Recent trends in labor productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guzel Salimova ◽  
Alisa Ableeva ◽  
Aygul Galimova ◽  
Ramzilya Bakirova ◽  
Tatiana Lubova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Second Stage Labor ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeUsing the example of Russia, this paper studied and analyzed productivity of the labor force in agriculture as an important industry for ensuring the sustainable development of the country.Design/methodology/approachAt the first examination stage, the time series of data on labor productivity and real wages in agri-food companies were examined as modern works on the matter tend to highlight the relationship between productivity and remuneration insufficiently. At the second stage, labor productivity was assessed through the rate of change in the share of wages in the gross domestic product. At the last stage, an applied model of the relationship between labor productivity in agriculture and various impact factors was developed.FindingsIt showed that the efficiency of the labor force in the considered area depends greatly on technical equipment and crop yield. Besides, the study findings revealed that the traditional economic relationship between productivity and wages is invalid in the examined regions of Russia. There is a significant reserve for increasing labor productivity by providing additional motivation for employees.Originality/valueThe successful development of agricultural production can be achieved by implementing innovations, facilitating digitalization, attracting investments, increasing the level of interest of those employed in labor results and producing high-quality goods.

Can labor productivity growth reduce carbon emission? Evidence from OECD countries and China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueli Chen ◽  
Wanshu Ma ◽  
Vivian Valdmanis
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the challenges involved in the trade-offs of labor productivity and per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emission.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, we used a balanced dataset of 36 OECD countries and China between 1990 and 2018. We examined the relationship between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emission for OECD countries and China based on an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Further, the fixed effects model of estimation was employed to examine the impact of variables during the sample period and explore the relationship between predictor and outcome variables within an entity while controlling for all time-invariant differences.FindingsThis study confirmed the existence of the N-shape EKC hypothesis in 36 OECD countries and China. This implies that at the initial development stage, per capita CO2 emission increased with labor productivity; however, after reaching certain threshold, per capita CO2 emission began to fall with rising labor productivity. Then the per capita CO2 emission rises again when labor productivity continually increases.Originality/valueIn this study, we explored the dynamic association between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emissions for 36 OECD countries and China under the EKC framework from 1990 to 2018 by using the labor productivity and per capita CO2 emission as economic and environmental indicators of one country respectively. This study’s contribution showed the following: first, the empirical findings confirmed the N-shape relationship between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emissions for 36 OECD countries and China; second, the findings demonstrated that the association among the underlying variables by testing through the fixed effect model.

Thirty years of the Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies: a bibliometric analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Sik Kim ◽  
Sol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Korean Journal ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a retrospective on the Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies (JDQS) on its 30th anniversary based on a bibliometric analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the performance analysis to analyze patterns in JDQS's publications, citations and citation indices over the years. To investigate the relationship among keywords and authors, the authors of this paper employ science mapping by analyzing keyword-level networks and author-level networks using the KCI- Korean Journal Database of WOS. The authors use VOSviewer for bibliographic analysis and cluster analysis at the keyword and author levels. To study the effect of JDQS articles' attributes on citations of the articles, the authors conduct a regression analysis with KCI data. The authors regress the citations for each article on the article's attributes.FindingsJDQS's yearly publications, citations, impact factors and centrality indices grew in the early 2010s before diminishing in 2020. Keyword network analysis reveals that JDQS's main keywords include behavioral finance, implied volatility, information asymmetry, price discovery, KOSPI200 futures, volatility and KOSPI200 options. Citations of JDQS articles are mainly driven by article age, demeaned age squared, conference, nonacademic authors and language. Based on the number of views and downloads of JDQS articles, the authors find that recent changes in publisher and editorial and publishing policies have increased the journal's visibility.Originality/valueThis study quantitatively analyzed the bibliographic information of papers published in JDQS, a representative Korean academic journal in the finance area. This confirms the academic contribution of JDQS over the past 30 years and provides implications for future strategies of the journal. It shows the patterns in JDQS's publications, citations and citation indices and identifies the main authors and most cited papers. However, there is no such bibliometric analysis on Korean financial journals; thus, this study can contribute to the literature in this point.

