scholarly journals On the emulsifying action of soap.—A contribution to the theory of detergent action

1916 ◽  
Vol 92 (638) ◽  
pp. 231-247 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Soap Solution ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Applied Chemistry ◽  
Detergent Action ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject

AIthough the two closely allied subjects of emulsification and detergent action are of great importance in many brandies of technology, they seem to have been very little studied from a scientific point of view. Many technical chemists seem even now to bold the primitive and erroneous view that the detergent action of a soap solution is due to the saponification of grease by the alkali set free by hydrolysis. In the first edition (1893) of Thorpe's 'Dictionary of Applied Chemistry' it is stated that “the value of soap as a detergent is largely due to the fact that contact with water breaks up a neutral soap...” In the new edition (1913) no reference is made to any theory of detergent action. In neither edition is there an article on “Emulsions” or “Emulsification.” It is evident that the theory of these processes is in an unsatisfactory state, as regards both its actual development and its dissemination among those to whom it is of importance. The present paper is the beginning of an attempt at a systematic scientific study of the subject. The first section deals with some theoretical points relating to the process of emulsification, which are in part an amplification of views expressed by one of us in previous papers, and which are of importance in connection with the subsequent parts of the present paper. The second part deals with some experimental work which we have conducted during the last six months. The results of this work solve a fundamental problem in the theory of detergent action. In the third part is outlined a new theory as to the function of alkali in soap solutions.

Geragogy - the Third Pillar of Education Science

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Ctibor Határ
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Methodical Basis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Education Science

The present scientific study, mostly of theoretical and methodological nature, is intended to penetrate into the near past (and present) of geragogy as a discipline and analyze briefly the process of creating the constitution and methodology in the area of Europe (with emphasis on the Czech and Slovak and German provenance). Emphasis is also placed on theoretical and methodological basis of the current geragogy, covering the subject of investigation, content, objectives and tasks, science-systemic geragogy anchor being a methodological and methodical basis of senior education in various spheres of their individual and social life.

XXVII.—The Inheritance of Long and Short Wings in the Weevil, Sitona hispidula, with a Discussion of Wing Reduction among Beetles

1928 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Dimorphism ◽  
Wing Reduction ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Evolutionary Point

It is well known that in many orders of typically winged insects species occur which in the adult stage are apterous or have the wings so reduced in size that flight is impossible. Sometimes the reduction of wings affects one sex only, as in the case of the females of certain moths, but in the majority of cases it is exhibited by both sexes. In many instances wing dimorphism occurs irrespective of sex, one form of the species having fully developed wings and the other greatly reduced wings. In some species the wings are polymorphic. The problem of the origin of reduced wings and of other functionless organs is one of great interest from the evolutionary point of view. Various theories have been advanced in explanation, but in the majority of cases the various aspects of the subject are too little known to warrant discussion. More experimental work is required to show how far environmental conditions on the one hand, and hereditary factors on the other, are responsible for this phenomenon. Those species which exhibit alary dimorphism afford material for the study of the inheritance of the two types of wings, but only in a few cases has this method of research been utilized.

LEGAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF P. A. STOLYPIN'S AGRARIAN REFORM IN THE LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE THIRD STATE DUMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
E.N. SELYUTINA ◽  
◽  
V.A. KHOLODOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
Permanent Improvement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Legislative Activities ◽  
Legal Technology

The purpose of the article is to consider the legislative activity aimed at solving complex socio-economic and political problems at various stages of the historical development of the country, which requires the legislator not only to understand the severity and the significance of the ongoing transformations, but to perfect their legal and technical design as well. In this regard, the attention paid by the authors of this article to the experience of legal and technical support of P.A. Stolypin’s agrarian reform is very relevant in connection with the need of permanent improvement of Russian legislation affecting various social aspects. From the point of view of the legal technology peculiarities, the article considers the main normative legal acts governing P.A. Stolypin's agrarian transformations at the beginning of the 20-th century, as well as some other issues significant for the Russian Empire of that period. The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of legal and technical regulation of the legislative activity of the Third State Duma within the framework of agrarian transformations initiated by P.A. Stolypin. The subject of the study is the normative legal acts regulating P.A. Stolypin’s agrarian reform. The authors summarize that the legislative activities of the Third State Duma, in general, enriched the arsenal of domestic legal technique and contributed to its further improvement.

