scholarly journals External location of touch is constructed post-hoc based on limb choice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke Maij ◽  
Christian Seegelke ◽  
W. Pieter Medendorp ◽  
Tobias Heed
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
External Stimulus ◽  
Bimanual Movement ◽  
Automatic Computation ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Stimulus Localization ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Point

AbstractWhen humans indicate on which hand a tactile stimulus occurred, they often err when their hands are crossed. This finding seemingly supports the view that the automatically determined touch location in external space affects limb assignment: the crossed right hand is localized in left space, and this conflict presumably provokes hand assignment errors. Here, participants judged on which hand the first of two stimuli, presented during a bimanual movement, had occurred, and then indicated its external location by a reach-to-point movement. When participants incorrectly chose the hand stimulated second, they pointed to where that hand had been at the correct, first time point, though no stimulus had occurred at that location. This behavior suggests that stimulus localization depended on hand assignment, not vice versa. It is, thus, incompatible with the notion of automatic computation of external stimulus location upon occurrence. Instead, humans construct external touch location post-hoc and on demand.

scholarly journals External location of touch is constructed post-hoc based on limb choice

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke Maij ◽  
Christian Seegelke ◽  
W Pieter Medendorp ◽  
Tobias Heed
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
External Stimulus ◽  
Bimanual Movement ◽  
Automatic Computation ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Stimulus Localization ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Point

When humans indicate on which hand a tactile stimulus occurred, they often err when their hands are crossed. This finding seemingly supports the view that the automatically determined touch location in external space affects limb assignment: the crossed right hand is localized in left space, and this conflict presumably provokes hand assignment errors. Here, participants judged on which hand the first of two stimuli, presented during a bimanual movement, had occurred, and then indicated its external location by a reach-to-point movement. When participants incorrectly chose the hand stimulated second, they pointed to where that hand had been at the correct, first time point, though no stimulus had occurred at that location. This behavior suggests that stimulus localization depended on hand assignment, not vice versa. It is, thus, incompatible with the notion of automatic computation of external stimulus location upon occurrence. Instead, humans construct external touch location post-hoc and on demand.

Response-Specific Scalp Distributions in Deception Detection and ERP Correlates of Psychopathic Personality Traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette R. Miller ◽  
J. Peter Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
P300 Component ◽  
Psychopathic Personality Inventory ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
First Time

Abstract University students were screened using items from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory and divided into high (n = 13) and low (n = 11) Psychopathic Personality Trait (PPT) groups. The P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was recorded as each group completed a two-block autobiographical oddball task, responding honestly during the first (Phone) block, in which oddball items were participants' home phone numbers, and then feigning amnesia in response to approximately 50% of items in the second (Birthday) block in which oddball items were participants' birthdates. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes correctly identified 100% of low PPT and 92% of high PPT participants as having intact recognition. Both groups demonstrated malingering-related P300 amplitude reduction. For the first time, P300 amplitude and topography differences were observed between honest and deceptive responses to Birthday items. No main between-group P300 effects resulted. Post-hoc analysis revealed between-group differences in a frontally located post-P300 component. Honest responses were associated with late frontal amplitudes larger than deceptive responses at frontal sites in the low PPT group only.

scholarly journals Efficacy of compressed sodium chloride (CSC) against E. coli and Candida auris in minutes and methods improvement for testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan N. Truong ◽  
Brayden D. Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Antimicrobial Surfaces ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Point

