scholarly journals Mechanics-Based Approach for Detection and Measurement of Particle Contamination in Proximity Nanofabrication Processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrawan Singhal ◽  
Michelle A. Grigas ◽  
S. V. Sreenivasan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
Optical Inspection ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Particle Contamination ◽  
Potential Contact ◽  
Effect On Yield

In spite of the great progress made toward addressing the challenge of particle contamination in nanomanufacturing, its deleterious effect on yield is still not negligible. This is particularly true for nanofabrication processes that involve close proximity or contact between two or more surfaces. One such process is Jet-and-Flash Imprint Lithography (J-FIL™), which involves the formation of a nanoscale liquid film between a patterned template and a substrate. In this process, the presence of any frontside particle taller than the liquid film thickness, which is typically sub-25 nm, can not only disrupt the continuity of this liquid film but also damage the expensive template upon contact. The detection of these particles has typically relied on the use of subwavelength optical techniques such as scatterometry that can suffer from low throughput for nanoscale particles. In this paper, a novel mechanics-based method has been proposed as an alternative to these techniques. It can provide a nearly 1000 × amplification of the particle size, thereby allowing for optical microscopy based detection. This technique has been supported by an experimentally validated multiphysics model which also allows for estimation of the loss in yield and potential contact-related template damage because of the particle encounter. Also, finer inspection of template damage needs to be carried out over a much smaller area, thereby increasing throughput of the overall process. This technique also has the potential for inline integration, thereby circumventing the need for separate tooling for subwavelength optical inspection of substrates.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Ekstrak Kulit Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan pada Perlakuan Ukuran Partikel dan Waktu Maserasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Reren Rahmadhani ◽  
G.P. Ganda Putra ◽  
Lutfi Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Cocoa beans husk is the highest waste of the cocoa fruit processing and has not been used optimally. The waste of cocoa beans husk contain polyphenol that can be used for antioxidants. Polyphenol on beans husk of cocoa can be extract using extraction method. This study aims were to determine the effect of the macerations and particle size on the extract beans husk of cocoa as a source of antioxidants and to determine the best of solvent concentration and particle size to produce extract of beans husk of cocoa a source of antioxidant. The study was the experimental research which designed by using randomized block desin (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was particle size that that consists of 40, 60 and 80 mesh. The second factor was maceration time, wich were done for  24, 36 and 48 hours.  The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that maceration time and particle size had a very significant effect on yield, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity on the extract of beans husk of cocoa. Interactions between treatments had a very signifiacant effect on total phenolic and antioxidant capacity but significantly effect the yield on the extract of beans husk of cocoa. 80 mesh of particle size and 48 hours maceration time was thebest treatment for extracting beans husk of cocoa as a source of antioxidants with characteristic 14.28±0.7 percent of yields, 92.2±1.66 mg GAE/g of total phenolics, and 57.71±0.27 mg GAEAC/g of antioxidant capacity. Keywords : cocoa beans husk, extraction, particle size, antioxidants.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle Measurement Through Visualisation

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Bob Carr ◽  
Andrew Malloy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Particle Number Concentration ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Solvent Type

In this article, we will describe how nanoscale particles may be individually visualised (but not imaged) in liquids and from which higher resolution particle size distribution profiles can be obtained compared to other light scattering techniques. The method is called Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA)Sample preparation is minimal, requiring only dilution with a suitable solvent to an acceptable concentration range (between 10 and 1010 particles per ml depending on sample type). Accurate and reproducible analyses can be obtained from video images of only a few seconds duration and the results allow particle number concentration to be recovered. Given the close to real-time nature of the technique, particle-particle interactions are accessible as is information about sample aggregation and dissemination. All particle types can be measured and in any solvent type providing that the particles scatter sufficient light to be visible (i.e. are not indexed matched).

scholarly journals No Small Risk

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (09) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Winters
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Nanoscale Materials ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Precision Control ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Small Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Combustion Exhaust

