scholarly journals Income distribution trends and future food demand

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1554) ◽  
pp. 2821-2834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Cirera ◽  
Edoardo Masset
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
World Food ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Pessimistic Scenario ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Food Budget ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Distribution Trends

This paper surveys the theoretical literature on the relationship between income distribution and food demand, and identifies main gaps of current food modelling techniques that affect the accuracy of food demand projections. At the heart of the relationship between income distribution and food demand is Engel's law. Engel's law establishes that as income increases, households' demand for food increases less than proportionally. A consequence of this law is that the particular shape of the distribution of income across individuals and countries affects the rate of growth of food demand. Our review of the literature suggests that existing models of food demand fail to incorporate the required Engel flexibility when (i) aggregating different food budget shares among households; and (ii) changing budget shares as income grows. We perform simple simulations to predict growth in food demand under alternative income distribution scenarios taking into account nonlinearity of food demand. Results suggest that (i) distributional effects are to be expected from changes in between-countries inequality, rather than within-country inequality; and (ii) simulations of an optimistic and a pessimistic scenario of income inequality suggest that world food demand in 2050 would be 2.7 per cent higher and 5.4 per cent lower than distributional-neutral growth, respectively.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Poverty and Economic Development: A Study on the Regions of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ay ◽  
Emine Fırat ◽  
Fatih Mangır
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Is Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The concept of development has been evaluated by several economic scholars within different historical processes. The meaning of the concept has changed towards the direction from a single theoretical perspective into a multi-theoretical perspective. One of these perspectives is alleviation of poverty. Poverty appears when people cannot meet basic needs for their lives. Poverty level is total amount of expenditure which is necessary to meet the basic needs. Poverty level is the determinant of welfare level of a country and its regions. Poverty numbers and poverty level are criteria indicating to what extent is development achieved. Income distribution is another issue which must be handled with poverty. Fair distribution of income must be an important policy in alleviating poverty. In this context, impact of income distribution must be positive on development level. In this study, the relationship between poverty and development has been presented within the context of Turkey and its regions.

scholarly journals Income Composition Inequality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ranaldi
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it introduces a novel inequality concept, named income composition inequality. Second, it constructs an indicator for its measurement. This paper argues that the study of income composition inequality across the income distribution allows for (i) novel political economy analysis of the evolution of economic systems and (ii) the technical assessment of the relationship between the functional and personal distribution of income. Following an empirical application on six European countries, this paper discusses possible avenues for future research on the matter, ranging from development issues to public finance. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)

scholarly journals DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM OS HOMICÍDIOS NA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO BRASIL

Revista LEVS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Maria NÓBREGA JR
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Homicide Rate ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reduction Percentage ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Resumo: Os homicídios no Nordeste crescem de forma linear e contínua há décadas. A literatura internacional e nacional sobre a violência aponta para a relação entre indicadores socioeconômicos e violência. Foi testado o nível da distribuição de renda em sua correlação com as taxas de homicídios na região nordeste do Brasil. Hipoteticamente acredita-se que a distribuição de renda melhora a vida das pessoas, o que as torna menos violentas e propícias a práticas de delitos e crimes. Utilizou-se, neste trabalho, dados em séries temporais com cruzamento de dados. O método foi estatístico/inferencial com a utilização do Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. Este coeficiente mede o nível de correlação entre duas variáveis, variando entre +1 e – 1. O resultado demonstrou alta correlação com significância estatística entre as variáveis (Gini vs. Taxas de homicídios) com sinal negativo na correlação. Ou seja, a concentração da renda sofreu expressiva redução percentual com o crescimento também expressivo das taxas de homicídios, o que levou a refutar a hipótese na qual distribuição de renda gera menos conflitos sociais. Palavras-chave: distribuição de renda, violência, taxas de homicídios, Gini. Abstract: Homicides in the Northeast grow linearly and continuously for decades. The national and international literature on violence points to the relationship between socioeconomic indicators and violence. It tested the level of income distribution in its correlation with homicide rates in northeastern Brazil. Hypothetically if we believe that the distribution of income improves people's lives, making them less violent and prone to practices of offenses and crimes. It was used in this work,  data series with data crossing. The method was statistical / inferential using the Pearson correlation coefficient. This coefficient measures the degree of correlation between two variables and it takes values between +1 and - 1. The results showed high correlation between variables (Gini vs. Rates of homicides) with a negative sign in the balance. The income suffered significant reduction percentage also with the significant increase in the homicide rate, which led to refute the hypothesis in which the distribution of income generates less social conflicts. Keywords: income distribution, violence, homicide rates, Gini.

scholarly journals Flattening the Kuznets Curve: The Consequences for Income Distribution of Development Strategy, Government Intervention, Income and the Rate of Growth