AbstractControlling infections has become one of the biggest problems in the world, whether measured in lives lost or money spent. This is worsening as pathogens continue becoming resistant to therapeutics. Antimicrobial surfaces are one strategy being investigated in an attempt to decrease the spread of infections through the most common route of transmission: surfaces, including hands. Regulators have chosen two hours as the time point at which efficacy should be measured. The objectives of this study were to characterize the new antimicrobial surface compressed sodium chloride (CSC) so that its action may be understood at timepoints more relevant to real-time infection control, under two minutes; to develop a sensitive method to test efficacy at short time points; and to investigate antifungal properties for the first time. E. coli and Candida auris are added to surfaces, and the surfaces are monitored by contact plate, or by washing into collection vats. An improved method of testing antimicrobial efficacy is reported. Antimicrobial CSC achieves at least 99.9% reduction of E. coli in the first two minutes of contact, and at least 99% reduction of C. auris in one minute.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers at a COVID-19 referral hospital in Milan, Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107060
Author(s):  
Laura Milazzo ◽  
Alessia Lai ◽  
Laura Pezzati ◽  
Letizia Oreni ◽  
Annalisa Bergna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Referral Centre ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Professional Exposure ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Point

ObjectivesHealthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this single-centre prospective study was to evaluate the trend of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCWs working at the primary referral centre for infectious diseases and bioemergencies (eg, COVID-19) in Northern Italy and investigate the factors associated with seroconversion.MethodsSix hundred and seventy-nine HCW volunteers were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies three times between 4 March and 27 May 2020 and completed a questionnaire covering COVID-19 exposure, symptoms and personal protective equipment (PPE) training and confidence at each time.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rose from 3/679 to 26/608 (adjusted prevalence: 0.5%, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.7% and 5.4%, 95% CI 3.6 to 7.9, respectively) between the first two time points and then stabilised, in line with the curve of the COVID-19 epidemic in Milan. From the first time point, 61.6% of the HCWs had received training in the use of PPE and 17 (61.5%) of those who proved to be seropositive reported symptoms compatible with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Contacts with ill relatives or friends and self-reported symptoms were independently associated with an increased likelihood of seroconversion (p<0.0001 for both), whereas there was no significant association with professional exposure.ConclusionThe seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among the HCWs at our COVID-19 referral hospital was low at the time of the peak of the epidemic. The seroconversions were mainly attributable to extrahospital contacts, probably because the hospital readily adopted effective infection control measures. The relatively high number of asymptomatic seropositive HCWs highlights the need to promptly identify and isolate potentially infectious HCWs.

scholarly journals Encoding of Tactile Stimulus Location by Somatosensory Thalamocortical Ensembles

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 3761-3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif A. Ghazanfar ◽  
Christopher R. Stambaugh ◽  
Miguel A. L. Nicolelis
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Location

scholarly journals Deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder: A review of results by anatomical target

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Borders ◽  
Frank Hsu ◽  
Alexander J. Sweidan ◽  
Emily S. Matei ◽  
Robert G. Bota
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
First Time ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Time Point

Studies suggest deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a treatment modality for the refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It is unclear where to place the DBS. Various sites are proposed for placement with the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) among the most studied. Herein, we aim to summarize both quantitative Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) data and qualitative descriptions of the participants’ symptoms when given. A literature search conducted via PubMed yielded 32 articles. We sought to apply a standard based on the utilization of YBOCS. This yielded 153 distinct patients. The outcome measure we focused on in this review is the latest YBOCS score reported for each patient/cohort in comparison to the location of the DBS. A total of 32 articles were found in the search results. In total, 153 distinct patients’ results were reported in these studies. Across this collection of papers, a total of 9 anatomic structures were targeted. The majority of studies showed a better response at the last time point as compared to the first time point. Most patients had DBS at nucleus accumbens followed by VC/VS and the least patients had DBS at the bilateral superolateral branch of the median forebrain bundle and the bilateral basolateral amygdala. The average YBOCS improvement did not seem to directly correlate with the percentile of patients responding to the intervention. Well-controlled, randomized studies with larger sample sizes with close follow up are needed to provide a more accurate determination for placement of DBS for OCD.

scholarly journals Peak Thrombin and D-Dimer Levels in Subjects with Severe Hemophilia Receiving Acute Treatment for Bleeding Episodes Experienced during Prophylactic Marstacimab Treatment

