scholarly journals Molecular effects of mannanase-hydrolyzed coprameal to intestinal immunity in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanilada Rungrassamee ◽  
Sopacha Arayamethakorn ◽  
Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri ◽  
Shih-Chu Chen ◽  
Eric Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractTo mitigate disease outbreak, an alternative approach through enhancing shrimp immunity was explored. Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) have been previously reported to enhance shrimp immune system. Here, coprameal samples were digested with mannanase to yield MOS, namely, mannanase-hydrolyzed coprameal (MCM) and feasibility of MCM as shrimp immunostimulant in grow-out ponds was determined. Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were fed with the commercial diet containing 1% MCM as the MCM-supplemented group and compared to the non-MCM control diet. There was no significant difference in survival rates between the MCM-supplemented and the control groups throughout the 4-month-period of the trial (p > 0.05). Gene expression analysis in shrimp intestines revealed that the transcript levels of antimicrobial peptides (anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 1 (alf1), penaeidin (pen3a) and crustin (crus)) and lysozymes (lyz) were not significantly different in the MCM-supplemented group. Meanwhile, C-type lectin and toll-like receptor transcript levels, whose gene products play roles as pattern recognition proteins, were significantly higher in a group fed with MCM for 2- and 4-month periods than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The increased transcript levels of C-type lectin and toll-like receptor provide evidence for potential implementation of MCM as feed supplement to modulate shrimp immune system.

scholarly journals The digestibility of biofloc meal from African catfish culture medium as a feed raw material for Pacific white shrimp

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Ekasari ◽  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
Putri Elas ◽  
Reza Karunia Senja
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to evaluate the digestibility of biofloc meal collected from catfish culture as a feed raw material for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei diet. A basal feed with 43% crude protein content was used as a control diet and mixed with 2% of binders and 0.5 % of Cr2O3 as a marker for digestibility. The experimental diets were made by mixing 67.5% of the basal diet with 30% of biofloc meal, 2% of binders and 0.5 % of Cr2O3. Nine units of glass tanks (90 cm ×40 cm× 35 cm) filled with 100 L seawater were used as the experimental culture units. White shrimp with an average body weight of 5.61 ± 0.09 g was randomly distributed to each experimental tank at a density of 20 shrimp/tank. The feed was offered at a level of 5% shrimp biomass per day at a frequency of four times a day. The results showed that the dry matter digestibility of feed with 30% biofloc meal in shrimp were similar to that of the reference diet. However, protein and fat digestibility of feed containing biofloc meal were considerably higher than those of the reference diet. Feeding shrimp with 30% biofloc meal diet resulted in higher survival and specific growth rate and lower feed conversion ratio than those of the control. The digestibility of bioflocs dry matter, protein and lipid in Pacific white shrimp obtained in this study were 54.9%, 76.3% and 79.3%, respectively.Keywords: biofloc, digestibility, catfish, shrimp  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan tepung bioflok yang diambil dari media pemeliharaan ikan lele sebagai bahan pakan udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei. Pakan yang mengandung kadar protein 43% digunakan sebagai pakan control dan dicampur dengan 2% binder dan 0.5% Cr2O3 sebagai marker untuk kecernaan. Pakan perlakuan dibuat dengan mencampurkan 67.5% pakan control dengan 30% tepung bioflok, 2% binder dan 0.5% Cr2O3. Penelitian menggunakan sembilan unit akuarium (90 cm ×40 cm ×35 cm) yang diisi 100 L air laut. Udang vaname dengan bobot rata-rata 5.61 ± 0.09 g ditebar secara acak pada setiap akuarium perlakuan pada kepadatan 20 ekor/akuarium. Pakan diberikan dengan tingkat pemberian pakan 5% biomassa per hari sebanyak empat kali sehari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kecernaan pakan dengan 30% tepung bioflok tidak berbeda nyata dengan pakan acuan. Namun kecernaan protein dan lemak pakan yang mengandung tepung bioflok terlihat lebih tinggi daripada pakan kontrol. Pemberian pakan dengan tepung bioflok sebanyak 30% juga menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan spesifik udang dan rasio konversi pakan yang lebih baik daripada udang yang diberi pakan kontrol. Kecernaan bahan, protein dan lemak tepung bioflok pada udang yang didapat dalam penelitian masing-masing adalah 54.9%, 76.3% dan 79.3%.Kata-kata kunci: bioflok, ikan lele, kecernaan, udang 