Die Rechtsphilosophie Gustav Radbruchs unter dem Einfluss von Emil Lask

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fundamental Distinction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Kantian Philosophy

It is well known that Gustav Radbruch’s philosophy of law is significantly influenced by the neo-Kantian philosophy of Rickert’s student Emil Lask. However, so far, there has been no systematic investigation of the question of which aspects of Lark’s analyses of legal philosophy, cultural philosophy and epistemology are important to Radbruch’s philosophy of law. The monograph endeavors to close this gap. Its structure orients itself towards a fundamental distinction between the scientific knowledge of the subject and the subject itself. The topic of the first part is the epistemological foundation of the philosophy and science of law; the second part deals with the justification of law itself. In the third part, the developments in the legal philosophical thoughts of Radbruch and Lask are analysed from the point of view of their relationship to the neo-Kantian tradition. The result also offers a new perspective on the much-discussed “transformation” in Radbruch’s legal philosophy.

scholarly journals Differentiation and Ore-deposits

1920 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 290-299
Author(s):  
R. H. Rastall
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
General Statement ◽  
Blast Furnace Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Genesis Of Ore Deposits

AT the present time most mining geologists appear to be in general agreement on the principle that primary ore-deposits are derived from igneous magmas. Furthermore, it is now almost universally recognized that the segregation and concentration of the metals and their compounds into payable ore-deposits is but part of a larger and more fundamental problem, namely, the differentiation of the igneous rocks, a problem which has exercised the ingenuity of petrologists for many years past and is still by no means solved. Unfortunately most of the speculations and theories put forward in explanation of these phenomena are in the main founded on facts and inferences derived from the study of the silicates; comparatively few petrologists have taken into account the behaviour of the oxidic and sulphidic compounds of the useful metals, which are commonly regarded in the light of rare and accidental constituents of the magma, rather than as having any particular bearing on the point at issue. The most notable exception to this general statement is Vogt, whose work on slags and ore-deposits is of an epoch-making character from the theoretical point of view, as well as of immense practical importance in smelting and blast-furnace practice. However, within the last few years great attention has been devoted by mining geologists to the subject of the genesis of ore-deposits, mainly because of its bearing on the question of persistence in depth or the replacement at lower levels of one ore by another, such as is known to occur in certain cases. It may be suggested, therefore, that the time has now come when it may be possible to attempt to combine the facts hitherto discovered along different lines of research into a coherent whole.

Edward Foyle Collingwood, 1900 - 1970

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 139-158
Keyword(s):  
Heart Attack ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Very Old ◽  
The Third ◽  
Older Brothers ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Year ◽  
Special Arrangement

Edward Foyle Collingwood was born on 17 January 1900 at Lilburn Tower, near Wooler, Northumberland, and died suddenly of a heart attack at Lilburn Tower on 25 October 1970. He came of a very old Northumberland family whose roots go back before 1600 and branches of it spread all over the country, but what is of much greater significance from the scientific point of view is that he was descended from John, the third brother of Admiral Lord Collingwood of Caldbourne and Hethpool, the two older brothers dying without issue. John’s only son, Edward John, bought Lilburn Tower in 1842 from the trustees of H. J. W. Collingwood of Cornhill, and was succeeded one after another by his three sons, Edward John, a bachelor who died in 1903, Arthur Burdett who died without issue in 1927, and Colonel Cuthbert George who had lived at Glanton Pyke and moved to Lilburn Tower in 1928. He immediately handed over the Lilburn Estates to his eldest son, Edward Foyle, the subject of this notice, who was in fact only three generations removed from the Admiral. Edward Foyle Collingwood’s mother Dorothy, still living at the time of writing, is the daughter of the Rev. William Fawcett of Somerford Keynes, Gloucestershire, and the name Foyle recalls her grandmother who was coheiress with her sister of the Somerford Keynes estate, and his mother was always a strong influence in the family. Three other sons were born in quick succession so that they formed a close-knit family and were able to do together all the usual country sports and pastimes of boys and did them well, especially shooting and fishing. Edward went to Osborne in 1913, Dartmouth in 1914, and a year later joined the Navy as a midshipman in H.M.S. Collingwood (by special arrangement). Two of his brothers survive him, Group Captain C. J. Collingwood who followed him through Osborne and Dartmouth just one year behind, and the youngest, Lieutenant-General Sir George Collingwood.

Problem aspects of mediation dispute resolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
Saida Assanova ◽  
Serikkali Tynybekov ◽  
Arkhat Abikenov ◽  
Sarsengaly Aldashev ◽  
Gulyiya Mukaldyeva
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Republic

Legal features of dispute resolution in the order of mediation are of particular in-terest in connection with the relatively new and unexamined, from a scientific point of view, phenomenon of modernity, arising from increasing processes of globalization and internationalization of legal systems, as well as scientific and technical progress. This article is devoted to the scientific study of the international legal regulation of such phenomena as mediation on the example of the analysis of the legislation of foreign countries, and law of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This article presents various points of view of international and Kazakh scientists on the subject of dispute resolution in the mediation procedure. It was concluded that the mediation has a number of advantages, which satisfies the need of a person, society and the state to solve conflicts quickly and efficiently with minimal losses.

