scholarly journals The transcriptomic signature of cyclical parthenogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Viet Huynh ◽  
Alexander S Hall ◽  
Sen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cyclical Parthenogenesis ◽  
Cell Cycle Genes ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature

Cyclical parthenogenesis, where females can engage in sexual or asexual reproduction depending on environmental conditions, represents a novel reproductive phenotype that emerged during eukaryotic evolution. The fact that environmental conditions can trigger cyclically parthenogens to engage in distinct reproductive modes strongly suggests that gene expression plays a key role in the origin of cyclical parthenogenesis. However, the genetic basis underlying cyclical parthenogenesis remains understudied. In this study we characterize the female transcriptomic signature of sexual vs. asexual reproduction in the cyclically parthenogenetic microcrustacean Daphnia pulex and D. pulicaria. Our analyses of differentially expressed genes, pathway enrichment, and GO term enrichment clearly show that compared to sexual reproduction the asexual reproductive stage is characterized by both the under-regulation of meiosis and cell-cycle genes and the up-regulation of metabolic genes. We suggest that the under-regulation of meiosis and cell-cycle genes is responsible for the origin of parthenogenesis from meiosis, whereas differentially expressed metabolic genes may mediate choice of asexual vs. sexual reproductive pathway. Furthermore, our analyses identify some cases of divergent expression among gene family members (e.g., doublesex, NOTCH2) associated with asexual or sexual reproductive stage, suggesting potential functional divergence among gene family members.

scholarly journals Influence of fatty acid diets on gene expression in rat mammary epithelial cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Medvedovic ◽  
R. Gear ◽  
J. M. Freudenberg ◽  
J. Schneider ◽  
R. Bornschein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cell Cycle Genes

Background: This study examines the impact of dietary fatty acids on regulation of gene expression in mammary epithelial cells before and during puberty. Methods: Diets primarily consisted of n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (olive oil), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (safflower), saturated acids (butter), and the reference AIN-93G diet (soy oil). The dietary regimen mimics the repetitive nature of fatty acid exposure in Western diets. Diet-induced changes in gene expression were examined in laser capture microdissected mammary ductal epithelial cells at day of weaning and end of puberty. PCNA immunohistochemistry analysis compared proliferation rates between diets. Results: Genes differentially expressed between each test diets and the reference diet were significantly enriched by cell cycle genes. Some of these genes were involved in activation of the cell cycle pathway or the G2/M check point pathway. Although there were some differences in the level of differential expression, all diets showed qualitatively the same pattern of differential expression compared to the reference diet. Cluster analysis identified an expanded set of cell cycle as well as immunity and sterol metabolism related clusters of differentially expressed genes. Conclusion: Fatty acid-enriched diets significantly upregulated proliferation above normal physiological levels during puberty. Higher cellular proliferation during puberty caused by enriched fatty acid diets poses a potential increase risk of mammary cancer in later life. The human homologs of 27 of 62 cell cycle rat genes are included in a human breast cancer cluster of 45 cell cycle genes, further emphasizing the importance of our findings in the rat model.

Human TLR gene family members are differentially expressed in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 674.e11-674.e17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Sabah-Ozcan ◽  
Aykut Baser ◽  
Taha Olcucu ◽  
Ikbal Cansu Barıs ◽  
Levent Elmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Bladder

scholarly journals Integrative Functional Genomic Analysis of Molecular Signatures and Mechanistic Pathways in the Cell Cycle Underlying Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhike Zhou ◽  
Jun Bai ◽  
Shanshan Zhong ◽  
Rongwei Zhang ◽  
Kexin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Trophic Factor ◽  
Cell Cycle Genes ◽  
Functional Genomic Analysis