scholarly journals Panel Estimation for the Relationship between Real Wage, Inflation and Labor Productivity for OECD Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevilay Konya ◽  
Zeynep Karaçor ◽  
Mücahide Küçüksucu
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Real Wage ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Panel Estimation ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Wage Inflation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cointegration Relationship

There are studies examining the relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity in the economic literature. Increase in real wages causes to an increase in labor productivity. On the other hand, productivity increases also induce inflation to fall. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity in the 22 OECD countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, United States) in the period of 1995-2017 by panel data methods. According to results, the cointegration relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity was found. In addition, mutual causality was determined between the variables we discussed.

Labor-use efficiency and New York dairy farm financial performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-665
Author(s):  
Jing Yi ◽  
Jennifer Ifft
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Hired Labor ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Dairy farms, along with livestock and specialty crop farms, face a tight labor supply and increasing labor costs. To overcome the challenging labor market, farm managers can increase labor-use efficiency through both human resource and capital investments. However, little is known about the relationship between such investments and farm profitability. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between dairy farm financial performance and labor-use efficiency, as measured by labor productivity (milk sold per worker equivalent); labor costs (hired labor cost per unit of milk sold and hired labor cost per worker); and investment in labor-saving equipment. Design/methodology/approach Cluster analysis is applied to partition dairy farms into three performance categories (high/middle/low), based on farms’ rate of return on equity, asset turnover ratios and net dairy income per hundredweight of milk. Next, the annual financial rank is fitted into both random- and farm-level fixed-effects ordered logit and linear models to estimate the relationship between dairy farms’ financial performance and labor-use efficiency. This study also investigates the implications of using a single financial indicator as a measure of financial performance, which is the dominant approach in literature. Findings The study finds that greater labor productivity and cost efficiency (as measured by hired labor cost per unit of milk sold) are associated with better farm financial performance. No statistically significant relationship is found between farm financial performance and both hired labor cost per worker and advance milking systems (a proxy of capital investment in labor-saving technology). Future studies would benefit from better measurements of labor-saving technology. This study also demonstrates inconsistency in regression results when individual financial variables are used as a measure of financial performance. The greater labor-use efficiency on high-performing farms may be a combination of hiring more-skilled workers and managerial strategies of reducing unnecessary labor activities. The results emphasize the importance of managerial strategies that improve overall labor-use efficiency, instead of simply minimizing total labor expenses or labor cost per worker. Originality/value This study examines the importance of labor productivity and labor cost efficiency for dairy farm management. It also develops a novel approach which brings a more comprehensive financial performance evaluation into regression models. Furthermore, this study explicitly demonstrates the potential for inconsistent results when using individual financial variable as a measure of financial performance, which is the dominant measurement of financial performance in farm management studies.

scholarly journals The Linkage of Employment to Poverty in Central Java at 2010-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Sartika Andari Murti ◽  
Robert Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Spatial Error ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

In 2017, Central Java was the second largest contributor to the GDP in Java but still has poverty and employment problems. In this research, wellbeing can approach with per capita expenditure. Empirically per capita expenditure has spatial relevance. This study aims to determine the relationship between employment indicators and the spending spatially in Central Java. The variables used are expenditure, labor force participation, labor productivity, minimum wage of regency/city, and the average length of the school. The analytical method used to determine the relationship is spatial panel regression with the Spatial Error Model fixed effect. The results obtained are labor force participation, labor productivity, minimum wage of regency/city, and the average length of the school, and spatial error dependencies have a significant positive effect on expenditure. Suggestions proposed are to increase employment through investments, especially in education, and to increase cooperation between regencies/cities in poverty alleviation efforts.JEL Classification: E2, E22, I3, I32, I38, J2, J21, J23.How to Cite:Murti, S. A., & Kurniawan, R. (2020). The Linkage of Employment to Poverty in Central Java. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 195-206. https:// doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.14466.