scholarly journals Replacing Fishmeal With Palm Kernel Meal In Formulated Feed For The Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Nawwar Zawani Mamat ◽  
Norsila Daim ◽  
Nawwar Zawani Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Utilisation of plant proteins to replace fish meal in shrimp feeds has become an important consideration because fish meal is becoming more expensive due to increasing demand worldwide. The potential use of palm kernel meal (PKM) in this study to substitute fish meal in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diets was evaluated by conducting a 90-day feeding trial. Shrimp juveniles with an initial average weight of 0.5 g, protein content of 10.74±0.70% were randomly distributed into five treatments in triplicates. Four isonitrogenous (approximately 35% protein) diets were formulated to contain 0% (D0), 25% (D25), 50% (D50) and 75% (D75) of PKM replacement and a commercial feed served as control treatment (Control). Results from this study revealed that shrimps fed D25 were comparable with those fed with Control as there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) between the groups. However, PKM inclusions above 50% showed detrimental effects on the growth performance. The highest total protein percent was observed in shrimp tissues fed with D25 (67.59±0.87%) and D75 showed the lowest protein among the treatments (57.4±0.63%) (p<0.05). Total lipid content was observed high in shrimps fed with Control (4.33±2.96%) and decreased with PKM replacement levels. The highest carbohydrate was found in shrimps fed with D75 (16.75±0.04%) and the lowest was found in shrimps fed with D25 (14.67±0.07%). When PKM is utilised to replace FM, a limit of 25% level should be recommended.

Use of Cold Atmospheric Plasma To Preserve the Quality of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1217-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE ANGELIS de SOUZA SILVA ◽  
MARIA CARLA da SILVA CAMPELO ◽  
LUCAS de OLIVEIRA SOARES REBOUÇAS ◽  
JUSSIER de OLIVEIRA VITORIANO ◽  
CLODOMIRO ALVES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Enzymatic Oxidation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group

ABSTRACT The enzymatic oxidation process that causes black spots on shrimp, named melanosis, leads to spoilage and economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need for strategies to reduce melanosis in the food industry. Cold plasma is an emerging nonthermal food processing technology. This work explores a novel application of cold plasma for the preservation of shrimp quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cold plasma on the quality attributes of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The shrimp samples were divided in two groups: the control group and the plasma group. Samples were exposed to nonthermal plasma for 10 min at a frequency of 500 Hz. Microbiological assays, including total counts of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, Staphylococcus spp., and Salmonella sp., were performed along with investigations of physicochemical parameters, such as pH, color, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and shear force. In addition, sensory (quality index method) tests were conducted. The plasma group exhibited a shelf life of 14.07 days, while the control group exhibited a shelf life of 9.78 days. The experimental protocol used in this study was not enough to obtain significant reduction in the bacterial load. However, treatment with the cold plasma contributed to improving the physicochemical properties during storage. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Astaxanthin Attenuates Fish Oil-Related Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Insult in Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Yu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Peng Yin ◽  
Weiwen Zhou ◽  
Lixia Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oxidized Fish Oil

The present study investigated the effect of dietary astaxanthin (AX) on the growth performance, antioxidant parameters, and repair of hepatopancreas damage in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). To evaluate the hepatopancreas protective function of AX in shrimps, we compared the effect of five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets under oxidized fish oil conditions with varying AX levels during the 50-day experimental period. The formulated diets were as follows: (i) OFO (oxidized fish oil); (ii) OFO/AX150 (oxidized fish oil + AX150 mg/kg); (iii) OFO/AX250 (oxidized fish oil + AX250 mg/kg); (iv) OFO/AX450 (oxidized fish oil + AX450 mg/kg); and, (v) control group (fresh fish oil). Results showed that the oxidized fish oil with 275.2 meq/kg peroxide value (POV) resulted in a substantial decrease in the final body weight of L. vannamei (P > 0.05) and induced some visible histopathological alterations in the hepatopancreas. Growth performance was significantly higher in shrimps fed with the OFO/AX450 diet than those fed with the OFO diet (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed when the OFO/AX450 diet was compared to the control diet containing fresh fish oil (p > 0.05). Moreover, shrimps under the OFO/AX450 diet displayed a significant improvement in hepatopancreatic health and showed a reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to those under the OFO diet (p < 0.05). Dietary AX improved the antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei by increasing the catalase (CAT) activity in the hemolymph. Acute salinity change test showed a higher shrimp survival rate under OFO/AX450 diet than the OFO diet (p < 0.05), suggesting that AX can contribute to enhanced stress tolerance. In conclusion, our data suggest that AX confers dose-dependent protection against OFO-induced oxidative insults and hepatopancreatic damage in shrimp.

