scholarly journals Artificial reefs geographical location matters more than its age and depth for sessile invertebrate colonization in the Gulf of Lion (NorthWestern Mediterranean Sea)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
sylvain blouet ◽  
Katell Guizien ◽  
lorenzo Bramanti
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Sessile Invertebrates ◽  
Gulf Of Lion ◽  
Essential Components

Artificial reefs (ARs) have been used to support fishing activities. Sessile invertebrates are essential components of trophic networks within ARs, supporting fish productivity. However, colonization by sessile invertebrates is possible only after effective larval dispersal from source populations, usually in natural habitat. We tested the relevance of geographic location, duration of immersion and depth on ARs colonization processes in the Gulf of Lion. Five species sessile invertebrates species, with contrasting life history traits and regional distribution in the natural rocky habitat, were inventoried on ARs deployed during two immersion periods (1985 and 2000-2009) and at different depths. At the local level, neither depth nor immersion duration differentiated ARs assemblages. At the regional scale, colonization patterns differed between species, resulting in diverse assemblages. This study highlights the primacy of geographical positioning over immersion duration and depth in ARs colonization, suggesting it should be accounted for in maritime spatial planning.

scholarly journals Environmental Engineering Techniques to Restore Degraded Posidonia oceanica Meadows

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Luigi Piazzi ◽  
Stefano Acunto ◽  
Francesca Frau ◽  
Fabrizio Atzori ◽  
Maria Francesca Cinti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Sessile Invertebrates ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Short Time

Seagrass planting techniques have shown to be an effective tool for restoring degraded meadows and ecosystem function. In the Mediterranean Sea, most restoration efforts have been addressed to the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica, but cost-benefit analyses have shown unpromising results. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of environmental engineering techniques generally employed in terrestrial systems to restore the P. oceanica meadows: two different restoration efforts were considered, either exploring non-degradable mats or, for the first time, degradable mats. Both of them provided encouraging results, as the loss of transplanting plots was null or very low and the survival of cuttings stabilized to about 50%. Data collected are to be considered positive as the survived cuttings are enough to allow the future spread of the patches. The utilized techniques provided a cost-effective restoration tool likely affordable for large-scale projects, as the methods allowed to set up a wide bottom surface to restore in a relatively short time without any particular expensive device. Moreover, the mats, comparing with other anchoring methods, enhanced the colonization of other organisms such as macroalgae and sessile invertebrates, contributing to generate a natural habitat.

Application of SIGMA model for landslide forecasting in Darjeeling Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuele Segoni ◽  
Minu Treesa Abraham ◽  
Neelima Satyam ◽  
Ascanio Rosi ◽  
Biswajeet Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Sigma Model ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
Landslide Forecasting

<p>SIGMA (Sistema Integrato Gestione Monitoraggio Allerta – integrated system for management, monitoring and alerting) is a landslide forecasting model at regional scale which is operational in Emilia Romagna (Italy) for more than 20 years. It was conceived to be operated with a sparse rain gauge network with coarse (daily) temporal resolution and to account for both shallow landslides (typically triggered by short and intense rainstorms) and deep seated landslides (typically triggered by long and less intense rainfalls). SIGMA model is based on the statistical distribution of cumulative rainfall values (calculated over varying time windows), and rainfall thresholds are defined as the multiples of standard deviation of the same, to identify anomalous rainfalls with the potential of triggering landslides.</p><p>In this study, SIGMA model is applied for the first time in a geographical location outside of Italy, i.e. Kalimpong town in India. The SIGMA algorithm is customized using the historical rainfall and landslide data of Kalimpong from 2010 to 2015 and has been validated using the data from 2016 to 2017. The model was validated by building a confusion matrix and calculating statistical skill scores, which were compared with those of the state-of-the-art intensity-duration rainfall thresholds derived for the region.</p><p>Results of the comparison clearly show that SIGMA performs much better than the other models in forecasting landslides: all instances of the validation confusion matrix are improved, and all skill scores are higher than I-D thresholds, with an efficiency of 92% and a likelihood ratio of 11.28. We explain this outcome mainly with technical characteristics of the site: when only daily rainfall measurements from a spare gauge network are available, SIGMA outperforms other approaches based on peak measurements, like intensity – duration thresholds, which cannot be captured adequately by daily measurements. SIGMA model thus showed a good potential to be used as a part of the local Landslide Early Warning System (LEWS).</p>