scholarly journals Digital transformation, development and productivity in developing countries: is artificial intelligence a curse or a blessing?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Aly
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The entire world is now witnessing the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is indeed altering the lives of the many in both developing and developed countries. Massive digital transformations are affecting the economies of those countries and are bringing with them many promised merits, as well as many challenges to face. This paper aims to examine the relationship between digital transformation (as a one facet of the fourth revolution and AI trends) on one side, and economic development, labor productivity and employment on the other side. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes different indices of digital transformation, and then uses the Digital Evolution Index (DEI) to study those relationships in a group of developing countries using feasible generalized least squares method (FGLS). Findings The results show a positive relationship between the digital transformation index and economic development, labor productivity and job employment. Females seem to gain more from digital transformation compared to males, as suggested by the positive relation with the first and the insignificant relation with the latter. The relationship with vulnerable employment is not significant; more evidence is still needed to judge whether digital transformation will have an impact upon the vulnerable employees in the economy. Research limitations/implications The paper focused on the impact of digital transformation upon total aggregate employment. Future research is still needed to examine the impact upon the structure of the labor market and the shift of occupations. Originality/value The paper aims to add to in the literature regarding the relationship between digital transformation, economic development, employment and productivity in the developing world. The implications of those relationships are of significant importance to policymakers regarding how much support should be given to encourage the digital transformation. At the same time, it shall also indicate how much social support policies are required – if any – to lessen the negative impact of digital transformation on the vulnerable groups inside the country. Another contribution is using a single composite index for digital transformation that is comparable across the chosen set of developing countries, instead of using single indices each capturing a different dimension of digital transformation.

Can rewards incentives of non-state-owned enterprises realize co-win cooperation of workers, enterprises and the society?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-206
Author(s):  
Junqing Yang ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Rewards ◽  
Career Opportunity

Purpose This paper aims to examine whether rewards incentives of non-state-owned enterprises can settle the matters of motivation lack, strained labor relations and frequent labor-capital conflicts and realize co-win cooperation of workers, enterprises and the society. Design/methodology/approach Based on the data of 1,617 questionnaires in 257 enterprises, this research reveals the total rewards factors that affect the labor motivation of non-stated-owned enterprises in China and improve labor productivity by adopting the hierarchical linear regression analysis and multi-group path analysis, and establishes a new model of win-win cooperation between labor and capital and the society through the incentive function of these elements by stimulating the enthusiasm of workers, improving labor productivity, increasing profits, expanding capital accumulation and absorbing labor force. Findings The authors have discovered that in general the main incentives that stimulate the enthusiasm of employees are the factors of performance and recognition and development and career opportunity in total rewards. The factor of benefits also has a significant incentive effect on employees in the western area of China, migrant workers with lower education and male employees, but negative effect on the post-1990s employees in non-state-owned enterprises. However, the compensation factor should be used with caution when encouraging employees in eastern region and the post-1980s. The total rewards factors of development and career opportunities and the performance and the recognition and benefits should be used to motivate workers to improve labor productivity, increase corporate profits and absorb more labor force, which is a long-term solution to win-win cooperation between labor and capital and social sustainable development. It is an important way to increase profits and absorb more labor force by increasing employee’s human capital investment and improving labor proficiency of employees under age 45. The conclusions provide new effective management methods for non-state-owned enterprises in China. Practical implications As a consequence, it will encourage employees to improve labor productivity and increase profits and thus absorb more labor force, if we use these factors of performance and recognition, development and career opportunity and benefits integratedly, we will find a permanent solution that the two sides of the labor and management and the society enjoy a win-win cooperation. Originality/value The research will provide theoretical basis for non-state-owned enterprises to apply a new and effective management style so that we can establish a win-win cooperation between the labor and management. What’s more, the research will develop the Dual Economy Theory of Lewis and the employment theory of Keynes and will also provide a theoretical basis for the realization of Taylor’s harmonious industrial relations.

