Removal and tribological behaviors of waxy deposition layer in cleaning process

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
Yanbao Guo ◽  
Shuhai Liu ◽  
Guibin Tan ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Deguo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rake Angle ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Cleaning Machine

Purpose The wax deposition in oil wells and pipelines is very viciously negative to the petroleum extraction and crude oil transportation, and it even causes severe blockage accident. This study aims to describe cleaning experiments performed on wax deposition of different deposition layer and experimental conditions to investigate the removal and tribological properties and chip formation. Design/methodology/approach An optical arrangement was used to visually record the cleaning process, whereas the friction forces were measured by a custom-built tribometer. Various measurements were performed with tool rake angles of 45° and −30° and cleaning depths from 1 to 5 mm. Findings Results from experiments and modeling suggest that the transition of chip was dependent on rake angle, wax performance and cleaning depth. While the cleaning depth increased, the friction and cleaning resistant force also increased. With the increase of cleaning depth, the wax layer cleaning quantity increased and the chip strengthened; hence, the curvature radius of chip was enhanced to form platy chip. The chip of wax–oil mixture was discontinuous units, and it was easy to adhere on the rake face with the increasing depth of cut. With an increase in cleaning depth, the friction and cleaning-resistant force also increased. Originality/value It is concluded that for effectively cleaning and stabilizing of pipeline cleaning machine, different cleaning parameters should be applied to accommodate wax layer or wax–oil mixture.

Tool/Chip Interfacial Friction Analysis in Atomistic Machining of Polycrystalline Coppers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shi ◽  
Chunhui Ji ◽  
Yachao Wang ◽  
Steve Hsueh-Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Normal Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Rake Angle ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Polycrystalline Copper ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Force Components

Three-dimensional (3D) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is performed to study the tool/chip interface friction phenomenon in machining of polycrystalline copper at atomistic scale. Three polycrystalline copper structures with the equivalent grain sizes of 12.25, 7.72, and 6.26 nm are constructed for simulation. Also, a monocrystalline copper structure is simulated as the benchmark case. Besides the grain size, the effects of depth of cut, cutting speed, and tool rake angle are also considered. It is found that the friction force and normal force distributions along the tool/chip interface in both polycrystalline and monocrystalline machining exhibit similar patterns. The reduction in grain size overall increases the magnitude of normal force along the tool/chip interface, but the normal forces in all polycrystalline cases are smaller than that in the monocrystalline case. In atomistic machining of polycrystalline coppers, the increase of depth of cut consistently increases the normal force along the entire contact area, but this trend cannot be observed for the friction force. In addition, both higher cutting speed and more negative tool rake angle do not bring significant changes to the distributions of normal and friction forces on the interface, but both factors tend to increase the magnitudes of the two force components.

Optimisation of milling parameters with multi-performance characteristic on Al/SiC metal matrix composite using grey-fuzzy logic algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeswari S. ◽  
Sivasakthivel P.S.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Rake Angle ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Minimum Surface

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimum level of geometrical parameters such as helix angle, nose radius, rake angle and machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut to arrive minimum surface roughness and tool wear during end milling of Al 356/SiC metal matrix composites (MMCs) using high speed steel end mill cutter. Design/methodology/approach L27 Taguchi orthogonal design with six factors and three levels is employed for conducting experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is carried out using Minitab16 software to find the influence of each input parameter on output performance measure. Grey-fuzzy logic multi optimisation algorithm is used to find the optimum level of the input parameters for minimum surface roughness and tool wear simultaneously. Findings It is found that optimal combination of helix angle 40°, nose radius 0.8 mm, rake angle 12°, cutting speed 90 m/min, feed rate 0.04 mm/rev and depth of cut 1.5 mm have generated minimum surface roughness of 0.4063 µm and tool wear of 0.0375 mm. From ANOVA analysis, it is found that cutting speed influence is more on output performance followed by helix angle and rake angle compared with other machining and geometrical parameters. Originality/value The influence of tool geometry during end milling of MMC using Grey-fuzzy logic algorithm has not been explored previously.