Regional coupling between chest wall and lung expansion during HFV: a positron imaging study

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 2242-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Venegas ◽  
K. Tsuzaki ◽  
B. J. Fox ◽  
B. A. Simon ◽  
C. A. Hales
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
High Frequency Ventilation ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Lung Expansion ◽  
Frequency Ventilation

Apparently conflicting differences between the regional chest wall motion and gas transport have been observed during high-frequency ventilation (HFV). To elucidate the mechanism responsible for such differences, a positron imaging technique capable of assessing dynamic chest wall volumetric expansion, regional lung volume, and regional gas transport was developed. Anesthetized supine dogs were studied at ventilatory frequencies (f) ranging from 1 to 15 Hz and eucapnic tidal volumes. The regional distribution of mean lung volume was found to be independent of f, but the apex-to-base ratio of regional chest wall expansion favored the lung bases at low f and became more homogeneous at higher f. Regional gas transport per unit of lung volume, assessed from washout maneuvers, was homogeneous at 1 Hz, favored the bases progressively as f increased to 9 Hz, and returned to homogeneity at 15 Hz. Interregional asynchrony (pendelluft) and right-to-left differences were small at this large regional scale. Analysis of the data at a higher spatial resolution showed that the motion of the diaphragm relative to the excursions of the rib cage decreased as f increased. These differences from apex to base in regional chest wall expansion and gas transport were consistent with a simple model including lung, rib cage, and diaphragm regional impedances and a viscous coupling between lungs and chest wall caused by the relative sliding between pleural surfaces. To further test this model, we studied five additional animals under open chest conditions. These studies resulted in a homogeneous and f-independent regional gas transport. We conclude that the apex-to-base distribution of gas transport observed during HFV is not caused by intrinsic lung heterogeneity but rather is a result of chest wall expansion dynamics and its coupling to the lung.

scholarly journals Optimal Ways of Unloading and Loading Operations under Arctic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Marat Eseev ◽  
Dmitry Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
The Right

Usually, loading and unloading of cargo ships takes place in ports that are equipped with the infrastructure necessary to carry out such operations. In the Arctic, often a helicopter is the only way to get the cargo to the right place. Finding the optimal geographic location for unloading a ship using helicopters is an important task. It is necessary to create a support system for making the right decisions in such situations. Mathematical modeling has been used to find the geographical location that ensures the most favorable and quickest delivery of cargo from a vessel to its destination, using a helicopter. A criterion has also been found in which the search for the optimum point is a more rational way of unloading the vessel compared to other discharge options. The maps of the economic benefits of loading and unloading operations in this model have been developed. Using the example of the developed model, it is shown that during the transportation of goods in Ob Bay, significant economic and temporary advantages can be obtained. The developed model can be extended to the case of cargo delivery not only in the Arctic conditions, but also where the transport infrastructure is insufficiently developed.

Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Thermal Variability

<em>Abstract</em>.-In this paper, we develop logistic stream temperature models for 17 selected sites in northeastern North America and evaluate the potential changes from warming climate under two scenarios (low and medium-high emissions). Classification of the magnitude of the (1) long-term (1980-2002) and (2) annual thermal regimes allowed examination of the relative spatial and temporal patterns of instream thermal variability across the 17 sites. At the regional scale, the classification identified three broad groups of rivers (cool, intermediate, and warm) reflecting geographical location and moderated by site-specific factors. The interannual classification identified four thermal year types reflecting increasing magnitude and variability in the annual thermal regime. The dominance of thermal year types and the frequency of occurrence indicated significant variability between years for all sites and within thermal regions. Under the two climate change scenarios, stream temperatures in the 17 sites are projected to increase by 2050. However, there are regional differences with intermediate and warm region rivers projected to be more affected, particularly under the medium-high emissions scenario. More significantly, the duration of weeks when temperatures exceed 20°C (taken as a threshold of thermal stress for Atlantic salmon <em>Salmo salar</em>) is projected to increase with variability in response between river groups. We comment on the ecological significance of these potential future increases in stream temperature and duration for Atlantic salmon in the region.

