scholarly journals DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM OS HOMICÍDIOS NA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO BRASIL

Revista LEVS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Maria NÓBREGA JR
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Homicide Rate ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reduction Percentage ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Resumo: Os homicídios no Nordeste crescem de forma linear e contínua há décadas. A literatura internacional e nacional sobre a violência aponta para a relação entre indicadores socioeconômicos e violência. Foi testado o nível da distribuição de renda em sua correlação com as taxas de homicídios na região nordeste do Brasil. Hipoteticamente acredita-se que a distribuição de renda melhora a vida das pessoas, o que as torna menos violentas e propícias a práticas de delitos e crimes. Utilizou-se, neste trabalho, dados em séries temporais com cruzamento de dados. O método foi estatístico/inferencial com a utilização do Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. Este coeficiente mede o nível de correlação entre duas variáveis, variando entre +1 e – 1. O resultado demonstrou alta correlação com significância estatística entre as variáveis (Gini vs. Taxas de homicídios) com sinal negativo na correlação. Ou seja, a concentração da renda sofreu expressiva redução percentual com o crescimento também expressivo das taxas de homicídios, o que levou a refutar a hipótese na qual distribuição de renda gera menos conflitos sociais. Palavras-chave: distribuição de renda, violência, taxas de homicídios, Gini. Abstract: Homicides in the Northeast grow linearly and continuously for decades. The national and international literature on violence points to the relationship between socioeconomic indicators and violence. It tested the level of income distribution in its correlation with homicide rates in northeastern Brazil. Hypothetically if we believe that the distribution of income improves people's lives, making them less violent and prone to practices of offenses and crimes. It was used in this work,  data series with data crossing. The method was statistical / inferential using the Pearson correlation coefficient. This coefficient measures the degree of correlation between two variables and it takes values between +1 and - 1. The results showed high correlation between variables (Gini vs. Rates of homicides) with a negative sign in the balance. The income suffered significant reduction percentage also with the significant increase in the homicide rate, which led to refute the hypothesis in which the distribution of income generates less social conflicts. Keywords: income distribution, violence, homicide rates, Gini.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Poverty and Economic Development: A Study on the Regions of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ay ◽  
Emine Fırat ◽  
Fatih Mangır
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Is Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The concept of development has been evaluated by several economic scholars within different historical processes. The meaning of the concept has changed towards the direction from a single theoretical perspective into a multi-theoretical perspective. One of these perspectives is alleviation of poverty. Poverty appears when people cannot meet basic needs for their lives. Poverty level is total amount of expenditure which is necessary to meet the basic needs. Poverty level is the determinant of welfare level of a country and its regions. Poverty numbers and poverty level are criteria indicating to what extent is development achieved. Income distribution is another issue which must be handled with poverty. Fair distribution of income must be an important policy in alleviating poverty. In this context, impact of income distribution must be positive on development level. In this study, the relationship between poverty and development has been presented within the context of Turkey and its regions.

scholarly journals Income Composition Inequality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ranaldi
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it introduces a novel inequality concept, named income composition inequality. Second, it constructs an indicator for its measurement. This paper argues that the study of income composition inequality across the income distribution allows for (i) novel political economy analysis of the evolution of economic systems and (ii) the technical assessment of the relationship between the functional and personal distribution of income. Following an empirical application on six European countries, this paper discusses possible avenues for future research on the matter, ranging from development issues to public finance. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)

