EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE INTERVENTION ON AEROBIC CAPACITY FOR PARKINSON'S PATIENTS 187

We recently reported the results of a randomized, parallel-group, observer-masked, community-based clinical trial of 132 cognitively normal individuals aged 20–67 with below median aerobic capacity who were randomly assigned to one of two 6-month, four-times-weekly conditions: aerobic exercise and stretching/toning. We now assessed potential sex moderation on exercise-related changes in aerobic capacity, BMI and cognitive function. There was no sex moderation of the effect of aerobic exercise on aerobic capacity or BMI. We had previously reported an effect of aerobic exercise on executive function that was moderated by age. We found additional moderation by sex, such that in any age range men improved more than women. Processing speed showed significant sex moderation but not significant age moderation. In men, processing speed significantly improved by week 12 (b = 0.35, p = 0.0051), but the effect was diminished relative to week 12 at week 24 (b = 0.24, p = 0.0578). In women, there was no exercise effect at either time point (week 12: b = −0.06, p = 0.4156; week 24: b = −0.11, p = 0.1841). Men benefited cognitively more than women from aerobic exercise. This study highlights the importance of using sex-disaggregated analyses when assessing the impact of physical exercise intervention, and the need to ascertain the underlying mechanisms for differential cognitive benefit by sex.

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A randomized controlled pilot of home-based exercise (HBEX) versus standard care (SC) among breast (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) patients receiving radiation therapy (RTH)

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8504 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 8504-8504 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. M. Mustian ◽

G. R. Morrow ◽

J. Yates ◽

L. Gillies ◽

C. Boles

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Change Scores ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Home Based

8504 Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is reported in up to 97% of cancer patients during RTH. 60% rate it as moderate to severe. Fatigue can significantly reduce functional capacity (FC), treatment compliance, and QOL. Although there is no standard treatment for CRF, aerobic exercise has demonstrated a positive influence on CRF and FC during RTH, but the influence of combined resistance and aerobic exercise is not clear. We explored the efficacy of a low to moderate home-based exercise intervention, including resistance and aerobic training, to SC on CRF and domains of FC (aerobic capacity and strength), in a sample of BC and PC patients during RTH. Methods: BC and PC patients (N=38; ξ age=56; 71% BC), beginning at least 28 sessions of RTH were randomized to a 4wk HBEX (7 days/wk) or SC condition, with CRF (FACT subscale), aerobic capacity (6-min. walk), and strength (handgrip dynamometry) assessments pre and post-intervention. Results: Change scores indicated improvements in the HBEX group (N=19) in CRF (ξ=3.6, SE=2.1) and aerobic capacity (ξ=43.6, SE=52.3), while the SC group declined in CRF (ξ=-1.1, SE=1.1) and aerobic capacity (ξ=-28.5 SE=71.6). Change scores revealed declines in strength among both groups, however the HBEX group showed smaller declines in strength (ξ=-.05, SE=0.7) compared to the SC group (ξ=-.80, SE=.91). T-tests using intent-to-treat indicated statistically significant between group differences on changes in CRF (ES=.63; p=.05) from pre to post-intervention, as well as significantly higher aerobic capacity (ES=1.3; p<.001) with a statistical trend toward lower CRF (ES=.51; p=.09) between groups post-intervention. Conclusions: HBEX improved CRF and aerobic capacity, while SC resulted in declines. HBEX reduced declines in strength compared to SC. Future phase III randomized controlled trials are needed with larger samples to fully investigate the influence of this HBEX intervention on CRF, aerobic capacity and strength. Funded by NCI grant 1R25CA102618. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Aerobic exercise for adolescent outpatients with persistent major depression: Feasibility and acceptability of moderate to vigorous group exercise in a clinically referred sample

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/13591045211000782 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135910452110007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Håkan Jarbin ◽

Kristina Höglund ◽

Gudmundur Skarphedinsson ◽

Ann Bremander

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Well Being ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinically Referred ◽

Persistent Depression ◽

Comorbid Adhd

Aims: To assess feasibility and acceptability of exercise in clinically referred adolescents with major depression. Methods: Outpatients12 to 17 years with mild to moderate persistent depression participated in a supervised, pulse monitored, 14-week aerobic exercise but without control group. Primary outcome was adherence and secondary was clinician-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Adolescent (QIDS-A17-C), aerobic capacity, functioning, and well-being. Results: Twenty-one (66%) of 32 eligible adolescents with major depression with disease duration 2.4 (1.1–5.3) years and comorbid ADHD (71%) and anxiety disorders (62%) consented. Estimated maximum heart rate above 70% was achieved for mean 31.6 minutes, indicating that the intensity and duration of the exercise intervention was well received. Fourteen patients (67%) participated throughout the program and attended a median of 29 (81%, range 20–35) supporting satisfaction with the intervention by most patients. QIDS-A17-C score decreased compared to baseline at 15 weeks ( p < .001) and further at 1 year ( p < .001). Aerobic capacity improved during the intervention but was not maintained, while functioning improved and after 1 year also well-being. Conclusion: This 14 week moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise intervention was feasible and well accepted by most adolescents with persistent depression and extensive comorbidities.