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Satyaprakash Nayak ◽  
Sangeeta Raje ◽  
John Teeter ◽  
Lutz Harnisch ◽  
Steven Arkin
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Episode ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Phase 2 Study ◽  
Bleeding Episodes ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
D Dimer

Introduction: Marstacimab is a fully humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 that targets the shared K2 domains of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)α and (TFPI)β and is currently in phase 3 development. The intended indication is routine prophylaxis treatment to prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A or B (with or without inhibitors). Factor replacement or bypass treatment for bleeding events may lead to increased levels of peak thrombin and D-dimer associated with an increased risk of thrombosis . In this post hoc analysis of data from a phase 2 study in patients with hemophilia with and without bleeding episodes, receiving prophylactic marstacimab treatment, peak thrombin and D-dimer levels were investigated to assess the changes in these biomarker levels observed after bleeding episodes. Methods: Individual subject data from the phase 2 study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02974855)were used for this analysis. Biomarker data for healthy volunteers who received single doses of marstacimab in a phase 1 dose escalation study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02531815) were used as control data, as these subjects represent an intact and uncompromised coagulation system. Study subjects in the phase 2 study received subcutaneous (SC) marstacimab at doses of (1) 150 mg once weekly (QW), with a loading dose of 300 mg, (2) 300 mg QW, and (3) 450 mg QW. All subjects with bleeding episodes were identified, along with on-demand treatment administered for each bleeding episode. Treatments permitted for bleeding episodes included activated coagulation factor VIIa, factor VIII, or factor IX; use of activated prothrombin complex concentrate was prohibited. D-dimer and peak thrombin data collected within 3 days after each bleeding episode were used for this analysis. Time profiles of peak thrombin and D-dimer levels were analyzed to assess the effect of bleed treatment. Biomarker profiles were compared between subjects with and without bleeding episodes, as well as with the data from healthy volunteers (n=41). Results: A total of 15 bleeding episodes were reported in 8 of 26 subjects during the study (excluding screening and follow-up). No subject participating in the study showed any relevant increases in D-dimer levels after receiving on-demand treatment for a bleeding episode while receiving regular prophylaxis with marstacimab, compared with levels seen in subjects who did not experience a bleeding episode. Based on the peak thrombin data (see Figure), 150 nM was observed as the upper limit for 18 of 26 subjects who did not experience any bleeding episodes, which was approximately 50% of the 300 nM observed in healthy volunteer controls treated with 450 mg intravenous marstacimab. Transient increases in peak thrombin of &gt;150 nM were observed at several time points in 3 of 8 subjects who experienced bleeding episodes. The highest peak thrombin level reported was approximately 211 nM in one subject receiving marstacimab 300 mg SC QW and factor VIII concentrate on demand during the study. Conclusions: No transient increases in D-dimer could be attributed to the administration of bleeding episode treatment. The transient increases in peak thrombin levels following on-demand treatment for bleeding episodes did not exceed peak thrombin levels seen in subjects without bleeding events or the levels seen in healthy volunteer controls receiving single doses of marstacimab. Based on peak thrombin and D-dimer levels observed in this post hoc analysis, there does not appear to be any indication of an increased risk of thrombosis post administration of acute on-demand bleeding episode treatment while on prophylactic marstacimab therapy at the doses studied. Disclosures Nayak: Pfizer Inc.: Current Employment, Other. Raje:Pfizer Inc.: Current Employment, Other. Teeter:Pfizer Inc.: Current Employment. Harnisch:Pfizer Inc.: Current Employment, Other. Arkin:Pfizer: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Other: own stock/options in the company.