The relationship between stock prices and exchange rates in Asian markets

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Billah Dar ◽  
Aasif Shah ◽  
Niyati Bhanja ◽  
Amaresh Samantaraya
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complete Representation ◽  
Classical Methodology ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to estimate the relationship between stock prices and exchange rates of eight Asian countries. The analysis is based on methodologies that possess the ability to provide a complete representation of data series from both time and frequency perspectives simultaneously. In addition, instead of limiting the analysis to focus on the conditional mean of the response variable y in the regression equation, the authors investigate the extremes of distribution to reveal a range of hidden relationships between these variables. Design/methodology/approach – Given the limitations of classical methodology of Pearson correlation and least-squares regression, this study estimates the relationship between stock prices and exchange rates through wavelet correlation and cross-correlation to serve as a protocol for different traders who view the market with different time resolutions. In addition, quantile regression technique robust to heteroscedasticity, skewness and leptokurtosis is used to understand the relationship between stock prices and a specified quantile of the exchange rates. Findings – In accordance with the portfolio balance effect, it is observed that stock prices and exchange rates are negatively correlated at all frequencies. In particular, the negative correlation grows with higher time scales (lower frequency intervals). The findings from quantile regression also suggest that the coefficients are more inclined to be negative when exchange rates are extremely high. Originality value – The paper contributes to the literature by focussing on the multi-scale relationship between stock prices and exchange rates. In addition, it also analyzes the relationship between stock prices and a specified quantile of the exchange rates.

Women who are Murdered: An Analysis of 912 Consecutive Victims

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Humphrey ◽  
R. Page Hudson ◽  
Steven Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Homicide Rate ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Death Scene ◽  
Homicide Victimization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

This study analyzes all female homicide victims (912) in the State of North Carolina during the five year period 1972 through 1976. Verkko's static and dynamic laws of the relationship between sex and homicide victimization are investigated. The static law states that in places where homicide rates are high, female victimization tends to be low. The dynamic law holds that increases or decreases in the frequency of homicide primarily affects the male population. The findings do not support either of Verkko's laws. The sex ratio of homicide victims in North Carolina, a state with an above average homicide rate, is lower than that for the U.S. in general. The rate of victimization for both females and males has declined about the same percentage over the five years studied. Further analysis of individual characteristics of the victims and circumstances which surrounded the death scene itself are provided. Comparisons are made between female homicide victims and their male counterparts. Profiles of typical and atypical female homicides are drawn. The trends in homicide victimization over the five years under analysis are discussed.

scholarly journals A TAXA DE HOMICÍDIO EXPLICA A ESCOLHA DO ELEITOR?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 478-496
Author(s):  
Adriano Oliveira ◽  
Flávia Barros Souza
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Homicide Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Voter Behavior ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Electoral Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Taxas de homicídios explicam o desempenho eleitoral de governadores candidatos à reeleição? Este trabalho analisa a relação entre as taxas de homicídios e a reeleição de governadores no Brasil no período de 1998 a 2014. A pesquisa toma como premissas a compreensão das escolhas do eleitor a partir da racionalidade de suas ações e suas emoções, considerando que o mesmo está inserido num determinado contexto e percorre uma trajetória eleitoral. A pesquisa trabalha com a hipótese de que quanto maior a taxa de homicídio no Estado, menor o número de governadores reeleitos durante o período. Utilizamos da estatística descritiva para apresentar os dados e testes estatísticos para comprovar a hipótese apresentada.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comportamento do eleitor, taxa de homicídio, reeleição.     ABSTRACT Do Homicide Rates Explain the Electoral Performance of Reelection Governors? This study analyzes the relationship between homicide rates and reelection of governors in Brazil from 1998 to 2014. The research assumes the understanding of voters' choices based on the rationality of their actions and their emotions, considering that the same is inserted in a specific context and goes through an electoral trajectory. The research works with the hypothesis that the higher the homicide rate in the State, the lower the number of governors reelected during the period. We used the descriptive statistics to present the data and statistical tests to prove the hypothesis presented.   KEYWORDS: Voter behavior, homicide rate, reelection.     RESUMEN ¿Las tasas de homicidios explican el desempeño electoral de gobernadores candidatos a la reelección? Este trabajo analiza la relación entre las tasas de homicidios y la reelección de gobernadores en Brasil en el período de 1998 a 2014. La investigación toma como premisas la comprensión de las elecciones del elector a partir de la racionalidad de sus acciones y sus emociones, considerando que el mismo, se inserta en un determinado contexto y recorre una trayectoria electoral. La investigación trabaja con la hipótesis de que cuanto mayor es la tasa de homicidio en el Estado, menor el número de gobernadores reelegidos durante el período. Utilizamos la estadística descriptiva para presentar los datos y pruebas estadísticas para comprobar la hipótesis presentada.   PALABRAS CLAVE: Comportamiento del elector, tasa de homicidio, reelección.  