Objective. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with cell cycle reentry of mature neurons that subsequently undergo degeneration. This study is aimed to identify key regulators of the cell cycle and their underlying pathways for developing optimal treatment of AD. Methods. RNA sequencing data were profiled to screen for differentially expressed genes in the cell cycle. Correlation of created modules with AD phenotype was computed by weight gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Signature genes for trophic factor receptors were determined using Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) analysis. Results. Among the 13,679 background genes, 775 cell cycle genes and 77 trophic factor receptors were differentially expressed in AD versus nondementia controls. Four coexpression modules were constructed by WGCNA, among which the turquoise module had the strongest correlation with AD. According to PCC analysis, 10 signature trophic receptors most strongly interacting with cell cycle genes were filtered and subsequently displayed in the global regulatory network. Further cross-talking pathways of signature receptors, such as glutamatergic synapse, long-term potentiation, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, were identified. Conclusions. Our findings highlighted the mechanistic pathways of signature trophic receptors in cell cycle perturbation underlying AD pathogenesis, thereby providing new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in AD.

Tubulin Proteins in Cancer Resistance: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal ◽  
Maryam Hassan Al-Zahrani ◽  
Salman Hasan Khan ◽  
Mateen Hasan Khan ◽  
Hani Awad Al-Subhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vinca Alkaloids ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Cell Cycle Genes ◽  
Cancerous Cells ◽  
Β Tubulin

Cancer cells are altered with cell cycle genes or they are mutated, leading to a high rate of proliferation compared to normal cells. Alteration in these genes leads to mitosis dysregulation and becomes the basis of tumor progression and resistance to many drugs. The drugs which act on the cell cycle fail to arrest the process, making cancer cell non-responsive to apoptosis or cell death. Vinca alkaloids and taxanes fall in this category and are referred to as antimitotic agents. Microtubule proteins play an important role in mitosis during cell division as a target site for vinca alkaloids and taxanes. These proteins are dynamic in nature and are composed of α-β-tubulin heterodimers. β-tubulin specially βΙΙΙ isotype is generally altered in expression within cancerous cells. Initially, these drugs were very effective in the treatment of cancer but failed to show their desired action after initial chemotherapy. The present review highlights some of the important targets and their mechanism of resistance offered by cancer cells with new promising drugs from natural sources that can lead to the development of a new approach to chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Microarray analysis reveals an inflammatory transcriptomic signature in peripheral blood for sciatica

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Guogang Dai ◽  
Ling Jiang ◽  
Shichuan Liao ◽  
Jiao Xia
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Key Genes

Abstract Background Although the pathology of sciatica has been studied extensively, the transcriptional changes in the peripheral blood caused by sciatica have not been characterized. This study aimed to characterize the peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica. Methods We used a microarray to identify differentially expressed genes in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica compared with that of healthy controls, performed a functional analysis to reveal the peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica, and conducted a network analysis to identify key genes that contribute to the observed transcriptional changes. The expression levels of these key genes were assessed by qRT-PCR. Results We found that 153 genes were differentially expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica compared with that of healthy controls, and 131 and 22 of these were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. A functional analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were strongly enriched for the inflammatory response or immunity. The network analysis revealed that a group of genes, most of which are related to the inflammatory response, played a key role in the dysregulation of these DEGs. These key genes are Toll-like receptor 4, matrix metallopeptidase 9, myeloperoxidase, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, resistin and Toll-like receptor 5, and a qRT-PCR analysis validated the higher transcript levels of these key genes in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica than in that of healthy controls. Conclusion We revealed inflammatory characteristics that serve as a peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica and identified genes that are essential for mRNA dysregulation in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Rat Cytochrome P-450IIB Gene Family Members

1989 ◽  
Vol 264 (12) ◽  
pp. 7046-7053 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Giachelli ◽  
J Lin-Jones ◽  
C J Omiecinski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

scholarly journals Overexpression of β-Arrestins inhibits proliferation and motility in triple negative breast cancer cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Yari Bostanabad ◽  
Senem Noyan ◽  
Bala Gur Dedeoglu ◽  
Hakan Gurdal
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cell Cycle Genes

