scholarly journals An unusual aspartic acid cluster in the reovirus attachment fiber σ1 mediates stability at low pH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Glorani ◽  
Max Ruwolt ◽  
Nicole Holton ◽  
Ursula Neu
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
The Body ◽  
Attachment Protein ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trimer Formation

ABSTRACTThe reovirus attachment protein σ1 mediates cell attachment and receptor binding and is thought to undergo conformational changes during viral disassembly. σ1 is a trimeric filamentous protein with an α-helical coil-coiled Tail, a triple β-spiral Body, and a globular Head. The Head domain features an unusual and conserved aspartic acid cluster at the trimer interface, which forms the only significant intra-trimer interactions in the Head, and must be protonated to allow trimer formation.Here we show that all domains of σ1 are remarkably thermostable across a wide range of pH, even at the low pH of the stomach. Interestingly, we determine the optimal pH for stability to be between pH 5-6, a value close to the pH of the endosome and of the jejunum. The σ1 Head is stable at acidic and neutral pH, but detrimerizes at basic pH. When Asp345 in the aspartic acid cluster is mutated to asparagine, the σ1 Head loses stability at low pH and is more prone to detrimerize. Overall, the presence of the Body stabilizes the σ1 Head.Our results confirm a role of the aspartic acid cluster as a pH-dependent molecular switch, and highlight its role in enhancing σ1 stability at low pH.

The stability of onoratoite, Sb8O11Cl2, in the supergene environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1671-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Roper ◽  
Peter Leverett ◽  
Timothy D. Murphy ◽  
Peter A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Supergene Zone ◽  
A Value ◽  
Solubility Studies ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Very High

AbstractSynthesis and solubility studies of onoratoite have been undertaken to determine the role of this rare secondary phase in the immobilization of Sb and the conditions responsible for its formation in the supergene zone. Solubility studies were undertaken at 298.15 K. A value of ΔGfθ (Sb8O11Cl2, s, 298.15 K) = –2576 ±12 kJ mol–1 was derived. Calculations involving sénarmontite, Sb2O3, klebelsbergite, Sb4O4SO4(OH)2 and schafarzikite, FeSb2O4, show that onoratoite is a thermodynamically stable phase only at negligible activities of SO42–(aq) and low activities of Fe2+(aq), at low pH and very high activities of Cl–(aq). This explains why onoratoite is such a rare secondary phase and why it cannot exert any significant influence on the dispersion of Sb in the supergene environment.

The generative role of curiosity in soft skills development for contemporary VUCA environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-751
Author(s):  
Alison Horstmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Soft Skill ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Value ◽  
Skill Gaps ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis paper examines the role of curiosity in volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) work contexts.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual article relied upon an examination of literature about curiosity, VUCA and soft skills.FindingsCuriosity, when encouraged and supported within the workforce, may aid organizations in closing soft skill gaps and better navigating ambiguity, perpetually changing business landscapes, and rapidly advancing technology.Research limitations/implicationsEmpirical research is needed to validate, confirm and further explicate the specific mechanisms and value of curiosity within VUCA environments.Practical implicationsOrganizations need to move beyond espousing a value of curiosity to deliberately and effectively cultivating and supporting it within their employees.Originality/valueAlthough ample research and literature has examined curiosity, soft skills and VUCA environments independently, the body of literature on the specific role of curiosity in such environments is limited.

scholarly journals Pacification and Indigenous Struggles in Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tia Dafnos
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Indigenous Resistance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Information Requests

Front-line police operations are deeply entwined with less visible activities – or practices not commonly identified as policing – that are carried out by a wide range of participants as strategies of settler-colonial pacification operating through the organizing logics of security and liberal legalism. Using open source texts and records obtained through access to information requests, this article unmaps some of the contemporary strategies employed by Canadian institutions to pacify Indigenous resistance. As a contribution to the body of work seeking to develop the politics of anti-security, the analysis disrupts the binary categories that animate security logic by examining the public order policing approach of the Ontario Provincial Police, the framing of Indigenous resistance as a security threat, and the integral role of Indian Affairs in securing the settler-state.

Distribution of antithrombin III in rabbits: role of host and protein

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. R457-R461
Author(s):  
E. Regoeczi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unknown Mechanism ◽  
A Value ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Body Compartments ◽  
The Relationship

Unlike in the case of some other species, the plasma curve of iodine-labeled antithrombin III (I-AT-III) in rabbits requires fitting with a three-term exponential function for obtaining reliable estimates of the catabolic rate and distribution of I-AT-III among various body compartments (Carlson, Atencio, and Simon. J. Clin. Invest. 74: 191-199, 1984). To decide whether this phenomenon is referable to the host or the protein, the behavior of rabbit and human I-AT-III was comparatively analyzed in rabbits. Data obtained with rabbit I-AT-III confirmed the findings by Carlson and co-workers. Human I-AT-III assumed a distribution that closely paralleled that of homologous I-AT-III, thus suggesting that the pattern of distribution is determined by the host species rather than its AT-III. Rabbits metabolized human I-AT-III 1.61 times faster than homologous I-AT-III by an unknown mechanism not involving immune response; a facet that may prove useful for the identification of the sites of catabolism of AT-III. The exponent of the body weight was calculated for the relationship between species size and AT-III turnover. A value of 0.5 was obtained that is distinctly lower than the exponents found earlier for some other plasma proteins.

