the best for the yield and yield components. These improved lines are recommended for large-scale evaluation and utilization in future breeding programs to develop high-yield Bambara groundnut varieties.

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Boot Stage Forage Yield and Quality of Pearl Millet as Influenced by Organo-mineral Fertilizer Rates in Humid Rainforest Zone of Nigeria

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i930596 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 158-166

Author(s):

A. J. Ajayi ◽

G. O. Ajayi ◽

S. I. Nwagbara

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Block Design ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Boot Stage ◽

Yield And Quality

An experiment was conducted at the experimental site of Federal College of Agriculture, Akure to investigate the effects of different levels of organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) on forage yield and quality of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R.Br). The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Five levels of OMF at 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, 4t/ha and 100 kg/ha N.P.K. 15:15:15 were used. Pearl millet seeds were sown at the rate of 10 kg/ha. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the plant height, fresh and dry forage yield obtained at boot stage. The following ranges were obtained in the investigated traits among the fertilizer applications; plant height 1.08-2.54 m, fresh forage yield 24.37-59.10t/ha and dry matter yield of 4.25-10.67 t/ha. Quality parameters (CP, CF, EE, NFE and Ash) showed significant increase with higher levels of OMF applied. The ranges obtained were: CP 8.56-13.32%, EE 15.82-16.1%, EE 7.14-8.69%, Ash 11.46-16.07%, NFE 33.38-44.48 and moisture content 9.49-11.58%. The study concludes that organo-mineral fertilizer application at 4t/ha is particularly effective in improving the forage yield and quality of pearl millet.

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Development and Genetic Characterization of Peanut Advanced Backcross Lines That Incorporate Root-Knot Nematode Resistance From Arachis stenosperma

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.785358 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Ballén-Taborda ◽

Ye Chu ◽

Peggy Ozias-Akins ◽

C. Corley Holbrook ◽

Patricia Timper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Flower Color ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Wild Relative ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Advanced Backcross

Crop wild species are increasingly important for crop improvement. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) wild relatives comprise a diverse genetic pool that is being used to broaden its narrow genetic base. Peanut is an allotetraploid species extremely susceptible to peanut root-knot nematode (PRKN) Meloidogyne arenaria. Current resistant cultivars rely on a single introgression for PRKN resistance incorporated from the wild relative Arachis cardenasii, which could be overcome as a result of the emergence of virulent nematode populations. Therefore, new sources of resistance may be needed. Near-immunity has been found in the peanut wild relative Arachis stenosperma. The two loci controlling the resistance, present on chromosomes A02 and A09, have been validated in tetraploid lines and have been shown to reduce nematode reproduction by up to 98%. To incorporate these new resistance QTL into cultivated peanut, we used a marker-assisted backcrossing approach, using PRKN A. stenosperma-derived resistant lines as donor parents. Four cycles of backcrossing were completed, and SNP assays linked to the QTL were used for foreground selection. In each backcross generation seed weight, length, and width were measured, and based on a statistical analysis we observed that only one generation of backcrossing was required to recover the elite peanut’s seed size. A populating of 271 BC3F1 lines was genome-wide genotyped to characterize the introgressions across the genome. Phenotypic information for leaf spot incidence and domestication traits (seed size, fertility, plant architecture, and flower color) were recorded. Correlations between the wild introgressions in different chromosomes and the phenotypic data allowed us to identify candidate regions controlling these domestication traits. Finally, PRKN resistance was validated in BC3F3 lines. We observed that the QTL in A02 and/or large introgression in A09 are needed for resistance. This present work represents an important step toward the development of new high-yielding and nematode-resistant peanut cultivars.

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Pearl Millet for the Management of Pratylenchus penetrans in Flue-Cured Tobacco in Quebec

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.9.989 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (9) ◽

pp. 989-992 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Guy Bélair ◽

Nathalie Dauphinais ◽

Yvon Fournier ◽

Om P. Dangi

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Viable Alternative ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Tobacco Production ◽

Standard Application ◽

Rotation Crop ◽

The Impact ◽

Metham Sodium

Two 1-year rotation experiments were conducted from 1998 to 2000 to assess the impact of forage and grain pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) on Pratylenchus penetrans populations in a tobacco field (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Delgold) in Quebec. Performance of these crops was compared with rye, the standard rotation crop. Rye plots were doubled to include a fumigated standard (application of metham sodium at 67.4 liters/ha on a band). Forage pearl millet increased tobacco yields by an average of 103% compared with nonfumigated rye. In 2000, leaf dry weights of tobacco following grain pearl millet CGPM H5 and CGPM H6 was increased by 70 and 73%, respectively, when compared with nonfumigated rye and were not significantly different from the fumigated plots following rye. Forage and grain pearl millet should be considered as a viable alternative to fumigation for controlling P. penetrans infestation in flue-cured tobacco production in Quebec.

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Diversity of Pepper (Capsicum spp.) Genotypes from Eritrea Assessed by Morphological Traits

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n4p156 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brhan Khiar Saleh ◽

Remmy W. Kasili ◽

Edward G. Mamati ◽

Woldeamlak Araia ◽

Aggrey B. Nyende

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Climatic Regions ◽

Capsicum Spp ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Combined Data ◽

Three Components

Diversity in plant genetic resources provides an opportunity for plant breeders to develop new and improved cultivars with desirable characteristics. The purpose of this study was to assess the diversity of Eritrean pepper germplasm in order to obtain information for improving it. A total of 60 pepper (Capsicum spp.) seed sample collections were obtained from farmers and institutions in Eritrea. The collections were evaluated at two sites located in two different agro-climatic regions of the country. The collections were assessed using 16 quantitative and 23 qualitative descriptors. A Randomized Complete Block Design was used for the evaluation. Quantitative and qualitative data of the two sites were subjected to Principal Component Analysis, Principal Coordinate Analysis, Hierarchal clustering, Analysis of variance and Correlation. The distribution of characters of the different quantitative and qualitative traits and the performance of the collections showed the existece of variable characters distributed among the collections indicating considerable diversity. For quantitative variables, the first three components were able to explain 61%, 58% and 67% of the total variation in Hamelmalo, Asmara and combined data of the two sites respectively. While for the qualitative variables the first three components were able to explain a variation of 58% in Hamelmalo, 49%, in Asmara and 55% combined data of the two sites. Phenological attributes and fruit characteristics were found to contribute more to the variation. The majority of the traits evaluated were significant and the highest Coefficient of Variation was related to fruit characteristics. The results of this study showed that there is sufficient variability within the Eritrean pepper genotypes that could be used in future breeding and crop improvement programs.

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