Effects of Selectin Antagonist GMI-1070 on the Activation State of Leukocytes In Sickle Cell Patients Not In Crisis

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 2672-2672
Author(s):  
Scott I Simon ◽  
Shannon Chase ◽  
Sandra K Larkin ◽  
Frans Kuypers ◽  
Lori Styles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Employment Equity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Abstract 2672 It is hypothesized that activated leukocytes play key roles in sickle cell vaso-occlusion by adhering to inflamed venules and capturing circulating platelets and sickle red blood cells. GMI-1070 is a small molecule selectin antagonist which was recently reported to reverse acute vascular occlusion in a humanized sickle cell disease (SCD) mouse model (Chang et al, Blood 2010) presumably by inhibiting E-selectin and its effects on downstream signaling of leukocyte activation. Sickle cell patients express elevated levels of soluble E-selectin (Kato et al, Brit J Haem 2005) activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) (Lum et al Amer J Hem 2004) and platelet/monocyte aggregates (PMA) (Wun et al Clin Lab Haem 2002). In this study, the activation state of leukocytes from whole blood samples of sickle cell patients not in crisis before and after infusion of GMI-1070 was evaluated ex vivo. Isolated PMN from normal, healthy volunteers were strongly activated by binding soluble E-selectin/hIg in vitro as determined by a 7-fold increase of the integrin MAC1 (CD11b) and an 8-fold increase in expression of the high affinity form of CD18 detected by antibody 327C. Addition of GMI-1070 completely blocked upregulation of MAC1 and 327C at 50μg/ml and showed pronounced inhibition (79% MAC1; 75% 327C) at 10μg/ml. These in vitro concentrations are consistent with blood levels of GMI-1070 found in sickle cell patients 4 and 8 hours after dosing. A phase 1/2 study was conducted on 10 adult subjects with SCD at steady state. GMI-1070 was given IV at 20mg/kg as a loading dose and at 10 hours a final dose of 10mg/kg was given. Blood samples were drawn from these adults pre-infusion and at 8, 24, and 48 hours after the initial infusion. In some subjects, a blood sample was also drawn at 4 hours post infusion. Activation of PMN's in whole blood samples from subjects was assessed by upregulation of MAC-1, expression of the high affinity CD18 and the loss of CD62L due to shedding of L-selectin determined by flow cytometric analysis of cell surface labeling with fluorescently conjugated antibodies. Of 4 subjects tested, 3 showed increased surface expression of L-selectin, 3 showed decreased expression of MAC-1, and 2 showed decreased expression of high affinity CD11b at the first time point tested (4 or 8hr) after dosing with GMI-1070 suggesting an inhibition of PMN activation in these patients. A functional consequence of monocyte activation is the formation of platelet/monocyte aggregates due to expression of high affinity integrins. Platelet-monocytes aggregates (PMA) in blood were detected using anti-CD11c for monocytes and anti-CD41a for platelets. Treatment of samples with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for positive controls. Intracellular IL-1β was used as a marker of activated monocytes. In 5 patients out of 6 tested with this assay, PMA in the subject's blood were decreased at the first time point after dosing (8hr). These results are consistent with an effect of GMI-1070 on inhibition of activation given its IC50 value for E-selectin (4.3μM), the blood concentration in subjects after dosing, and the serum half life (7.7hr) in steady state sickle cell adults. Conclusions: GMI-1070 significantly inhibited E-selectin-mediated activation of PMNs in vitro as determined by expression of the integrin MAC-1 and high affinity CD18 at 10μg/ml. Similar concentrations of GMI-1070 in sickle cell subjects' blood at 4 and 8 hours after dosing also resulted in a lowered activation state of PMNs identified by reduced expression of cell surface integrin molecules as well as the inhibition of shedding of L-selectin in some cases. A more functional measure of leukocyte activation is the aggregation of platelets on monocyte cell surfaces. In 5 of 6 subjects tested, GMI-1070 reduced PMA 8 hours after dosing. Thus, GMI-1070 not only inhibits E-selectin, but also blocks the expression of downstream integrin adhesion molecules that together play crucial roles in vaso-occlusion by promoting the adhesion to platelets and erythrocytes in the formation of occlusions that block blood flow. The effects of GMI-1070 on the activation state of leukocytes via the inhibition of functional adhesion molecules in steady state sickle cell subjects supports the further evaluation of treatment with GMI-1070 during vaso-occlusive episodes. Disclosures: Simon: GlycoMimetics: Research Funding. Chase:GlycoMimetics:.Kuypers:GlycoMimetics Inc.: Research Funding. Styles:GlycoMimetics: Consultancy, clinical trial sponsorship. Wun:GlycoMimetics Inc.: Consultancy, clinical trial sponsorship. Thackray:GlycoMimetics: Employment, Equity Ownership. Magnani:GlycoMimetics: Employment, Equity Ownership. Off Label Use: The drug (GMI-1070) is not approved for any clinical indication.

