Analysing the moral aspect of qard: a shariah perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Moral Aspect ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the moral aspect of qard (loan) from shariah perspective, and attempts to examine whether each interest-free qard is qualified for the Quranic term qard hasan (loan par excellence)? Also, the study attempts to establish the key constituents of qard hasan in the light of the primary sources of shariah, and seeks to define the legal status of the interest-free qard which fails to qualify for the “term” qard hasan. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses both the primary and secondary sources of shariah to examine the desired character of qard hasan. It employs pure qualitative paradigm to analyse and interpret the data. Findings – This study finds that in between the qard hasan and qard ribawi, there exists a third category of qard too, which neither qualifies for the former nor does fit under the definition of later. Originality/value – The findings presented in this paper illuminate the blurred line of contemporary understanding of qard hasan. The study adds original value to the corpus of contemporary literature on qard; as it collects and enumerates the ten vital conditions of qard hasan, without which, even an interest-free qard holds no virtuous sanctity in the sight of shariah.

Reflections on Rwanda’s approaches to crime related asset recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Francis Dusabe
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Asset Recovery ◽  
International Conventions

Purpose In this paper, the author intends to showcase the effectiveness of the Rwandan legal regime governing criminal asset recovery. This paper aims to advocate for a need to enforce laws, which seems to be dormant, and to ensure fairness of action when confiscating or seizing assets that initially belongs to bonafide third parties. Design/methodology/approach The author assesses the effectiveness of law No. 42/2014 of 27/01/2015 governing the recovery of offence-related assets in Rwanda and compares it with established international standards provided in major conventions to which Rwanda is a party. Primary and secondary sources of legal research have been used. Primary sources include international conventions, domestic laws and case laws. Secondary sources include books, chapters, journal articles and policy papers. Findings In this paper, the author submits that the law on crime-related asset recovery suffers from strategic deficiencies and gaps and posits that the process of asset recovery should be streamlined and balanced to meet the aims of crime prevention. Originality/value This research paper is a first of its kind. Through positive criticism, it showcases that Rwanda is doing well through the establishment of relevant laws to combat crime. However, it proposes solutions to identify gaps. This paper is original and has never been published anywhere else, and all sources used have duly been recognized.

scholarly journals Dark tourism sites: visualization, evidence and visitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. John Lennon
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Dark Tourism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Tourist Behaviour

Purpose This paper aims to consider dark tourism sites and their pivotal role as evidence of atrocity and evil. How they are interpreted and the role of visual imagery, most particularly photography, are considered from the perspective of the locations as heritage and learning sites. The complex arguments in relation to conservation and maintenance are juxtaposed with the behaviour of visitors in recording and uploading imagery of such material. This phenomenon allows us to consider the enormity of witnessing such events and viewing such sites as part of contemporary tourist behaviour. Design/methodology/approach The approach utilizes contemporary literature from tourism, sociology and film studies and uses secondary sources to highlight key sites that illustrate discursive elements of the paper. Findings This appeal and appetite for photographic and filmic record by visitors to such dark sites illustrates not only an inherent fascination but also a series of dark and recurring themes. However, it is also notable that in some locations, ideological selectivity in development is present and evidence, record and history are challenged. The cases of Cambodia and Russia and elements of their tragic pasts are used to illustrate why key heritage sites are developed as attractions or are ignored as evidential sites. For these reasons, this area still merits evaluation and discussion in tourism. Originality/value The area of dark tourism has been the focus of researchers for over a decade. However, the areas of selectivity in development, ideological impact on content and the issues related to visualization have not as yet been fully explored. This paper begins to explore issues related to visualization and evidence and how it related to these dark tourism sites.

Hoarding versus circulation of wealth from the perspective of maqasid al-Shari'ah

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Asad Ibrahim ◽  
Radwan Jamal Elatrash ◽  
Mohammad Omar Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Economic Objective

