scholarly journals Polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid increases the virulence of gut pathogen, Yersinia enterocolitica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Chac ◽  
Kelly Crebs ◽  
Cara Yee ◽  
R. William DePaolo
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTFood-borne illnesses are a major health concern worldwide. While 1 in 6 individuals are infected in the United States yearly, there is little research into which dietary factors can alter the risk of infection. Despite evidence suggesting a correlation between obesity and enteric infection, the few reported studies focus on the role of dietary factors and the impact on host tissues and susceptibility. The direct impact of dietary constituents on the virulence of a pathogen has largely been ignored. One component of the Western diet that has been correlated with increasing inflammatory diseases is increased consumption of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. Here, we show that arachidonic acid directly alters the pathogenicity of the food-borne pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica. Using in vitro cellular adherence assays, proteomic peptide mass fingerprint profiles and in vivo mouse models, we show that arachidonic acid can alter the pathogenesis of Y. enterocolitica by increasing proliferation and intracellular invasion. These findings have major implications in more than food safety, potentially revealing how current dietary habits may increase the virulence of food-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in the Presence of the Bacterivorous Acanthamoeba castellanii

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (20) ◽  
pp. 6407-6413 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lambrecht ◽  
J. Baré ◽  
I. Van Damme ◽  
W. Bert ◽  
K. Sabbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTFree-living protozoa play an important role in the ecology and epidemiology of human-pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, the interaction betweenYersinia enterocolitica, an important food-borne pathogen, and the free-living amoebaAcanthamoeba castellaniiwas studied. Several cocultivation assays were set up to assess the resistance ofY. enterocoliticatoA. castellaniipredation and the impact of environmental factors and bacterial strain-specific characteristics. Results showed that allY. enterocoliticastrains persist in association withA. castellaniifor at least 14 days, and associations withA. castellaniienhanced survival ofYersiniaunder nutrient-rich conditions at 25°C and under nutrient-poor conditions at 37°C. Amoebae cultivated in the supernatant of oneYersiniastrain showed temperature- and time-dependent permeabilization. Intraprotozoan survival ofY. enterocoliticadepended on nutrient availability and temperature, with up to 2.8 log CFU/ml bacteria displaying intracellular survival at 7°C for at least 4 days in nutrient-rich medium. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to locate theYersiniacells inside the amoebae. AsYersiniaandAcanthamoebashare similar ecological niches, this interaction identifies a role of free-living protozoa in the ecology and epidemiology ofY. enterocolitica.

scholarly journals Nutritional Complications and the Management of Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Laing ◽  
Nicole Kiss ◽  
Michael Michael ◽  
Meinir Krishnasamy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Somatostatin Analogs ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have increased in incidence and prevalence over the past 2 decades and affect approximately 170,000 people in the United States alone. Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NETs (GEP NET) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors that have distinct effects on the body due to their tumor location and potential to secrete hormones and peptides. Clinical practice guidelines and consensus guidelines for GEP NETs with regard to best practice for diagnosis, treatment, and medical management are available, but the supportive care needs and optimal nutritional management of patients affected by these unique tumors remain under-researched: evidence to guide clinical practice is lacking. The pathophysiology of the disease and its treatment can cause various symptoms that can have significant effects on vitamin synthesis and absorption, dietary habits, weight change, and appetite. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins and niacin exists amongst patients with GEP NET, particularly those on treatment with somatostatin analogs and with serotonin-secreting tumors, respectively. Malnutrition and dietary modification amongst patients with GEP NET is more prevalent than initially thought: up to 25% of inpatients with GEP NET are malnourished. Food intolerance is also reported in up to 40–90% of these patients, though its misdiagnosis is common. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the impact of GEP NET and its treatment on nutritional factors in these patients with emphasis on malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, dietary intake, and quality of life. Recommendations for clinical practice and research approaches to address these nutritional issues are discussed.

scholarly journals Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman M. Alissa ◽  
Gordon A. Ferns
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Physiological Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the leading cause of death globally and is a growing health concern. Dietary factors are important in the pathogenesis of CVD and may to a large degree determine CVD risk, but have been less extensively investigated. Functional foods are those that are thought to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond their basic nutritional functions. The food industry has started to market products labelled as “functional foods.” Although many review articles have focused on individual dietary variables as determinants of CVD that can be modified to reduce the risk of CVD, the aim of this current paper was to examine the impact of functional foods in relation to the development and progression of CVD. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated the association between certain dietary patterns and cardiovascular health. Research into the cardio-protective potential of their dietary components might support the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. This paper will also compare the effect of individual bioactive dietary compounds with the effect of some dietary patterns in terms of their cardiovascular protection.