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy fusion of multi-sensor data for monitoring of CNC machining

Sensor Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Jovic ◽  
Obrad Anicic ◽  
Milivoje Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Periodic Component ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

Purpose Acoustic emission (AE) could be used for prevention and detection of tool errors in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining. The purpose of this study is to analyze the AE form of CNC machining operations. Design/methodology/approach Experimental measurements were performed with three sensors on the CNC lathe to collect the data of the CNC machining. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was applied for the fusion from the sensors’ signals to determine the strength of the signal periodic component among the sensors. Findings There were three inputs, namely, spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. ANFIS was also used to determine the inputs’ influence on the prediction of strength of the signal periodic component. Variable selection process was used to select the most dominant factors which affect the prediction of strength of the signal periodic component. Originality/value Results were shown that the spindle speed has the most dominant effect on the strength of the signal periodic component.

Application of MCDM-based TOPSIS method for the selection of optimal process parameter in turning of pure titanium

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 2009-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhtar Khan ◽  
Kalipada Maity
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cp Ti ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology to determine an optimal combination of process parameters that is capable of generating favorable dimensional accuracy and product quality during turning of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) grade 2. Design/methodology/approach The present paper recommends an optimal combination of cutting parameters with an aim to minimize the cutting force (Fc), surface roughness (Ra), machining temperature (Tm) and to maximize the material removal rate (MRR) after turning of CP-Ti grade 2. This was achieved by the simultaneous optimization of the aforesaid output characteristics (i.e. Fc, Ra, Tm, and MRR) using the MCDM-based TOPSIS method. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array was used for conducting the experiments. The output responses (cutting force: Fc, surface roughness: Ra, machining temperature: Tm and MRR) were integrated together and presented in terms of a single signal-to-noise ratio using the Taguchi method. Findings The results of the proposed methodology depict that the higher MRR with desirable surface quality and the lower cutting force and machining temperature were observed at a combination of cutting variables as follows: cutting speed of 105 m/min, feed rate of 0.12 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.5 mm. The analysis of variance test was conducted to evaluate the significance level of process parameters. It is evident from the aforesaid test that the depth of cut was the most significant process parameter followed by cutting speed. Originality/value The selection of an optimal parametric combination during the machining operation is becoming more challenging as the decision maker has to consider a set of distinct quality characteristics simultaneously. This situation necessitates an efficient decision-making technique to be used during the machining operation. From the past literature, it is noticed that only a few works were reported on the multi-objective optimization of turning parameters using the TOPSIS method so far. Thus, the proposed methodology can help the decision maker and researchers to optimize the multi-objective turning problems effectively in combination with a desirable accuracy.

Effects of absence positioning of unknown product ingredients on consumer evaluations

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 2128-2150
Author(s):  
Timucin Ozcan ◽  
Ahmet M. Hattat ◽  
Michael Hair
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Consumer Evaluations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of positioning unknown ingredients either with the presence or absence of framing; both are common in marketplace (e.g. Secret® deodorant visibly claims “aluminum chlorohydrate” while Crystal® promotes “no aluminum chlorohydrate”). Design/methodology/approach The authors used three scenario-based experiments. The participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk online panel and randomly assigned to a variety of experimental conditions. Findings Initial study results show that consumers have more positive evaluations and purchase intentions for absence positioning than presence positioning, because absence positioning induces greater perceptions of protection. In the second study, these results are extended using multiple ingredients, along with competitor products; they show that absence positioning leads to better evaluations than presence positioning and replicate the mediation effect that was found earlier. In the final study, through manipulating participants’ regulatory focus, the authors show that absence-positioned ingredients have a higher choice share when consumers are in the prevention mindset. Conversely, when customers are in promotion mindset and looking for better performance, presence positioning of ingredients seems to have higher choice shares. Research limitations/implications The research has implications for product development, promotions, labeling and packaging, showing the positive influence of absence positioning of unknown ingredients. Practical implications Marketers may emphasize the absence of unknown ingredients in their products instead of following a strategy that highlights the inclusion of them. Originality/value To the authors’ extant knowledge, this research is an initial attempt to understand how consumers react to promotion of product ingredients. In addition, it contributes to the literature in unknown attributes by showing that absence positioning of certain types of ingredients is perceived better than presence framing of them.