Abstractβ-Arrestins (βArrs) are intracellular signal regulating proteins. Their expression level varies in some cancers and they have a significant impact on cancer cell function. In general, the significance of βArrs in cancer research comes from studies examining GPCR signalling. Given the diversity of different GPCR signals in cancer cell regulation, contradictory results are inevitable regarding the role of βArrs. Our approach examines the direct influence of βArrs on cellular function and gene expression profiles by changing their expression levels in breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. Reducing expression of βArr1 or βArr2 tended to increase cell proliferation and invasion whereas increasing their expression levels inhibited them. The overexpression of βArrs caused cell cycle S-phase arrest and differential expression of cell cycle genes, CDC45, BUB1, CCNB1, CCNB2, CDKN2C and reduced HER3, IGF-1R, and Snail. Regarding to the clinical relevance of our results, low expression levels of βArr1 were inversely correlated with CDC45, BUB1, CCNB1, and CCNB2 genes compared to normal tissue samples while positively correlated with poorer prognosis in breast tumours. These results indicate that βArr1 and βArr2 are significantly involved in cell cycle and anticancer signalling pathways through their influence on cell cycle genes and HER3, IGF-1R, and Snail in TNBC cells.

scholarly journals Cloning and functional analysis of the FAD2 gene family from desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumei Miao ◽  
Lijing Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Hu ◽  
Shuzhen Nan ◽  
Xiaolong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Desert Shrub ◽  
Artemisia Sphaerocephala

Abstract Background Linoleic acid is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid, required for all eukaryotes. Microsomal delta-12 (Δ12) oleate desaturase (FAD2) is a key enzyme for linoleic acid biosynthesis. Desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala is rich in linoleic acid, it has a large FAD2 gene family with twenty-six members. The aim of this work is to unveil the difference and potentially functionality of AsFAD2 family members. Results Full-length cDNAs of twenty-one AsFAD2 genes were obtained from A. sphaerocephala. The putative polypeptides encoded by AsFAD2 family genes showed a high level of sequence similarity and were relatively conserved during evolution. The motif composition was also relatively conservative. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the AsFAD2–1 gene was strongly expressed in developing seeds, which may be closely associated with the high accumulating ability of linoleic acid in A. sphaerocephala seeds. Although different AsFAD2 family members showed diverse response to salt stress, the overall mRNA levels of the AsFAD2 family genes was stable. Transient expression of AsFAD2 genes in the Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that the encoded proteins were all located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggested that only three AsFAD2 enzymes, AsFAD2–1, − 10, and − 23, were Δ12 oleate desaturases, which could convert oleic acid to linoleic acid, whereas AsFAD2–1 and AsFAD2–10 could also produce palmitolinoleic acid. Conclusions This research reported the cloning, expression studies, subcellular localization and functional identification of the large AsFAD2 gene family. These results should be helpful in understanding fatty acid biosynthesis in A. sphaerocephala, and has the potential to be applied in the study of plant fatty acids traits.

scholarly journals Target Gene Specificity of E2F and Pocket Protein Family Members in Living Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 5797-5807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Wells ◽  
Kathryn E. Boyd ◽  
Christopher J. Fry ◽  
Stephanie M. Bartley ◽  
Peggy J. Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Pocket Protein ◽  
Protein Dna Interactions

ABSTRACT E2F-mediated transcription is thought to involve binding of an E2F-pocket protein complex to promoters in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and release of the pocket protein in late G1, followed by release of E2F in S phase. We have tested this model by monitoring protein-DNA interactions in living cells using a formaldehyde cross-linking and immunoprecipitation assay. We find that E2F target genes are bound by distinct E2F-pocket protein complexes which change as cells progress through the cell cycle. We also find that certain E2F target gene promoters are bound by pocket proteins when such promoters are transcriptionally active. Our data indicate that the current model applies only to certain E2F target genes and suggest that Rb family members may regulate transcription in both G0 and S phases. Finally, we find that a given promoter can be bound by one of several different E2F-pocket protein complexes at a given time in the cell cycle, suggesting that cell cycle-regulated transcription is a stochastic, not a predetermined, process.

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