Psychological Well-Being, Health Behaviors, and Weight Loss Among Participants in a Residential, Kripalu Yoga-Based Weight Loss Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tosca Braun ◽  
Crystal Park ◽  
Lisa Ann Conboy
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Impact

The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in humans is a growing public health concern in the United States. Concomitants include poor health behaviors and reduced psychological well-being. Preliminary evidence suggests yoga and treatment paradigms incorporating mindfulness, self-compassion (SC), acceptance, non-dieting, and intuitive eating may improve these ancillary correlates, which may promote long-term weight loss. Methods: We explored the impact of a 5-day residential weight loss program, which was multifaceted and based on Kripalu yoga, on health behaviors, weight loss, and psychological well-being in overweight/obese individuals. Thirty-seven overweight/obese program participants (age 32-65, BMI<25) completed validated mind-fulness, SC, lifestyle behavior, and mood questionnaires at baseline, post-program, and 3-month follow-up and reported their weight 1 year after program completion. Results: Significant improvements in nutrition behaviors, SC, mindfulness, stress management, and spiritual growth were observed immediately post-program (n = 31, 84% retention), with medium to large effect sizes. At 3-month follow-up (n = 18, 49% retention), most changes persisted. Physical activity and mood disturbance had improved significantly post-program but failed to reach significance at 3-month follow-up. Self-report weight loss at 1 year (n = 19, 51% retention) was significant. Conclusion: These findings suggest a Kripalu yoga-based, residential weight loss program may foster psychological well-being, improved nutrition behaviors, and weight loss. Given the exploratory nature of this investigation, more rigorous work in this area is warranted.

Abstract P312: Association Between Religious Attendance And Obesity In African American And Afro-Caribbean Men

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Barrington
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
African American Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of obesity continues to be a public health concern in the United States (US). Religiosity, commonly characterized as the frequency of ritualistic practice and attendance at places of worship has been found to provide favorable cardiovascular health impacts including lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels; however, studies on the effect of religiosity on obesity have been mixed. Furthermore, national surveys have shown obesity prevalence to differ by ethnicity; foreign-born blacks have lower rates of obesity compared to US-born blacks. Research on a potential ethnic interaction on the impact of religious attendance on obesity has also been limited. Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that the association between religious attendance and obesity in black Americans may differ by ethnicity. Methods: Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between religious attendance and obesity for African American (N = 1208) and Afro-Caribbean men (N = 628), 18 years and older, in the National Survey of American Life (2001-2003). Odds ratios (OR) of the association between religious attendance and adult obesity were estimated after adjusting for age, socioeconomic measures, health and lifestyle measures within regression models stratified by ethnicity. Results: The overall prevalence of obesity was 29.15% among African American men and 19.74% among Afro-Caribbean men. The prevalence of obesity among those who attended church weekly or more than weekly was 33.48% for African American men and 13.36% for Afro-Caribbean men. Afro-Caribbean men who attended church weekly or more than weekly had 48% lower odds of obesity than men who attended church less than weekly; age-adjusted OR = 0.52; 95%CI: (0.28, 0.98). The protective association of church attendance remained for Afro-Caribbean men after additionally adjusting for socioeconomic, health and lifestyle factors; adjusted OR = 0.40; 95%CI: (0.23, 0.67). No significant association between religious attendance and obesity was found for African American men. Conclusions: These findings suggest that religious attendance may be a protective factor for obesity among Afro-Caribbean men in the US. Since the prevalence of obesity among the foreign-born increases with length of US residency, religiosity may curb cardiovascular risk by lowering their body mass index trajectories across the life course.