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Effects of an eight-week exercise program on parameters of the lipid profile of female students

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.2478/jomb-2019-0006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Irina Juhas ◽

Branko Skof ◽

Dejana Popović ◽

Milan Matić ◽

Nenad Janković

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Female Students ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Short Term ◽

Vigorous Intensity ◽

Healthy Females

Summary Background Increased lipid levels are one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of short-term (8 weeks) aerobic exercise of moderate to vigorous intensity on lipid profile in young healthy females. Methods 27 female students (mean age 20.5 ± 1 year) completed 8 weeks of aerobic training that included two exercise sessions of continuous aerobic activity of moderate intensity (running 35–60 min) and one exercise session with interval training of vigorous intensity. Intervention aerobic capacity and lipid profile were examined before and after the exercise. Results Exercise intervention has caused a decrease of low density lipoprotein levels per 9.8% (from 2.52 ± 0.47 to 2.27 ± 0.53 mmol/L; p < 0.001) and significant improvement of high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels per 22.7% (from 1.29 ± 0.24 to 1.59 ± 0.24 mmol/L; p < 0.001), total cholesterol/HDL ratio per 17.2 % and aerobic capacity (VO2 max) per 3.8 % (43.9 ± 3.7 to 45.56 ± 3.63 mLO2/kg/min). Conclusions The results support the hypothesis that a short-term aerobic exercise intervention of moderate to vigorous intensity may have significant effects on blood lipid profile in young healthy females.

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Study on Change of Intestinal Microbiota, BDNF and the Factors on Regulation of Food Intake Acording to Aerobic Exercise Intervention in Obese Human

Korean Journal of Sports Science ◽

10.35159/kjss.2018.10.27.5.1139 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 1139-1148

Author(s):

Ja-Il Choi ◽

Jeong-Yeop Shin

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Obese Human

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Regular Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity and Walking Are Associated with Divergent but Not Convergent Thinking in Japanese Young Adults

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11081046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1046

Author(s):

Chong Chen ◽

Yasuhiro Mochizuki ◽

Kosuke Hagiwara ◽

Masako Hirotsu ◽

Shin Nakagawa

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Creative Thinking ◽

Divergent Thinking ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Convergent Thinking ◽

Intervention Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vigorous Intensity

The beneficial effects of regular physical activity (PA) on cognitive functions have received much attention. Recent research suggests that regular PA may also enhance creative thinking, an indispensable cognitive factor for invention and innovation. However, at what intensity regular PA brings the most benefits to creative thinking remains uninvestigated. Furthermore, whether the levels of regular PA affect the acute PA effects on creative thinking is also unclear. In the present study, using a previous dataset that investigated the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on creative thinking in healthy Japanese young adults (22.98 ± 1.95 years old) in the year 2020, we tested the association between different intensities of regular PA (i.e., vigorous, moderate, and walking) and creative thinking with the cross-sectional baseline data using multiple linear regression. We also investigated whether regular PA levels were associated with the acute aerobic exercise intervention effects on creative thinking. The results showed that cross-sectionally, the regular PAs were differentially associated with divergent but not convergent thinking. Specifically, whereas the amount of vigorous-intensity PA was positively associated with fluency and flexibility, the amount of walking was positively associated with novelty on the alternate uses test (AUT) measuring divergent thinking. Importantly, the explained variances of fluency, flexibility, and novelty were 20.3% (p = 0.040), 18.8% (p = 0.055), and 20.1% (p = 0.043), respectively. None of the regular PAs predicted convergent thinking (i.e., an insight problem-solving task), nor were they associated with the acute aerobic exercise intervention effects on divergent and convergent thinking. These findings suggest that engaging in regular vigorous-intensity PA and walking may be useful strategies to enhance different aspects of divergent thinking in daily life.