scholarly journals Micro-Aid Liquid 10 Promotes Growth Performance and Health Status of White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Kuo-Chin Huang ◽  
Jai-Wei Lee ◽  
Ya-Li Shiu ◽  
Rolissa Ballantyne ◽  
Chun-Hung Liu
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the Micro-Aid Liquid 10 (MAL10) (DPI Global, Porterville, CA, USA), a product made from yucca extract, on growth performance, gut microbiota, and resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei against infectious disease caused by Vibrio alginolyticus. MAL10 was added to shrimp rearing water at different levels of 0 (control), 0.25 mL m3−1 (W0.25), 0.5 mL m3−1 (W0.5), 1 mL m3−1 (W1), and 5 mL m3−1 (W5), respectively, once per week for 70 days. Growth performances, including final body weight, specific growth rate, average daily growth and percentage of weight gain, were significantly improved by adding the MAL10 at levels up to 5 mL m3−1, which may be due to the proliferation of B cells in hepatopancreas of MAL10-treated shrimp. No significant differences in the total viable count and Vibrio-like count in the gut of shrimp were recorded by spread plate method. In the challenge test, shrimp reared in the water supplemented with MAL10 at levels of 1–5 mL m3−1 had significantly lower cumulative mortality after a challenge test with V. alginolyticus compared to shrimp reared in the control, W0.25 and W0.5 groups. Next-generation sequencing indicated that the relative distribution of phylum Proteobacteria in control (80.4%) was higher than the W (77.4%). The proportion of Vibrio was primarily dominant genera in the shrimp intestine and highest in the control group compared to the W group, followed by Spongiimonas, Motilimonas, Demequina, and Shewanella genera. Although there was no statistically significant difference, higher α-diversity indices were recorded in the W5-treated group than in the control group. Therefore, it is considered that MAL10 could be used as a natural alternative in shrimp aquaculture to reduce the risk of infectious disease caused by pathogenic Vibrio and improve the growth performance of white shrimp.

scholarly journals Comparison of Gene Expression Between Resistant and Susceptible Families Against VPAHPND and Identification of Biomarkers Used for Resistance Evaluation in Litopenaeus vannamei

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zheng Luo ◽  
Jianhai Xiang ◽  
Fuhua Li
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Significant Difference

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) has caused a heavy loss to shrimp aquaculture since its outbreak. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND) is regarded as one of the main pathogens that caused AHPND in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In order to learn more about the mechanism of resistance to AHPND, the resistant and susceptible shrimp families were obtained through genetic breeding, and comparative transcriptome approach was used to analyze the gene expression patterns between resistant and susceptible families. A total of 95 families were subjected to VPAHPND challenge test, and significant variations in the resistance of these families were observed. Three pairs of resistant and susceptible families were selected for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 489 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that presented in at least two pairwise comparisons were screened, including 196 DEGs highly expressed in the susceptible families and 293 DEGs in the resistant families. Among these DEGs, 16 genes demonstrated significant difference in all three pairwise comparisons. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of all 27,331 expressed genes indicated that some energy metabolism processes were enriched in the resistant families, while signal transduction and immune system were enriched in the susceptible families. A total of 32 DEGs were further confirmed in the offspring of the detected families, among which 19 genes were successfully verified. The identified genes in this study will be useful for clarifying the genetic mechanism of shrimp resistance against Vibrio and will further provide molecular markers for evaluating the disease resistance of shrimp in the breeding program.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharides on Non-Specific Immunity, Intestinal Health, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Jinzhu Yang ◽  
Gang Lin ◽  
Mingzhu Li ◽  
Ronghua Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Mucin 1 ◽  
Intestinal Mucin

This study was conducted to comprehensively investigate the beneficial effects of a mannan oligosaccharide product (hereinafter called MOS) on Litopenaeus vannamei and optimum level of MOS. Five isonitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated by adding 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.16% MOS in the basal diet. Each diet was randomly fed to one group with four replicates of shrimp in an 8-week feeding trial. The results showed that dietary MOS improved the growth performance and the ability of digestion of shrimp. Dietary MOS significantly increased the activity of total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and decreased the content of malondialdehyde in plasma of shrimp. Dietary MOS significantly increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in plasma and the hemocyte counts. Dietary MOS significantly upregulated the expression of Toll, lysozyme, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, Crustin, and heat shock protein 70 in the hepatopancreas. And dietary MOS significantly upregulated the expression of intestinal mucin-2, mucin-5B, and mucin-19, while it decreased the expression of intestinal mucin-1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Dietary MOS improved the bacterial diversity; increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, and Pseudoalteromonas; and decreased the abundance of Vibrio in the intestine. Shrimp fed MOS diets showed lower mortality after being challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Notably, this study found a decrease in antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements after MOS supplementation for the first time. The present results showed that diet with MOS supplementation enhanced the organismal antioxidant capacity and immunity, improved intestinal immunity, optimized intestinal microecology, mitigated the degree of antibiotic resistance, and increased the resistance to V. parahaemolyticus in L. vannamei, especially when supplemented at 0.08% and 0.16%.