scholarly journals Relationship between Dietary Habits, Food Attitudes and Food Security Status among Adults Living within the United States Three Months Post-Mandated Quarantine: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3468
Author(s):  
Aljazi Bin Zarah ◽  
Juliana Enriquez-Marulanda ◽  
Jeanette Mary Andrade
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Food Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has disrupted the lives of many and may have influenced dietary habits through factors such as food security status and attitudes. The purpose of this study was to identify dietary habits and their associations with food insecurity and attitudes among adults living in the United States within three months post-mandated quarantine. An online cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2020. Participants (n = 3133) responded to a 71-item questionnaire regarding demographics (n = 7), health information (n = 5), lifestyle habits (n = 8), dietary habits (n = 37), food attitudes (n = 8), and food security status (n = 6). Frequency counts and percentages were tabulated, and multivariate linear regression was conducted to examine associations using STATA v14 at a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed that most participants indicated no change in dietary habits (43.6–87.4%), yet participants reported increased consumption of sweets (43.8%) and salty snacks (37.4%). A significant positive association for food attitude scores (1.59, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.70; p < 0.001) and food security scores (1.19, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.45; p < 0.001) on total dietary habit scores was found. Future extensive population studies are recommended to help public health authorities frame actions to alleviate the impact that mandated quarantine has on dietary habits.

scholarly journals Development of a Mindful-Eating Intervention Program among Third Through Fifth Grade Elementary School Children and Their Parents

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Pierson ◽  
Keiko Goto ◽  
Joan Giampaoli ◽  
Alyson Wylie ◽  
Ben Seipel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mindful Eating ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of obesity among children in the United States is a major health concern and is associated with increased health risks. The goal of this intervention was to develop and pilot test strategies based on mindful eating practices that foster healthy eating behaviors among elementary school children and their families. Mindful eating practice engages all of ones senses and has been shown to decrease impulsive food decisions and increase awareness of hunger and fullness cues. Using Experiential Learning Theory (ELT), class interventions and take-home activities were developed to teach mindful eating strategies to Hispanic and non-Hispanic 3rd through 5th grade elementary school children and their parents. The results of this research will: 1) contribute to the scientific literature regarding the impact of mindful eating practice on children’s eating behavior, 2) provide an alternate strategy for weight loss and management among children, and 3) provide parents and teachers with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote mindful eating among children and families.

scholarly journals Identifying and Predicting Intentional Self-Harm in Electronic Health Record Clinical Notes: Deep Learning Approach

10.2196/17784 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e17784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihad S Obeid ◽  
Jennifer Dahne ◽  
Sean Christensen ◽  
Samuel Howard ◽  
Tami Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Clinical Text ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Icd Codes ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
The Impact

Background Suicide is an important public health concern in the United States and around the world. There has been significant work examining machine learning approaches to identify and predict intentional self-harm and suicide using existing data sets. With recent advances in computing, deep learning applications in health care are gaining momentum. Objective This study aimed to leverage the information in clinical notes using deep neural networks (DNNs) to (1) improve the identification of patients treated for intentional self-harm and (2) predict future self-harm events. Methods We extracted clinical text notes from electronic health records (EHRs) of 835 patients with International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for intentional self-harm and 1670 matched controls who never had any intentional self-harm ICD codes. The data were divided into training and holdout test sets. We tested a number of algorithms on clinical notes associated with the intentional self-harm codes using the training set, including several traditional bag-of-words–based models and 2 DNN models: a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory model. We also evaluated the predictive performance of the DNNs on a subset of patients who had clinical notes 1 to 6 months before the first intentional self-harm event. Finally, we evaluated the impact of a pretrained model using Word2vec (W2V) on performance. Results The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the CNN on the phenotyping task, that is, the detection of intentional self-harm in clinical notes concurrent with the events was 0.999, with an F1 score of 0.985. In the predictive task, the CNN achieved the highest performance with an AUC of 0.882 and an F1 score of 0.769. Although pretraining with W2V shortened the DNN training time, it did not improve performance. Conclusions The strong performance on the first task, namely, phenotyping based on clinical notes, suggests that such models could be used effectively for surveillance of intentional self-harm in clinical text in an EHR. The modest performance on the predictive task notwithstanding, the results using DNN models on clinical text alone are competitive with other reports in the literature using risk factors from structured EHR data.