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Brain Structure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Executive Control Changes after a 9-Week Exercise Intervention in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Life ◽

10.3390/life11040292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 292

Author(s):

Lina Zhu ◽

Qian Yu ◽

Fabian Herold ◽

Boris Cheval ◽

Xiaoxiao Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Executive Control ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Younger Adults

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is assumed to exert beneficial effects on brain structure and executive control (EC) performance. However, empirical evidence of exercise-induced cognitive enhancement is not conclusive, and the role of CRF in younger adults is not fully understood. Here, we conducted a study in which healthy young adults took part in a moderate aerobic exercise intervention program for 9 weeks (exercise group; n = 48), or control condition of non-aerobic exercise intervention (waitlist control group; n = 72). Before and after the intervention period maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) as an indicator of CRF, the Flanker task as a measure of EC performance and grey matter volume (GMV), as well as cortical thickness via structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were assessed. Compared to the control group, the CRF (heart rate, p < 0.001; VO2max, p < 0.001) and EC performance (congruent and incongruent reaction time, p = 0.011, p < 0.001) of the exercise group were significantly improved after the 9-week aerobic exercise intervention. Furthermore, GMV changes in the left medial frontal gyrus increased in the exercise group, whereas they were significantly reduced in the control group. Likewise, analysis of cortical morphology revealed that the left lateral occipital cortex (LOC.L) and the left precuneus (PCUN.L) thickness were considerably increased in the exercise group, which was not observed in the control group. The exploration analysis confirmed that CRF improvements are linked to EC improvement and frontal grey matter changes. In summary, our results support the idea that regular endurance exercises are an important determinant for brain health and cognitive performance even in a cohort of younger adults.

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Increased proinflammatory and oxidant gene expression in circulating mononuclear cells in older adults: amelioration by habitual exercise

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00204.2010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (14) ◽

pp. 895-902 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Lindsey B. Gano ◽

Anthony J. Donato ◽

Gary L. Pierce ◽

Hamza M. Pasha ◽

Katherine A. Magerko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Older Adults ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1

We tested the hypothesis that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of older adults demonstrate a proinflammatory/-oxidative gene expression profile that can be improved by regular aerobic exercise. PBMC were isolated from young ( n = 25, 18–33 yr) and middle-aged/older ( n = 40, 50–76 yr) healthy adults. The older adults had greater mRNA expression (real-time RT-PCR) of the proinflammatory/-oxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (1.58-fold, P < 0.05) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (1.12-fold, P < 0.05), the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (1.90-fold, P < 0.05) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (1.47-fold, P < 0.05), and the oxidant-producing enzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (0.91-fold, P < 0.05) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (2.60-fold, P < 0.05). In 11 subjects (58–70 yr), maximal oxygen consumption (+11%) and exercise time (+19%) were increased (both P < 0.001), and expression of the above proinflammatory/-oxidative genes was or tended to be decreased in PBMC after vs. before 2 mo of aerobic exercise (brisk walking ∼6 days/wk, 50 min/day, 70% of maximal heart rate). Expression of interleukin-6 was not different with age or exercise intervention. Age group- and exercise intervention-related differences in gene expression were independent of other factors. PBMC of healthy older adults demonstrate increased expression of several genes associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which is largely ameliorated by habitual aerobic exercise. This proinflammatory/-oxidative gene signature may represent a therapeutic target for lifestyle and pharmacological prevention and treatment strategies.

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Aerobic exercise improves hippocampal blood flow for hypertensive Apolipoprotein E4 carriers

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x21990342 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0271678X2199034

Author(s):

Carolyn S Kaufman ◽

Robyn A Honea ◽

Joseph Pleen ◽

Rebecca J Lepping ◽

Amber Watts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Late Onset ◽

Control Group ◽

Carrier Status ◽

Or Education ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Apolipoprotein E4

Cerebrovascular dysfunction likely contributes causally to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, Apolipoprotein E4 ( APOE4), may act synergistically with vascular risk to cause dementia. Therefore, interventions that improve vascular health, such as exercise, may be particularly beneficial for APOE4 carriers. We assigned cognitively normal adults (65–87 years) to an aerobic exercise intervention or education only. Arterial spin labeling MRI measured hippocampal blood flow (HBF) before and after the 52-week intervention. We selected participants with hypertension at enrollment (n = 44). For APOE4 carriers, change in HBF (ΔHBF) was significantly ( p = 0.006) higher for participants in the exercise intervention (4.09 mL/100g/min) than the control group (−2.08 mL/100g/min). There was no difference in ΔHBF between the control (−0.32 mL/100g/min) and exercise (−0.54 mL/100g/min) groups for non-carriers (p = 0.918). Additionally, a multiple regression showed an interaction between change in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) and APOE4 carrier status on ΔHBF ( p = 0.035), with reductions in SBP increasing HBF for APOE4 carriers only. Aerobic exercise improved HBF for hypertensive APOE4 carriers only. Additionally, only APOE4 carriers exhibited an inverse relationship between ΔSBP and ΔHBF. This suggests exercise interventions, particularly those that lower SBP, may be beneficial for individuals at highest genetic risk of AD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02000583

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