scholarly journals The relationship between earnings and labour productivity in textile industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Popovici Norina ◽  
Moraru Camelia ◽  
MUNTEANU IRENA
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Average Earning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Earnings and labor productivity are important economic indicators, the relationship between them being analyzed by economists, employers and policy makers. The relationship between earnings and labor productivity is important for each region or economic sector, because it influences the living standard and the distribution of income between labor and capital. This paper analyzes the link between gross average earning and labor productivity in the textile industry during 2005‒2016 in Romania. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive, but moderate correlation between gross average earning and labor productivity. For this purpose were used statistical-econometric methods to verify the normality of data series distribution and the existence of a correlation between the indicators analyzed.

scholarly journals Income distribution trends and future food demand

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1554) ◽  
pp. 2821-2834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Cirera ◽  
Edoardo Masset
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
World Food ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Pessimistic Scenario ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Food Budget ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Distribution Trends

This paper surveys the theoretical literature on the relationship between income distribution and food demand, and identifies main gaps of current food modelling techniques that affect the accuracy of food demand projections. At the heart of the relationship between income distribution and food demand is Engel's law. Engel's law establishes that as income increases, households' demand for food increases less than proportionally. A consequence of this law is that the particular shape of the distribution of income across individuals and countries affects the rate of growth of food demand. Our review of the literature suggests that existing models of food demand fail to incorporate the required Engel flexibility when (i) aggregating different food budget shares among households; and (ii) changing budget shares as income grows. We perform simple simulations to predict growth in food demand under alternative income distribution scenarios taking into account nonlinearity of food demand. Results suggest that (i) distributional effects are to be expected from changes in between-countries inequality, rather than within-country inequality; and (ii) simulations of an optimistic and a pessimistic scenario of income inequality suggest that world food demand in 2050 would be 2.7 per cent higher and 5.4 per cent lower than distributional-neutral growth, respectively.

scholarly journals Flattening the Kuznets Curve: The Consequences for Income Distribution of Development Strategy, Government Intervention, Income and the Rate of Growth

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav F. Papanek ◽  
Old Rich Kyn
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Simon Kuznets ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The relationship between growth and equity has been a disputed issue at least since Simon Kuznets [11] described it as U-shaped. Kuznets 's hypothesis that as per capita income rises income distribution would first become less equal and then more equal has been supported by a large array of empirical studies (e.g.: Bacha [4], Ahluwalia [3], Chenery et al. [7], Adelman and Morris [2], Cline [8], Paukert [23]. As a result, there are only a few propositions in economics which have wider acceptance. The Kuznets hypothesis, which applies to the secular process of development over several decades, has sometimes been cited as evidence that there is conflict between growth and equity. Alternative reasons were subsequently advanced for the conflict between these objectives. It was argued that there is also a trade-off between a high rate of growth and an equitable distribution of income, because the policies desirable for a high rate of growth involve strong incentives and rewards to the scarce factors in the hands of the rich.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

The State’s Role in Ensuring Fair Income Distribution in Vietnam Today: Some Issues from the Theory of Justice as Fairness by John Rawls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Economic Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

Fairness in income distribution is a factor that both motivates employees and contributes to maintaining social stability. In Vietnam, fair income distribution has been studied from various perspectives. In this article, through the analysis and synthesis of related documents and evidence, and from the perspective of economic philosophy, the author applies John Rawls’s Theory of Justice as Fairness to analyze some issues arising from the implementation of the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution from 1986 to present. These are unifying the perception of fairness in income distribution; solving the relationship between economic efficiency and social equality; ensuring benefits for the least-privileged people in society; and controlling income. On that basis, the author makes some recommendations to enhance the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution in Vietnam. Received 11thNovember 2019; Revised 10thApril 2020; Accepted 20th April 2020

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