This paper assesses the risk posed by nanotech products in endangering human health. Material characteristics that have little bearing on health effects in bulk materials, such as surface area, may become important when trying to measure the hazard from trace amounts of nanomaterials. Nanotoxicologists may have to use a separate and unique set of metrics for determining what the safe exposure to various nanomaterials. The precision control that engineers have in making nanoscale materials may also amplify their effect. Naturally occurring nanoscale materials, such as particles formed in combustion exhaust, are formed over a wide range of sizes. Any given particle size will make up only a small part of the overall sample, diluting the potential ill effects. Nanoengineered materials come in a tight range of sizes. Research that helps lay out the basic parameters of the problem-figuring out which characteristics of nanoscale particles are most important.

scholarly journals Phase Doppler technology for infield assessment of drift potential

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 381-381
Author(s):  
R.L. Roten ◽  
R.J. Connell ◽  
A.J. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Agricultural Equipment ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Drift Potential ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Drift Models ◽  
The Given

Laserbased technologies for droplet analysis have existed for decades but most of these devices are not suitable to be moved once calibrated PhaseDoppler interferometer (PDI) technology has enabled the capture of live infield spray particle data such as the particle size distribution velocity and flux which are essential to accurately measure and model the drift of agricultural equipment The objective of this study was to develop and implement methods to determine if drift could be detected and if so to use the data obtained to crossreference its validity with spray drift models AGDISP and WTDISP The spray apparatus consisted of a 12V trailertype sprayer outfitted with a 50 cm high fournozzle boom with 110SG02 nozzles delivering 238 litres/ha at 34 bar This setup was selected to maximise the output of the sprayer and produce the worstcase drift scenario for the given spray system It was observed that driftable particles of a passing and a static sprayer could be detected within close proximity of 8400 cm2 These results also agreed with the model output generated

Aerosols at Salzburg Airport: Long-term measurements of ultrafine particles at two locations along the runway/Aerosole am Salzburger Flughafen: Langzeitmessungen von ultrafeinen Partikeln an zwei Messstellen neben der Rollbahn

Gefahrstoffe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (06) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
M. Vorage ◽  
P. Madl ◽  
A. Hubmer ◽  
H. Lettner
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
Close Proximity

This paper unequivocally links particle emissions to specific planes engaged in landing and take-off (LTO) activity at Salzburg Airport (SZG, Austria). This is possible because particles were counted in ten second intervals over multiple months at two locations simultaneously upwind and downwind in close proximity of the runway. As background levels are relatively low and LTO activities are limited, data on aircraft noise and identity enables the allocation of sharp and short-lived spikes of particle concentrations to specific aircraft located upwind. In addition, the spike shapes may even be used to identify engine modes and deduce conjectures on LTO movements of the plane. Particle size distribution measurements confirm aircraft engines as the site of origin.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut dan Ukuran Partikel Bahan terhadap Karakteristik Ekstrak Daun Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) sebagai Sumber Saponin

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Ika Martoquito Lumbanraja ◽  
Ni Made Wartini ◽  
Lutfi Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foam Height ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
Foaming Agents ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Natural Surfactant ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Effect On Yield

Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) is widely grown in the tropics. Bidara is rich in benefits because it has content of saponins contained in the leaves. Saponins compounds derived plants can be used as soap foaming agents. Saponins can be applied in the manufacture of soap because of its nature as a natural surfactant. The purpose of this study were to determine the influence of solvent type and particle size of materials againts on the characteristics bidara leaf extract as a source of saponins, get the best solvent type and particle size to produce bidara leaf extract as a source of saponins. This study used a Randomized Block Design with treatment of solvent type and particle size of materials. Treatment of solvent type consists of 3 levels, namely: methanol, ethanol and acetone. The particle size of materials treatment also consists of 3 levels, namely: 40 mesh, 60 mesh and 80 mesh. Each treatment are grouped into two-based implementation. The results showed that treatment of solvent type and particle size of materials very significant effect on yield, coarse extract saponins content and foam height leaves bidara as a source of saponins. Interaction between treatments very significant effect on yield and foam height. However, significant effect on coarse extract saponins content bidara leaves. The methanol solvent type treatment with particle size of material 80 mesh is the best treatment to produce bidara leaf extract as a source of saponins with value yield of 17.91±0.73 %, 20.40 ± 0.79% coarse extract saponins content and foam height of 8.27 ± 0.01 mm. Keywords : Ziziphus mauritina L., saponins, extraction, solvent type, the particle size of material.

Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Pr3+ Activated KNbO3 Phosphors by Sol-Gel Combustion Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ji Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Ji Shi Chen ◽  
Ting Tang ◽  
Yuan Zheng Hao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
Gel Combustion

Praseodymium doped KNbO3 (KNbO3:Pr) phosphors were synthesized by a facile solgel combustion method. Phase evolution, particle size and luminescent properties of the powders synthesized at various temperatures were investigated. Single-phase KNbO3:Pr nanoscale particles were obtained at 600°C by directly crystallizing from amorphous precursors. The particle size of KNbO3:Pr powders can be well controlled by varying the heat treatment temperature. Under the excitation of 450 nm, KNbO3:Pr phosphors showed the well-known Pr3+ emissions associated with the 4f inter-level electronic transitions in Pr3+ ions.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan pada Perlakuan Ukuran Partikel dan Waktu Maserasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
I Putu Lingsan Pratyaksa ◽  
G.P. Ganda Putra ◽  
Lutfi Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Effect On Yield

Cocoa pod husk has not been used optimally by farmers, most of cocoa pod husk will discarded around the cacao tree or collected in one hole and then piled with soil. Cocoa pod husk waste can be used optimally by extracting polyphenol compounds which are used as natural antioxidant ingredients. This research aimed to determine the effect of particle size and maceration time on cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidant and determine the best particle size and maceration time to produce cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidants. This research used  factorial randomized block design with two factors. Factor 1 is a particle size consisting of 40, 60, and 80 mesh. Factor 2 is maceration time consisting of 24, 36, and 48 hours. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and then it will be proceed with tukey test. The results showed that particle size and maceration time affected yield, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity of cocoa pod husk extract, while the interaction was affected on total phenolic and antioxidant capacity but had no effect on yield of cocoa pod husk extract. The best treatment to produce cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidants 80 mesh particle size and maceration time for 48 hours, with a yield value of 5.22 ± 0.05 percent, a total phenolic of 148.09 ± 0.00 mg GAE / g and antioxidant capacity of 118.71 ± 0.13 mg GAEAC / g. Keywords: cocoa pod husk, extraction, antioxidants, particle size, maceration time

Toxic Excreta of Plants

1912 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Agricultural Plants

The writer has pointed out the influence that some agricultural plants have on others when grown in close proximity to them. It was demonstrated (inter alia) that a row of Sesamum indicum (gingelly), when sown at a distance of two feet from a row of Sorghum vulgare (great millet), will not mature, the plants dying after reaching a height of a few centimetres. These experiments were made at Surat (India) on black cotton soil of a very retentive nature; this character of the soil combined with a rainfall of 42 inches per annum all falling in 3½ months, doubtless emphasized the deleterious effect of the sorghum on the sesamum since the washing of the soil was a minimum.

Effects of barley silage particle length and effective fiber on yield and composition of milk from dairy

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Kononoff ◽  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Particle Length ◽  
Barley Silage

A study was conducted to determine the effects of two theoretical lengths of particle (TLP) of barley silage on physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content and on yield and composition of milk in dairy cows. Type I peNDF uses the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of forage materials retained on a 1.18-mm screen while Type II peNDF is based on the NDF content of three different particle size fractions. Cows received diets consisting of 55% concentrate and 45% barley silage of either a 9.5-mm or 4.8-mm TLP. Results showed no difference in Type I peNDF between the two barley silage TLP. However, barley silage with a 9.5 mm TLP contained more (P < 0.05) Type II peNDF than barley silage with a 4.8 mm TLP. Differences in particle size or Type II peNDF content of barley silage had no effect on yield or composition of milk in dairy cows. Key words: Particle size, physically effective fiber, dairy cows

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