Purpose – The purpose of the paper was to explore the issue of hoarding and dishoarding in a modern context, especially as it relates to circulation of wealth, an important economic objective from the Islamic viewpoint. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents a survey of scholarly positions on the issue of hoarding and circulation of wealth from Islamic perspectives and analyzes how these positions affect the shaping of financial and economic dimensions of life in our contemporary time. The paper draws on the primary sources, the Qur'an and hadith, and examines the positions of the classical and contemporary scholars, especially in the context of the growing interest in finance, the financial system and economy from the Islamic perspective. Findings – The paper identifies the fact that the notion of hoarding (kanz) needs significantly revised understanding, as money as a concept and tool has evolved substantively in modern times. It also examines variant positions regarding the concept of hoarding and finds more merit in favor of the position that paying zakat is not enough to be exempted from the Qur'anic implications about hoarding. It also identifies and examines securitization, such as sukuk, as an important tool for better circulation of wealth. Originality/value – Hoarding and dishoarding are not widely explored topics in contemporary literature on Islamic economics and finance. This paper makes a valuable contribution in its attempt to highlight the problem of hoarding and the challenge toward greater circulation of wealth.

Whose books? The Harvard-Yenching Institute's library and the question of academic imperialism

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Qing
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Cross National

PurposeThis essay focuses on the Chinese-Japanese Library of the Harvard-Yenching Institute and examines how the Library collected and transported Chinese rare books to the United States during the 1930 and 1940s. It considers Harvard's rationale for its collection of Chinese books and tensions between Chinese scholars and the Harvard-Yenching Institute leaders and librarians over the purchase and “export” of Chinese books.Design/methodology/approachThis research is a historical study based on archival research at Harvard-Yenching Institute and the Harvard-Yenching Library, as well as careful readings of published primary and secondary sources.FindingsBy examining the debates that surrounded the ownership of Chinese books, and the historical circumstances that enabled or hindered the cross-national movement of books, this essay uncovers a complex and interwoven historical discourse of academic nationalism, internationalism and imperialism.Originality/valueDrawing upon the unexamined primary sources and published second sources, this essay uncovers a complex and interwoven historical discourse of academic nationalism, internationalism and imperialism.

The accounting professional project and bank failures

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry D. Carnegie
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Bank Failures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Legislative Reforms ◽  
Professional Project ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the strategies and dynamics of the fledging accounting professional project in the context of boom, bust and reform in colonial Victoria. In doing so, the study provides evidence of the association of members of the Incorporated Institute of Accountants, Victoria (IIAV) (1886) and other auditors with banks that failed during the early 1890s Australian banking crisis, and addresses the implications for the professionalisation trajectory. Design/methodology/approach The study uses primary sources, including the surviving audited financial statements of a selection of 14 Melbourne-based failed banks, reports of relevant company meetings and other press reports and commentaries, along with relevant secondary sources, and applies theoretical analysis informed by the literature on the sociology of the professions. Findings IIAV members as bank auditors are shown to have been associated with most of the bank failures examined in this study, thereby not being immune from key problems in bank auditing and accounting of the period. The study shows how the IIAV, while part of the problem, ultimately became part of a solution that was regarded within the association’s leadership as less than optimal, essentially by means of 1896 legislative reforms in Victoria, and also addresses the associated implications. Practical implications The study reveals how a deeper understanding of economic and social problems in any context may be obtainable by examining surviving financial statements and related records sourced from archives of surviving business records. Originality/value The study elucidates accounting’s professionalisation trajectory in a colonial setting during respective periods of boom, bust and reform from the 1880s until around 1896 and provides insights into the development of financial auditing practices, which is still an important topic.

Putting the Italians on bicycles: marketing at Bianchi, 1885-1955

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Mari
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Brand Identity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bicycle Industry ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
A Company ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine marketing practices within the bicycle industry. Design/methodology/approach – The paper utilizes both primary and secondary sources to provide a retrospective analysis of marketing strategy at the largest Italian bicycle company. Findings – The paper explains how marketing works at the Bianchi company and provides a detailed analysis of how it built its brand identity over time. Research limitations/implications – Very few primary sources were available. There was neither a company archive nor other archives. For the most part, the paper is based on secondary sources. Originality/value – The paper tries to fill the gap in current marketing literature that usually neglects the bicycle as a relevant topic, despite bicycle companies being a predecessor to the automobile industry. Moreover, the paper demonstrates that bicycle companies developed a rather sophisticated approach to marketing that is still in use.