scholarly journals Digestibility of insect meals for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and their performance for growth, feed utilization and immune responses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260305
Author(s):  
Jaehyeong Shin ◽  
Kyeong-Jun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Amino Acid Availability

This study was conducted to examine digestibility of insect meals for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and their utilization as fish meal substitutes. The tested insect meals were mealworm, silkworm, black soldier fly, rice grasshopper, two-spotted cricket, dynastid beetle and white-spotted flower chafer. Apparent digestibility coefficients of the tested insect meals were 83–89% for protein, 91–98% for lipid, 84–90% for energy, 77–81% for dry matter, 28–36% for chitin, 76–96% for amino acids and 89–93% for fatty acids. The amino acid availability of insect meals was high in taurine (93–96%), arginine (91–95%) and lysine (90–95%). Availability of fatty acids were 89–93% for saturated fatty acids, 90–93% for monounsaturated fatty acids and 88–93% for polyunsaturated fatty acids. For a feeding trial, a control diet was formulated using 27% tuna byproduct meal as a fish meal source and seven other diets were prepared replacing 10% tuna byproduct meal in the control diet with each insect meal. Triplicate groups of shrimp (initial body weight: 0.17 g) were fed the diets for 65 days. The growth performance was significantly improved when the shrimp were fed black soldier fly or dynastid beetle included diet. Dietary supplementation of insect meals significantly improved non-specific immune responses and antioxidant enzyme activity in the shrimp. These results indicate that the tested insect meals have high potentials to be used as a protein source that could replace fish meal in diets for the shrimp.

scholarly journals PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE OF POULTRY BY-PRODUCT AND SWINE LIVER IN THE DIET OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. e657
Author(s):  
Mariana SOARES ◽  
Priscila GONÇALVES ◽  
Delano Dias SCHLEDER ◽  
Mariana DELGADILLO-DÍAZ ◽  
Mariel GULLIAN-KLANIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swine Liver

This study aimed to evaluate the use of protein hydrolysate of poultry by-product and swine liver in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei and its effect on the intestinal microbiota and on the enzymatic activity of the hepatopancreas. Shrimp (10.94 ± 0.90 g) were fed with diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of replacement of salmon by-product meal by protein hydrolysate, in triplicate. The hepatopancreas enzymatic activity and composition of intestinal microbiota was studied. It was observed that the protein hydrolysate in the diet changed the enzymatic activity of the shrimp when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Amylase activity increases directly with the percent of protein replacement in the diet. Metagenomic analysis revealed change in the gut biome of the shrimps. The increasing levels of protein replacement provided greater richness in the 75% and 100% treatments, were mainly related to changes in the abundances in the families Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae. A reduction in the abundance of the Vibrionaceae family was observed with the inclusion of protein hydrolysate in the diet. These results indicate that the protein hydrolysate demonstrated beneficial changes when added at concentrations of 25% in the diet of L. vannamei.

Effect of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal on lipid and glucose metabolism of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Yongkang Chen ◽  
Shuyan Chi ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaohui Dong ◽  
Qihui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The present study investigated the effect of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSF) on hemolymph biochemical indicators, muscle metabolites as well as the lipid and glucose metabolism of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Four diets were formulated in which the control diet contained 25% fishmeal (FM) and 10% (BSF10), 20% (BSF20) and 30% (BSF30) of fishmeal protein were replaced with BSF. 480 shrimp (0.88 ± 0.00 g) were distributed to four groups of three replicates and fed for 7 weeks. Results showed that growth performance of shrimp fed BSF30 significantly decreased compared to those fed FM, but there was no significant difference in survival among groups. The whole shrimp crude lipid (CL) content, hemolymph triglyceride and total cholesterol were decreased with the increasing BSF inclusion. The results of metabolomics showed that the metabolite patterns of shrimp fed different diets were altered, with significant changes in metabolites related to lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism as well as TCA cycle. The mRNA expressions of hk, pfk, pk, pepck, ampk, mcd, cpt-1 and scd1 in hepatopancreas were downregulated in shrimp fed BSF30, but mRNA expression of acc1 was upregulated. Unlike BSF30, the mRNA expressions of fas, cpt-1, fbp and 6pgd in hepatopancreas were upregulated in shrimp fed BSF20. This study indicates that BSF20 diet promoted lipid synthesis and lipolysis, while BSF30 diet weakened β-oxidation and glycolysis as well as affected the unsaturated fatty acids synthesis, which may affect the growth performance and body composition of shrimp.

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