scholarly journals The location of the visualization at the Diamond Record

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 83-115
Author(s):  
د. إيناس محمود عبد الله أبو سالم د. إيناس محمود عبد الله أبو سالم
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Logical Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Deep Thought ◽  
Living Being

abu Muhammad al-Sijlmassi, who lived in Morocco in the late seventh Hijri century (7 AH), considered as one of the greatest pioneers Moroccan rhetorical school ,he was creative as he wrote his book tagged (The adorable Inclination in gendering methods of prose) In AH 704 / AD 1304. (The adorable Inclination) 'is an innovative and serious book in criticism and rhetoric from a philosophical and logical point of view, in which Al Sijilmassi employed the mind, taste and culture between Arabic and Greek in the critical and rhetorical lesson, and came up with a new approach that is more understanding of Aristotelian theories in criticism and rhetoric. The aim of this study was to show the distinctive features of the book of the Inclination through a review of the most important of the topics classified by Al Sijlmassi under the science of the rhetoric - especially mentioning those related to poetry and capillarity and the main elements that Al Sijlmassi sees are the real components the capillarity of poetry and art and it`s beauty, where this was a reality In a type of (imagination) more than all other types, and therefore our study came to the gender of imagination more detailed and broaden than the rest of the genders of the book; because imagination is the subject of poetic formation, and this is field of our study. We did not forget to also observe any other species that may be a catalyst in the formation of poetry, occurred in a section other than the section of imagination, so the methodology of this study began with a quick view of the era of Al Sijlmassi and a brief on his biography, and his thought about the development of rhetoric in his time. Then we presented in the second section some of the features of the book and the new of Al Sijlmassi, which distinguish him, before we get to the third section, as soon as we enter it we get in his world and we begin our tour in it and what he inundates about the subject of imagination, which is our main subject of this study. It was found through the brief research that Al Sijlmassi is a pioneer in the field of criticism, rhetoric and literary theorem, resulted from the deep thought and deepening of the culture of both Arabic and Greek, as we have seen his progress in his vision of poetry and capillarity components, and the importance of providing imagination before anything else, so that poetry to be a Complete and vibrant living being. As we conclude from our study of the types of rhetoric Al Sijlmassi has, he monitored a lot of important pillars that revives the words and sentences and versification and transmit poetic blood in it, and thus create to the recipient pleasure, emotion and provocation. Finally, we hope that we have succeeded as much as our humble effort in going through a giant book!

scholarly journals ANALISIS STRUKTURAL OBJEKTIF DALAM NOVEL PESANTREN IMPIAN KARYA ASMA NADIA

EDU-KATA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Zumrotul Ilmiyah
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
The Third ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Rehabilitation Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Additional Figure

The research was conducted with the aim of (1) describing the objective structure aspects, (2) describing the value of moral education in the Asma Nadia Pesantren Impian novel. The object in this study is the aspect of objective structure and the value of moral education contained in the novel Pesantren Impian by Asma Nadia. The subject of his research was Asma Nadia's Dream Dream School. The instruments in this study were the researchers themselves, note books, ballpoint pens, and relevant books that could be used as reference material. Data collection techniques used by researchers used library techniques and note-taking techniques, namely by: (1) the researcher reads novel, (2) the author identifies the data, (3) records the results of the data relating to novel. The research method used by the researcher is the description method. The analysis technique used by researchers is the content technique of content analysis authors. The results of this study indicate that (1) the theme found in Asma Nadia's Pesantren Impian novel is the determination and effort of a woman to become a better person after undergoing a rehabilitation period in a pesantren. The main character is Girl, Rini is an additional figure, Teungku Umar, Teungku Hasan, Sinta and Santi. The background is divided into two types, namely the place setting and the time setting. The plot / groove used is a backlight or flash back. The point of view used is the third person's viewpoint of omniscience. (2) the value of moral education, namely respect, compassion and helpfulness.

scholarly journals The Delegated-Cooperative Democracy as an Alternative to the Crisis of Contemporary Democratic Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Tendai Chingore
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
Axel Honneth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

This article aims to analyze the issue of democracy the delegated cooperative democracy as an alternative to the crisis of contemporary democratic policies. At first, the theoretical premises that guide the theoretical framework that underlies the liquid-cooperative democratic model are exposed: starting from the philosophical reflections of John Dewey and Axel Honneth. In a second point of view, from procedural deliberative democracy to liquid-cooperative democracy: How can we redirect power to citizens in the context of today's democracies? In the third point we present the idea that lies behind the "spirit" of net-cooperative democracy as a credible alternative to democracies in the 21st Century. We consider this credible democratic model that can "rally" power to citizens. Methodologically, the work is based on deconstruction and reconstruction, accompanied by the reading, analysis and interpretation of texts that deal with the subject under study. It is concluded that the time has come to institute a democratic policy that can 'redouble' power in the hands of citizens in order to participate equally in public life, thereby minimizing the great social, political and economic inequalities prevailing in the various States considered democratic in the world and in Mozambique in particular.

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