scholarly journals 2437

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Deepthi S. Varma ◽  
Jasmine Mack ◽  
Linda Cottler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Depression is one of the leading causes of diseases and disability among women of all ages in the United States. Lack of resources to meet one’s daily needs, access to health care, job opportunities, and drug use significantly contribute to depression among women. This paper aimed to explore the determinants of depression among women from a large community-based sample. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: HealthStreet is a community engagement research initiative at the University of Florida that utilizes the community health worker (CHW) model to assess health concerns and conditions of community members and link them to available social and medical services and health research. From October 2011 through December 2016, CHWs assessed 8469 community members from various locations in the community such as grocery stores, bus stops, health fairs, laundromats, and others. Among these 8469 participants contacted and assessed by the CHWs, 4952 (58.5%) were women. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the total 8469 participants, 4952 were women and 1839 (37.1%) reported ever having depression. Mean age of women who reported depression was 44.1 years (SD±14.4). Women who were current users of 3 or more drugs were 10 times more likely (95% CI: 5.73, 18.40; OR 10.27) to report depression compared with those who did not currently use any drugs. Those who were food insecure in the past 12 months (95% CI: 1.970, 2.576; OR 2.253) were twice more likely to report depression, while never married (95% CI: 0.576, 0.771; OR 0.666), and currently unemployed (95% CI: 0.535, 0.715; OR 0.619) women were less likely to report depression. Chronic health conditions such as hypertension (41.6% vs. 33.7%), diabetes (14% vs. 10.5%), and cancer (12.1% vs. 8.3%), and comorbid psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety (54.2% vs. 10.8%) and bipolar disorder (23.8% vs. 2.8%) were significantly higher (p<0.001) among women with depression compared with their counterparts. Significantly more women without a history of depression had medical insurance (68.8% vs. 64.3%) as compared with women with depression. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Depression was associated with food insecurity and drug use. The impact of drug use continues to be a major mental health concern among community-based women. Further, these findings emphasize the importance of community engagement programs such as HealthStreet, which utilizes the CHWs’ model to link community members to social and medical services within the community, in improving the mental health of women.

scholarly journals 85. The Impact of Carbapenem-Sparing Interventions on the Evolution of Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S59-S60
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Townsend ◽  
Abhishek Pandey ◽  
Amber B Tang ◽  
Yiziying Chen ◽  
Eric M Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Carbapenem resistance (CR) among Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is a pressing public health concern in the United States. Therapeutic alternatives for CR infections are limited. Implementation of a key antimicrobial stewardship intervention such as formulary restriction, which is one of the many stewardship strategies, can minimize selection pressure for resistance. We evaluate the consequent impact of this intervention on bacteremia patients infected with P. aeruginosa in the US. Methods We developed a population-genetic model of selection for CR. Increases in CR were modeled as a consequence of inappropriate prescription. Inappropriate empiric therapy, i.e. antibiotic, did not cover the organism or appropriate coverage not started within 2-days, was estimated from a published study and future projections were based on historical resistance frequencies and yearly carbapenem consumption associated with P. aeruginosa bacteremia. We projected peak P. aeruginosa CR frequencies and cumulative CR cases from 2020–2040. We compared scenarios without carbapenem restriction to usage decreased linearly by an amount demonstrated in a previous hospital study (51.7%) over 5 years of implementation starting in 2020 (early implementation) or 2030 (late implementation). Results Early and late implementation of carbapenem restriction leads to CR frequencies that ascend as high as 42% and 74% respectively eventually mitigating those frequencies by bringing them down to 23% and 37% respectively. By 2045, early carbapenem restriction could prevent 29,600 CR cases of P. aeruginosa bacteremia, compared to 15,200 prevented by late implementation. Conclusion We demonstrate that early restriction of carbapenem consumption could markedly reduce future CR in P. aeruginosa bacteremia patients. Implementing early carbapenem restriction should be expected to result in a lower ultimate frequency of CR and a lower number of cumulative cases of resistant infections, thereby decreasing the overall burden of CR cases that will be encountered in the future. Disclosures Jeffrey Townsend, PhD, Merck (Consultant)Merck (Consultant) Sanjay Merchant, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee) Alison Galvani, PhD, Merck (Consultant)

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