scholarly journals Persistent Interactions with Bacterial Symbionts Direct Mature-Host Cell Morphology and Gene Expression in the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Kremer ◽  
Eric J. Koch ◽  
Adil El Filali ◽  
Lawrence Zhou ◽  
Elizabeth A. C. Heath-Heckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Daily Rhythm ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTIn horizontally transmitted symbioses, structural, biochemical, and molecular features both facilitate host colonization by specific symbionts and mediate their persistent carriage. In the association between the squidEuprymna scolopesand its luminous bacterial partnerVibrio fischeri, the symbionts interact with two epithelial fields; they interact (i) transiently with the superficial ciliated field that potentiates colonization and regresses within days of colonization and (ii) persistently with the cells that line the internal crypts, whose ultrastructure changes in response to the symbionts. Development of the association creates conditions that promote the symbiotic partner over the lifetime of the host. To determine whether light organ maturation requires continuous interactions withV. fischerior only the signaling that occurs during its initiation, we compared 4-week-old squid that were uncolonized with those colonized either persistently by wild-typeV. fischerior transiently by aV. fischerimutant that triggers early events in morphogenesis but does not persist. Microscopic analysis of the light organs showed that, while morphogenesis of the superficial ciliated field is greatly accelerated byV. fischericolonization, its eventual outcome is largely independent of colonization state. In contrast, the symbiont-induced changes in crypt cell shape require persistent host-symbiont interaction, reflected in the similarity between uncolonized and transiently colonized animals. Transcriptomic analyses reflected the microscopy results; host gene expression at 4 weeks was due primarily to the persistent interactions of host and symbiont cells. Further, the transcriptomic signature of specific pathways reflected the daily rhythm of symbiont release and regrowth and required the presence of the symbionts.IMPORTANCEA long-term relationship between symbiotic partners is often characterized by development and maturation of host structures that harbor the symbiont cells over the host’s lifetime. To understand the mechanisms involved in symbiosis maintenance more fully, we studied the mature bobtail squid, whose light-emitting organ, under experimental conditions, can be transiently or persistently colonized byVibrio fischerior remain uncolonized. Superficial anatomical changes in the organ were largely independent of symbiosis. However, both the microanatomy of cells with which symbionts interact and the patterns of gene expression in the mature animal were due principally to the persistent interactions of host and symbiont cells rather than to a response to early colonization events. Further, the characteristic pronounced daily rhythm on the host transcriptome required persistentV. fischericolonization of the organ. This experimental study provides a window into how persistent symbiotic colonization influences the form and function of host animal tissues.

Place–brand stereotypes: does stereotype-consistent messaging matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 754-767
Author(s):  
Brittney C. Bauer ◽  
Clark D. Johnson ◽  
Nitish Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mediating Effect ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Perceived Fit ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Brands ◽  
Place Brand ◽  
Foreign Brands ◽  
Improve Attitude ◽  
Post Hoc

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address an overarching question: Does matching consumer place–brand associations with stereotype-consistent messaging affect consumer perceptions of an advertisement? Design/methodology/approach This paper presents two experiments that examine participants’ differing evaluations of advertisements under various experimental conditions. Study 1 examines the match of place–brand warmth versus competence stereotypes and the use of symbolic versus utilitarian advertising messaging for both new foreign and domestic brands. Study 2 examines this match for global brands. Findings The paper reveals that stereotype-consistent messaging increases the perceived fit between the advertisement and the brand for new foreign brands but not for new domestic or global brands. Furthermore, in a post-hoc analysis, this congruence is found to improve attitude towards the brand, purchase intentions and brand response, through the mediating effect of attitude towards the ad. Originality/value Place–brand stereotypes impact consumer attitudes and opinions regarding brands from different countries. This paper applies two universal social judgment dimensions from social psychology—warmth and competence—to the novel context of advertising messaging to examine previously unexplored facets of the place–brand image.