scholarly journals Economic Complexity Based Recommendation Enhance the Efficiency of the Belt and Road Initiative

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liao ◽  
Xiao-Min Huang ◽  
Alexandre Vidmer ◽  
Yi-Cheng Zhang ◽  
Ming-Yang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Recommendation Algorithm ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Ideal

The Belt and Road initiative (BRI) was announced in 2013 by the Chinese government. Its goal is to promote the cooperation between European and Asian countries, as well as enhancing the trust between members and unifying the market. Since its creation, more and more developing countries are joining the initiative. Based on the geographical location characteristics of the countries in this initiative, we propose an improvement of a popular recommendation algorithm that includes geographic location information. This recommendation algorithm is able to make suitable recommendations of products for countries in the BRI. Then, Fitness and Complexity metrics are used to evaluate the impact of the recommendation results and measure the country’s competitiveness. The aim of this work is to provide countries’ insights on the ideal development direction. By following the recommendations, the countries can quickly increase their international competitiveness.

scholarly journals Developing and validating a multi-dimensional measure of coopetition

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Crick ◽  
Dave Crick
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Product Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dimensional Measure ◽  
Business To Business

Purpose Coopetition, namely, the interplay between cooperation and competition, has received a good deal of interest in the business-to-business marketing literature. Academics have operationalised the coopetition construct and have used these measures to test the antecedents and consequences of firms collaborating with their competitors. However, business-to-business marketing scholars have not developed and validated an agreed operationalisation that reflects the dimensionality of the coopetition construct. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop and validate a multi-dimensional measure of coopetition for marketing scholars to use in future research. Design/methodology/approach To use a highly cooperative and highly competitive empirical context, sporting organisations in New Zealand were sampled, as the key informants within these entities engaged in different forms of coopetition. Checks were made to ensure that the sampled entities produced generalisable results. That is, it is anticipated that the results apply to other industries with firms engaging in similar business-to-business behaviours. Various sources of qualitative and quantitative data were acquired to develop and validate a multi-dimensional measure of coopetition (the COOP scale), which passed all major assessments of reliability and validity (including common method variance). Findings The results indicated that coopetition is a multi-dimensional construct, comprising three distinct dimensions. First, local-level coopetition is collaboration among competing entities within a close geographic proximity. Second, national-level coopetition is cooperation with rivals within the same country but across different geographic regions. Third, organisation-level coopetition is cooperation with competitors across different firms (including with indirect rivals), regardless of their geographic location and product markets served. Indeed, organisation-level coopetition extends to how companies engage in coopetition in domestic and international capacities, depending on the extent to which they compete in similar product markets in comparison to industry rivals. Also, multiple indicators were used to measure each facet of the coopetition construct after the scale purification stage. Originality/value Prior coopetition-based investigations have predominately been conceptual or qualitative in nature. The scarce number of existing scales have significant problems, such as not appreciating that coopetition is a multi-dimensional variable, as well as using single indicators. In spite of a recent call for research on the multiple levels of coopetition, there has not been an agreed measure of the construct that accounts for its multi-dimensionality. Hence, this investigation responds to such a call for research by developing and validating the COOP scale. Local-, national- and organisation-level coopetition are anticipated to be the main facets of the coopetition construct, which offer several avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Mycobiome Profiles in Breast Milk from Healthy Women Depend on Mode of Delivery, Geographic Location, and Interaction with Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Boix-Amorós ◽  
Fernando Puente-Sánchez ◽  
Elloise du Toit ◽  
Kaisa M. Linderborg ◽  
Yumei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Its1 Region ◽  
Milk Samples