Effects of Aluminum on the Leopard Frog, Rana pipiens: Life Stag Comparisons and Aluminum Uptake

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Freda ◽  
D. Gordon McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Percent Mortality

In this study, we conducted a series of toxicity tests investigating the response of embryos, prestage 25 tadpoles and 3-wk old tadpoles of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) to a wide range pf pH (4.2–4.8) and Al (0–1000 μg∙:L−1}, and to pH 6.5 with no Al present. In embryos and prestage 25 tadpoles, Al ameliorated the toxic effects of very low pH's (4.2–4.4), while becoming toxic at higher pH's (4.6–4.8). Although both embryos and prestage 25 tadpoles were killed by low pH (pH 4.2–4.4 and 4.2, respectively) and elevated Al ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] Al, respectively), embryos were relatively more sensitive (i.e. higher percent mortality) to low pH, whereas prestage 25 tadpoles were relatively more sensitive to Al Three week old tadpoles did not die at any test pH (without Al) and mortality (>20%) caused by Al occurred at only pH 4.8 and 750–1000 μg∙L−1 Al. The body sodium concentrations of 3-wk old tadpoles that survived high Al exposure were depressed indicating sublethal stress. Whole body Al uptake in 3-wk old tadpoles was also elevated in water containing high concentrations of Al, but it was positively related to water pH and exposure time. This result suggests that body Al content is not an accurate indicator of Al exposure in tadpoles living in acidic, Al contaminated ponds.

The Bodily Self

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Bermúdez
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Significant Contributor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Selection Of

How can we be aware of ourselves both as physical objects and as thinking, experiencing subjects? What role does the experience of the body play in generating our sense of self? What is the role of action and agency in the construction of the bodily self? These questions have been a rich subject of interdisciplinary debate among philosophers, neuroscientists, experimental psychologists, and cognitive scientists for several decades. José Luis Bermúdez been a significant contributor to these debates since the 1990’s, when he authored The Paradox of Self-Consciousness (MIT Press, 1998) and co-edited The Body and the Self (MIT Press, 1995) with Anthony Marcel and Naomi Eilan. The Bodily Self is a selection of essays all focused on different aspects of the role of the body in self-consciousness, prefaced by a substantial introduction outlining common themes across the essays. The essays have been published in a wide range of journals and edited volumes. Putting them together brings out a wide-ranging, thematically consistent perspective on a set of topics and problems that remain firmly of interest across the cognitive and behavioral sciences.

Mimi Nichter, Fat talk: What girls and their parents say about dieting. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000. Pp. xi, 263. Hb $22.95.

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-815
Author(s):  
Mary Bucholtz
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Talk ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medical Anthropologist ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Equal Interest

The relationship between language and the body has become an increasingly prominent area of research within linguistics and related disciplines. Some investigators of this question have examined how facts about the human body are encoded in linguistic structure, while others have explored the use of the body as a communicative resource in interaction. Surprisingly little, however, has been written about the role of language in constructing the body as a social object. In Fat talk, Mimi Nichter, a medical anthropologist, addresses this issue by examining the discourse of dieting among American teenage girls. Although language itself is not the center of the analysis, Nichter draws on a wide range of sociolinguistic research to investigate how the body is constructed through talk – a question that will be of equal interest to scholars of language, culture, and society.

scholarly journals Role of Rasa Vaha Srotas Dushti in Tvak Vikruti

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Y. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Internal System ◽  
Wide Range

wholesome management of disease states which include diet, habit and medicine for total reversal of disease. Skin is the largest part of the body which is the protective covering as well as a reflection of the internal system. In Ayurveda various dermatological diseases discussed with its etiopathogenesis, classification and management and also described the wide range of etiological factors for Skin diseases including dietary habits and psychosocial factors. Tvak is the reflection of rasa dhatu sarata, hence any derangement in rasa dhatu function directly implies vitiation of quality of skin. The review is to unveil the importance of rasa dhatu dushti assessment in tvak roga which can help in both treatment aspects i.e. nidana parivarjana and samprapti vighattana.

Smell in Eighteenth-Century England

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Tullett
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodological Ground

In England during the period between the 1670s and the 1820s a transformation took place in how smell and the senses were viewed. This book traces that transformation. The role of smell in creating medical and scientific knowledge came under intense scrutiny and the equation of smell with disease was actively questioned. Yet a new interest in smell’s emotive and idiosyncratic dimensions offered odours a new power in the sociable spaces of eighteenth-century England. Using a wide range of sources from diaries, letters, and sanitary records to satirical prints, consumer objects, and magazines, William Tullett traces how individuals and communities perceived the smells around them. From paint and perfume to onions and farts, this book highlights the smells that were good for eighteenth-century writers to think with. In doing so, the study challenges a popular, influential, and often cited narrative. Smell in Eighteenth-Century England is not a tale of the medicalization and deodorization of English olfactory culture. Instead, the book demonstrates that it was a new recognition of smell’s asocial-sociability, its capacity to create atmospheres of uncomfortable intimacy, that transformed the relationship between the senses and society. To trace this shift, the book also breaks new methodological ground. Smell in Eighteenth-Century England makes the case for new ways of thinking about the history of the senses, experience, and the body. Understanding the way past peoples perceived their world involves tracing processes of habituation, sensitization, and attention. These processes help explain which odours entered the archive and why they did so. They force us to recognise that the past was, for those who lived there, not just a place of unmitigated stench

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