Onset of neutropenia as an indicator of treatment response in the phase 3 RECOURSE trial of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) versus placebo in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 775-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ohtsu ◽  
Takayuki Yoshino ◽  
Alfredo Falcone ◽  
Rocio Garcia-Carbonero ◽  
Guillem Argiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Initial Onset ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
First Time ◽  
Clinical Trial Information

775 Background: TAS-102 is comprised of an antineoplastic thymidine-based nucleoside analog, trifluridine (FTD), and a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor, tipiracil. Primary results of the RECOURSE trial demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with TAS-102 vs placebo (pbo) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory/intolerant to standard therapies. Neutropenia is a common TAS-102–associated adverse event and it has been hypothesized to be associated with a relatively high FTD concentration in pts. Methods: RECOURSE data were analyzed post hoc for correlations between onset of neutropenia (Grade 3/4) and survival benefit. Results: Of 533 pts given TAS-102, 75 (14%) developed Grade 3/4 neutropenia in treatment cycle 1, 86 (16%) for the first time in cycle 2, and 39 (7%) for the first time in cycle ≥3. Onset of neutropenia at any cycle was associated with longer median OS and PFS compared with no neutropenia. A consistent survival benefit was observed regardless of the cycle of initial onset of neutropenia, as demonstrated by the hazard ratio (against cycle-matched pbo control groups) and corresponding median OS differences (Table). Conclusions: An association between occurrence of earliest onset of Grade 3/4 neutropenia and survival benefit was observed. The data indicate that such survival benefit occurred regardless of whether the initial onset of neutropenia occurred after cycle 1, cycle 2, or later. Further analyses are required to fully determine whether FTD pharmacokinetics correlate with TAS-102 efficacy and onset of neutropenia, and whether cycle initiation delays affect response. Clinical trial information: NCT01607957. [Table: see text]

The Death of Mac Con

PMLA ◽  
1945 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-345
Author(s):  
Myles Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Lecture Series ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
First Time

The story of the deposition and death of Mac Con is told in The Battle of Mag Mucrama, §§59–77 of Stokes' edition, RC 13, 460–467, and there is an account of his death in the “historical” tract in Laud 610, edited by Meyer, Fianaigecht 28 (RIA Todd Lecture Series xvi, 1910). There is an independent story in YBL, which is here edited for the first time, and may represent one of the sources upon which the author of The Battle of Mag Mucrama has drawn. He did not merely copy it, for his text varies considerably in vocabulary, and by omission and addition. Yet the two texts are closely related, and Stokes' edition, referred to in the notes as L, has been of great value to me in reading and interpreting the text presented here. According to this text Mac Con was king of Ireland for thirty years, and this is also the tradition of the tract in Laud. In L he reigns for seven years (§59), but the alternative tradition is recorded in §77. In the LL text of the Battle of Crinna the period is twenty-seven years, LL fcs. 328 f 16 (O'Grady, Silva Gadelicaii, 491). The Annals of Tigernach say: Ailii aiunt Lugaid Mac Con post hoc bellum regnase [annis xviii] uel xxx ut alii aiunt, RC 17, 11. The source of the words in square brackets in Stokes' edition is not stated. It would be necessary to examine unpublished historical poems, genealogies, and regnal lists in order to trace the origin of these conflicting numbers. Confusion often arises from the use of Roman numerals in manuscripts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document