Development of Tooling Cost Model for High Speed Hard Turning

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 1482-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erry Yulian Triblas Adesta ◽  
Muataz Al Hazza ◽  
Delvis Agusman ◽  
Agus Geter Edy Sutjipto
Keyword(s):  
Feed Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Rake Angle ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Predictive Regression ◽  
Aisi 4340

The current work presents the development of cost model for tooling during high speed hard turning of AISI 4340 hardened steel using regression analysis. A set of experimental data using ceramic cutting tools, composed approximately of Al2O3 (70%) and TiC (30%) on AISI 4340 heat treated to a hardness of 60 HRC was obtained in the following design boundary: cutting speeds (175-325 m/min), feed rate (0.075-0.125 m/rev), negative rake angle (0 to -12) and depth of cut of (0.1-0.15) mm. The output data is used to develop a new model in predicting the tooling cost using in terms of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and rake angle. Box Behnken Design was used in developing the model. Predictive regression model was found to be capable of good predictions the tooling cost within the boundary design.

scholarly journals Effects of Saline, an Ambient Acidic Environment, and Sodium Salicylate on OXA-Mediated Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: TABLE 1

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 3415-3418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Zander ◽  
Harald Seifert ◽  
Paul G. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reference Strains

Different physiological conditions, such as NaCl, low pH, and sodium salicylate, have been shown to affect antibiotic resistance determinants inAcinetobacter baumanniiisolates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NaCl, sodium salicylate, and low pH on the susceptibility ofA. baumanniito carbapenem. We cloned genes encoding oxacillinases (OXA) of different subclasses, with their associated promoters, from carbapenem-resistantA. baumanniiisolates into the same vector and transferred them to theA. baumanniireference strains ATCC 19606 and ATCC 17978. Carbapenem MICs were determined at least in triplicate by agar dilution under standard conditions, as well as in the presence of 200 mM NaCl or 16 mM sodium salicylate, or at pH 5.8. OXA-58-like gene expression was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Under some experimental conditions, significant MIC reductions were shown for some transformants but not for others. Only in one instance were all transformants harboring the same OXA affected by the same condition: at pH 5.8, the imipenem and meropenem MICs for strains expressing OXA-58-like enzymes decreased from a resistant level (32 to 64 mg/liter) to an intermediate-susceptible level (8 mg/liter). However,blaOXA-58-likegene expression remained the same. MICs for both wild-type reference strains were not affected by the conditions tested. Our results indicate that the effects of the experimental conditions tested on OXAin vivoare mostly strain dependent. MICs were not reduced to wild-type levels, suggesting that the conditions tested do not lead to complete OXA inhibition in the bacterial cell.

Sustainable machining. Modeling and optimization of temperature and surface roughness in the milling of AISI D2 steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqib Mashood Khan ◽  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Ahsan Ul Haq ◽  
Salman Hussain ◽  
Longhui Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Aisi D2 Steel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sustainable Machining ◽  
Aisi D2 ◽  
D2 Steel

Purpose Sustainable machining is a global consensus and the necessity to cope up the serious environmental threats. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and nanofluids-based MQL(NFMQL) are state-of-the-art sustainable lubrication modes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of process parameters, such as feed rate, depth of cut and cutting fluid flow rate, on temperature and surface roughness of the manufactured pieces during face milling of the AISI D2 steel. Design/methodology/approach A statistical technique called response surface methodology with Box–Behnken Design was used to design experimental runs, and empirical modeling was presented. Analysis of variance was carried out to evaluate the model’s accuracy and the validation of the applied technique. Findings A comprehensive analysis revealed the superiority of implementing NFMQL in comparison to MQL within the levels of process parameters. The comparison has shown a significant reduction of temperature under NFMQL at the tool-workpiece interface from 16.2 to 34.5 per cent and surface roughness from 11.3 to 12 per cent. Practical implications This research is useful for practitioners to predict the responses in workshop and select appropriate cutting parameters. Moreover, this research will be helpful to reduce the resource which will ultimately save energy consumption and cost. Originality/value To cope with the industrial challenges and tribological issues associated with the milling of AISI D2 steel, experiments were conducted in a distinct machining mode with innovative cooling/lubrication. Until now, few studies have addressed the key lubrication effects of Al2O3-based nanofluid on the machinability of D2 steel under NFMQL lubrication condition.

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