scholarly journals Labor Productivity And Real Wages In Macedonia: An Overview Before And After The Global Economic Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Predrag Trpeski ◽  
Ljupcho Eftimov ◽  
Marijana Cvetanoska
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Opposite Sign ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The Real ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the paper is to examine the relationship between the labor productivity and real net wages in Macedonia at the level of the whole economy, and in the sectors of industry and agriculture, both, in the period 2006-2015, i.e. shortly before the commencement and after the Great financial and economic crisis. The paper starts from the assumption that greater labor productivity causes changes in real net wages which are in the same direction. Studies that are previously made show that there is an expressed quantitative relationship between the labor productivity and real net wages in Macedonia in the period 1995-2003. But results obtained in this paper show that the Great financial and economic crisis has influence on this relations. Thus, quantitative relationship between labor productivity and real net wages in the analyzed period is very low, and even that their relationships are with the opposite sign. This leads to the conclusion that during and the period after the crisis, changes in labor productivity did not have an impact on the real net wages in Macedonia, or they had a little impact, and in some cases the impact is in the opposite direction. Taking into consideration that in the period during and after crisis are recorded small but permanent increasing of the wages in the country, it is obvious that such increase is not due to changes in labor productivity but more to other factors.

scholarly journals Has the Emergence of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Increased Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Use and Resistance?: a 10-Year Time Series Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 5655-5660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jameson B. Wood ◽  
Donald B. Smith ◽  
Errol H. Baker ◽  
Stephen M. Brecher ◽  
Kalpana Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThere are an increasing number of indications for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use, including skin and soft tissue infections due to community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA). Assessing the relationship between rates of use and antibiotic resistance is important for maintaining the expected efficacy of this drug for guideline-recommended conditions. Using interrupted time series analysis, we aimed to determine whether the 2005 emergence of CA-MRSA and recommendations of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as the preferred therapy were associated with changes in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use and susceptibility rates. The data from all VA Boston Health Care System facilities, including 118,863 inpatient admissions, 6,272,661 outpatient clinic visits, and 10,138 isolates were collected over a 10-year period. There was a significant (P= 0.02) increase in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prescriptions in the post-CA-MRSA period (1,605/year) compared to the pre-CA-MRSA period (1,538/year). Although the overall susceptibility ofEscherichia coliandProteusspp. to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased over the study period, the rate of change in the pre- versus the post-CA-MRSA period was not significantly different. The changes in susceptibility rates ofS. aureusto trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and to methicillin were also not significantly different. The CA-MRSA period is associated with a significant increase in use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but not with significant changes in the rates of susceptibilities among clinical isolates. There is also no evidence for selection of organisms with increased resistance to other antimicrobials in relation to increased trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use.

Relationship between washing ratio and chromatic aberration

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Xuemei Ding ◽  
Fenjuan Shao ◽  
Yutong Han ◽  
Xiongying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Washing Efficiency ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Denim, a common fade fabric, can present different degrees of fade under different washing conditions. The phenomenon is similar to the washing efficiency. This study aims to discuss the relationship between impact factors and washing efficiency as well as the color fastness. Design/methodology/approach JMP software was used to design different experiments and 40 experimental groups were obtained. Then Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used to analyze the results about washing efficiency and chromatic aberration. Findings Results showed that washing temperature, washing time and rotation speed have an effect on color fastness after washing in turn. In a certain range, when washing temperature, washing time or rotation speed increases, color fastness gradually increases as well. These three washing parameters work on washing efficiency as well. After setting and analyzing the mathematical model, the R² between the three washing parameters and washing efficiency is 0.855 and the R² between the three washing parameters and the post-wash chromatic is 0.849. There is a correlation between “Washing Efficiency of Sebum RM (P)” and “Post-wash Chromatic aberration (Q)”. Practical implications Denim could be used in some tests in laboratories instead of sebum standard stain cloth. Originality/value This paper provides an indirect research and feasible method for exploring a new object instead of the standard pollution cloth in the test of related textile study in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document