ABSTRACTRecent studies report the presence of fungal species in breast milk of healthy mothers, suggesting a potential role in infant mycobiome development. In the present work, we aimed to determine whether the healthy human breast milk mycobiota is influenced by geographical location and mode of delivery, as well as to investigate its interaction with bacterial profiles in the same samples. A total of 80 mature breast milk samples from 4 different countries were analyzed by Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region, joining the 18S and 5.8S regions of the fungal rRNA region. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were found to be the dominant phyla, withMalasseziaandDavidiellabeing the most prevalent genera across countries. A core formed byMalassezia, Davidiella, Sistotrema, andPenicilliumwas shared in the milk samples from the different origins, although specific shifts in mycobiome composition were associated with geographic location and delivery mode. The presence of fungi in the breast milk samples was further confirmed by culture and isolate characterization, and fungal loads were estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the fungal ITS1 region. Cooccurrence network analysis of bacteria and fungi showed complex interactions that were influenced by geographical location, mode of delivery, maternal age, and pregestational body mass index. The presence of a breast milk mycobiome was confirmed in all samples analyzed, regardless of the geographic origin.IMPORTANCEDuring recent years, human breast milk has been documented as a potential source of bacteria for the newborn. Recently, we have reported the presence of fungi in breast milk from healthy mothers. It is well known that environmental and perinatal factors can affect milk bacteria; however, the impact on milk fungi is still unknown. The current report describes fungal communities (mycobiota) in breast milk samples across different geographic locations and the influence of the mode of delivery. We also provide novel insights on bacterium-fungus interactions, taking into account environmental and perinatal factors. We identified a core of four genera shared across locations, consisting ofMalassezia, Davidiella, Sistotrema, andPenicillium, which have been reported to be present in the infant gut. Our data confirm the presence of fungi in breast milk across continents and support the potential role of breast milk in the initial seeding of fungal species in the infant gut.

Orientalist Approaches in Advertising

2021 ◽  
pp. 974-990
Author(s):  
Simge Kırteke
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
The West ◽  
Advertising Campaign

Brands offer indicators to audiences through advertisements in many topics such as political, ideological, economic, and cultural. In particular, while creating their advertisements, international brands make use of the indicators that assume the cultural and demographic structure of the geographic location they are published in and carry out advertising campaigns under the influence of Orientalism. With these advertisements, it is presented how the West shows the East with an Orientalist perspective to the audiences that the advertisement reaches both in the geographical location where it is published and in the international geography. Within the scope of this study, the Nike brand, which emerged in Western societies and became a big name in the international arena, the advertising campaign with the slogan “What will they say about you?” and the SHE (Saudi Heroines Empowering a Nation) advertisement were examined and compared with the method of semiotic analysis, and their relationships with Orientalism were explained.

Environmental drivers of benthic communities and habitat heterogeneity on an East Antarctic shelf

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. Post ◽  
Caroline Lavoie ◽  
Eugene W. Domack ◽  
Amy Leventer ◽  
Amelia Shevenell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Brittle Stars ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Sessile Invertebrates ◽  
Antarctic Shelf

AbstractThis study presents the first analysis of benthic megafauna and habitats from the Sabrina Coast shelf, encompassing a proposed Marine Protected Area. Sea bed imagery indicated an abundant benthic fauna compared to other parts of the Antarctic shelf, dominated by brittle stars, polychaete tubeworms, and a range of other sessile and mobile taxa. The distribution of taxa was related (ρ=0.592, P<0.001) to variations in water depth, latitude, substrate type and phytodetritus. High phytodetritus cover was associated with muddy/sandy sediments and abundant holothurians and amphipods, while harder substrates hosted abundant brachiopods, hard bryozoans, polychaete tubeworms, massive and encrusting sponges, and sea whips. Brittle stars, irregular urchins and anemones were ubiquitous. Variations in substrate largely reflected the distribution of dropstones, creating fine-scale habitat heterogeneity. Several taxa were found only on hard substrates, and their broad regional distribution indicated that the density of dropstones was sufficient for most sessile invertebrates to disperse across the region. The hexactinellid sponge Anoxycalyx joubini and branching hydrocorals exhibited a more restricted distribution, probably related to water depth and limited dispersal capability, respectively. Dropstones were associated with significant increases in taxa diversity, abundance and biological cover, enhancing the overall diversity and biomass of this ecosystem.

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