Advertising in a regulated economy: Swedish advertisements 1760-1800

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-506
Author(s):  
Sofia Murhem
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose The aim of this paper is to examine the nature of newspaper advertisements for goods in Stockholm newspapers in the 18th century by studying what goods were advertised, how frequently they were advertised and what marketing strategies were used. The findings are discussed in relation to results from other countries and the institutional context. Design/methodology/approach The primary sources used are three Swedish papers published in Stockholm, one national, Inrikes tidningar, and two local. Stockholms Weckobladh and Dagligt Allehanda. In all, more than 1300 advertisements were examined. In addition, a number of secondary sources were used. Findings In contrast to most other countries, the guilds held a firm grip on Sweden’s (and Stockholm’s) business life throughout the 18th century, and enforced strict restrictions on market entry. Thereby, competition was reduced, the number of tradesmen was more or less constant and the need for marketing was low. The guilds also restricted advertising. This led to marketing strategies being underdeveloped in comparison to other countries, which affected Swedish marketing and Swedish advertisements all through the 19th century. Marketing was a viable option in 18th century Sweden, but only for those not restricted by guilds and societies. Originality/value There has been very little research on 18th century Swedish marketing. The paper also illustrates the need for including the institutional context when discussing historical marketing, which often has been neglected for this period in the international literature.

The operational efficiency of passenger aircraft

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald McLean
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transport Economics ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Consistent Assessment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Passenger Aircraft ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeTo provide for the use of airlines and other civil aviation organizations a practical definition of operational efficiency and to show how it can be determined.Design/methodology/approachA brief account of air transport economics is used to demonstrate how bom load factors and aircraft utilization need to be considered in assessing operational efficiency. Then other efficiencies are treated briefly before an example is given of how the better of two fictitious aircraft can be chosen for a particular route. A second example involving the calculation of the operational efficiency achieved by an imaginary airline is also given to show that the typical value is lower than might be expected, particularly in view of the relatively high load factors involved.FindingsProvides performance values and economic figures which are typical of current airline operations.Practical implicationsUse of the proposed definition will allow the consistent assessment of the economic performance of airlines.Originality/valueAt present there is no definition of operational efficiency in general use although it is greatly needed by airlines. The definition proposed in this paper is practical and easy to use.

A model for the elaboration of fair divisional projects in inheritance disputes

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-202
Author(s):  
Francesco Tajani ◽  
Pierluigi Morano
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Mathematical Algorithms ◽  
Complex Inheritance ◽  
Fundamental Value ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Calculation Software ◽  
Legal Right

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a method to support the definition of efficient and fair divisional projects in particularly complex cases concerning inheritance disputes. Design/methodology/approach First, the approach involves an appraisal of the market value of the assets, along with an analysis of the respective conditions of concrete divisibility; then, two mathematical models have been developed for the assignment of the assets to the subjects involved in the divisional projects. The logic underlying of both models has been translated into mathematical algorithms that allow for the minimization of the monetary compensations resulting from the differences between the legal right shares and the actual portions to be attributed to them. Findings Both models have been developed through mathematical formulas that can be easily implemented by using an appropriate calculation software. They can be used in particularly complex inheritance divisions, in which the deceased’s assets are numerous and there are several heirs with similar or different legal right shares. Originality/value The methodology is useful in the disputes that could arise in hereditary successions. The fundamental value is that the models could support the definition of the best solution in particularly complex situations, characterized by a large number of assets to be assigned and/or the existence of “preferential” constraints for the assignment of the assets.

Outsourcing in startups

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Kalil Steinbruch ◽  
Bernardo Soares Fernandes ◽  
Leandro da Silva Nascimento ◽  
Paulo Antônio Zawislak
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Core Business ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Core ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Structure Knowledge

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the main activities that startups outsource and the elements involved in outsourcing decisions. Design/methodology/approach A multi-case study composed of Brazilian startups was conducted. Data through interviews and secondary sources were obtained. Two groups of startups were considered and analyzed comparatively: startups in the development stage and in the sales stage. Findings The findings show that even though the literature suggests that the core business should not be outsourced, some startups do have to outsource this kind of activity. That was the main difference found between startups in the sales stage and in the development stage: the former group has a solid structure, knowledge and resources, so they can keep the core business inside the firm; whereas the latter group has little experience, scarce knowledge and resources, making outsourcing a more attractive alternative. Originality/value Theoretically, this paper approaches a perspective underexplored in the innovation and management literature: outsourcing in startups. It highlights how outsourcing, as a decision between making and buying, can help startups to improve success potential. In practice, this paper discusses and demonstrates why and what can be outsourced by startups in the development and in the sales stages to overcome their limitations and, consequently, achieve better innovative results.

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