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav F. Papanek ◽  
Old Rich Kyn
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Simon Kuznets ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The relationship between growth and equity has been a disputed issue at least since Simon Kuznets [11] described it as U-shaped. Kuznets 's hypothesis that as per capita income rises income distribution would first become less equal and then more equal has been supported by a large array of empirical studies (e.g.: Bacha [4], Ahluwalia [3], Chenery et al. [7], Adelman and Morris [2], Cline [8], Paukert [23]. As a result, there are only a few propositions in economics which have wider acceptance. The Kuznets hypothesis, which applies to the secular process of development over several decades, has sometimes been cited as evidence that there is conflict between growth and equity. Alternative reasons were subsequently advanced for the conflict between these objectives. It was argued that there is also a trade-off between a high rate of growth and an equitable distribution of income, because the policies desirable for a high rate of growth involve strong incentives and rewards to the scarce factors in the hands of the rich.

Hydrocephalus in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeetendra P. Sah ◽  
Aaron W. Abrams ◽  
Geetha Chari ◽  
Craig Linden ◽  
Yaacov Anziska
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this article, we reported a case of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I noted to have tetraventricular hydrocephalus with Blake's pouch cyst at 8 months of age following intrathecal nusinersen therapy. The association of hydrocephalus with SMA is rarely reported in the literature. Development of hydrocephalus after intrathecal nusinersen therapy is also reported in some cases, but a cause–effect relationship is not yet established. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of a patient with SMA type I and hydrocephalus, to review similar cases reported in the literature, and to explore the relationship between nusinersen therapy and development of hydrocephalus. The clinical presentation and radiographic findings of the patient are described and a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted. The adverse effect of communicating hydrocephalus related to nusinersen therapy is being reported and the authors suggest carefully monitoring for features of hydrocephalus developing during the course of nusinersen therapy.

The State’s Role in Ensuring Fair Income Distribution in Vietnam Today: Some Issues from the Theory of Justice as Fairness by John Rawls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Economic Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

Fairness in income distribution is a factor that both motivates employees and contributes to maintaining social stability. In Vietnam, fair income distribution has been studied from various perspectives. In this article, through the analysis and synthesis of related documents and evidence, and from the perspective of economic philosophy, the author applies John Rawls’s Theory of Justice as Fairness to analyze some issues arising from the implementation of the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution from 1986 to present. These are unifying the perception of fairness in income distribution; solving the relationship between economic efficiency and social equality; ensuring benefits for the least-privileged people in society; and controlling income. On that basis, the author makes some recommendations to enhance the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution in Vietnam. Received 11thNovember 2019; Revised 10thApril 2020; Accepted 20th April 2020

By Popular Demand: The Effect of Public Opinion on Income Inequality

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Andersen ◽  
Anthony Heath ◽  
David Weakliem
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Reciprocal Causation ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between public support for wage differentials and actual income inequality using data from the World Values Surveys. The distribution of income is more equal in nations where public opinion is more egalitarian. There is some evidence that the opinions of people with higher incomes are more influential than those of people with low incomes. Although the estimated relationship is stronger in democracies, it is present even under non-democratic governments, and the hypothesis that effects are equal cannot be rejected. We consider the possibility of reciprocal causation by means of an instrumental variables analysis, which yields no evidence that income distribution affects opinion.

Obsessions and Delusions: Separate and Distinct, or Overlapping?

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Bermanzohn ◽  
Linda Porto ◽  
Phyllis B. Arlow ◽  
Sylvia Axelrod ◽  
Roslyn Stronger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Preliminary Attempt ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Determining Factor

AbstractThe convergence of obsessive and schizophrenic symptoms, particularly the blending of obsessional and delusional features into complex symptoms, calls for a clarification of the relationship between obsessions and delusions, which are usually thought of as separate and distinct, even opposite entities. This brief review is a preliminary attempt to assess some of the difficult issues raised by these phenomena.We evaluate obsessions and delusions, and how they may overlap. A patient's degree of insight has been deemed a determining factor in distinguishing between these primary symptoms. However, our review of the literature shows that a definite distinction between obsessions and delusions cannot be made solely on the basis of insight.

scholarly journals Cognitive Functioning and Late-Life Depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Koenig ◽  
Rishi K. Bhalla ◽  
Meryl A. Butters
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis brief report provides an introduction to the topic of cognitive functioning in late-life depression (LLD). In addition to providing a review of the literature, we present a framework for understanding the heterogeneity of cognitive outcomes in this highly prevalent disorder. In addition, we discuss the relationship between LLD and dementia, and highlight the importance of regularly assessing cognitive functioning in older adults who present with depressive symptoms. If cognitive deficits are discovered during a neuropsychological assessment, we recommend referral to a geriatric psychiatrist or cognitive neurologist, for evaluation and treatment of the patient’s symptoms. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–7)

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