Development of a Microdevice for Sorting Motile Bacteria

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shioiri ◽  
T. Ishikawa ◽  
K. Numayama-Tsuruta ◽  
Y. Imai ◽  
H. Ueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Count Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Of Operation

Bacteria are distributed in various places in nature and in industries, examples include human intestine, sewage treatment, food production and even food poisoning. Thus, the separation of bacteria from various samples is an important technique for medical and industrial applications. In recent years, separation of bacteria was commonly performed by a colony count method. This method, however, takes long time of operation and cannot be applied to bacteria for which culture method has not been established.

Effects of slide-to-roll ratio and varying velocity on the lubrication performance of grease at low speed

2021 ◽  
pp. 135065012199336
Author(s):  
Yiming Han ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xuyang Jin ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Rui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Existence Time ◽  
Pure Rolling ◽  
Lubrication Performance ◽  
Long Time

Under steady-state pure rolling conditions with low speed, the thickener fiber agglomerations can be maintained for a long time, generating a beneficial thicker film thickness. However, in industrial applications, motions with sliding or transient effects are very common for gears, rolling-element bearings or even chain drives, evaluation of the grease performance under such conditions is vital for determining the lubrication mechanism and designing new greases. In this project, optical interferometry experiments were carried out on a ball-disk test rig to study the disintegration time of the grease thickener agglomerations with the increase of the slide-to-roll ratio under steady-state and reciprocation motions. Under steady-state conditions, the thickener fiber agglomeration can exist for a while and the time becomes shorter with the increase of the slide-to-roll ratio above the critical speed. Below the critical speed, the thickener fiber can exist in the contact in the form of a quite thick film for a very long time under pure rolling conditions but that time is decreased with the increase of the slide-to-roll ratio. The introduction of the transient effect can further reduce the existence time of the thickener.

scholarly journals Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4574
Author(s):  
Elena Rosini ◽  
Paola D’Antona ◽  
Loredano Pollegioni
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Science Investigations

D-enantiomers of amino acids (D-AAs) are only present in low amounts in nature, frequently at trace levels, and for this reason, their biological function was undervalued for a long time. In the past 25 years, the improvements in analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, HPLC, and capillary electrophoresis, allowed to detect D-AAs in foodstuffs and biological samples and to attribute them specific biological functions in mammals. These methods are time-consuming, expensive, and not suitable for online application; however, life science investigations and industrial applications require rapid and selective determination of D-AAs, as only biosensors can offer. In the present review, we provide a status update concerning biosensors for detecting and quantifying D-AAs and their applications for safety and quality of foods, human health, and neurological research. The review reports the main challenges in the field, such as selectivity, in order to distinguish the different D-AAs present in a solution, the simultaneous assay of both L- and D-AAs, the production of implantable devices, and surface-scanning biosensors. These innovative tools will push future research aimed at investigating the neurological role of D-AAs, a vibrant field that is growing at an accelerating pace.

Detection of legionella bacteria in sewage by polymerase chain reaction and standard culture method

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Roll ◽  
Roger S. Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Pontiac Fever ◽  
Legionella Species ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Legionella bacteria are ubiquitous in environmental waters. Only a few species of Legionella , especially, L. pneumophila are pathogenic to humans and cause a sometimes fatal Legionnaires disease as well as a less fatal disease called Pontiac fever. The presence of Legionella in sewage and aerosolized sewage is the subject of this investigation because reuse of sewage may involve the exposure of people to aerosolization, the mode of transmission of Legionella bacteria. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Legionella species and L. pneumophila in wastewater and their fate after various stages of treatment. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and standard culture method were utilized to detect Legionella species and L. pneumophila. PCR results indicated that Legionella species were present at levels > 103 cells / ml during all phases of sewage treatment including chlorinated effluents. Culture results indicated levels at least one log lower than seen with PCR. Legionella species were also recovered from air samples collected from secondary aeration basins at levels < 103 cells/ml. PCR was shown to be the most rapid and sensitive method for detecting Legionella in sewage.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Consumer Behavior Related to Safe Practices of Food Handling

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Alvarez Corrêa da Costa ◽  
Rita De Cássia Akutsu ◽  
Lorenza R. dos Reis Gallo ◽  
Wilma Maria Coelho Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Food Production ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Safe Food

<p class="1"><span lang="EN-US">The purpose of this research was to analyze the perceptions and practices of participants involved in safe food handling. The sample was composed by 204 participants. To assess behavior, knowledge and psychosocial factors, the instrument used was divided in six topics: sociodemographic characteristics; behavioral measures regarding safe food production; measures about knowledge and practices in pest control and food purchase; Food Safety scale with two factors and Cronbach's alpha of 0.75; Credence declaration scale with three factors and Cronbach's alpha of 0.78, both scales with seven points, Likert type; Self-efficacy scale with one factor and Cronbach's alpha of 0.86, also Likert type with five points. A linear model of multiple variance analysis was used to evaluate if the variables gender, age, income, education and professional experience were used to determine the behavioral, knowledge and psychosocial measures. When the detected differences were significant, a post-hoc analysis was used with the Tukey adjustment. The knowledge about safe food production and food poisoning showed that 95.1% of participants consider <em>very important</em> hygiene precautions in food preparation in their homes; 30.4% of participants said that they or someone in their family have developed symptoms related to food poisoning in the last 12 months. The data obtained for self-efficacy showed significant differences for the variables gender, age and education. Women and college graduates replied that they <em>Are Sure they Can Do That </em>when asked about the execution of tasks that promote food safety. </span><span lang="EN-US">These results substantiate the need for educational initiatives tailored to develop the food safety knowledge and food-handling practices in Brasil.</span><strong></strong></p>

PROBLEMS OF SURFACE MINING MACHINES DIAGNOSIS AFTER LONG TIME OF OPERATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Jerzy CZMOCHOWSKI ◽  
Grzegorz PRZYBYŁEK ◽  
Eugeniusz RUSIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Surface Mining ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Mining Machinery ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Of Operation

Due to frequent breakdowns of surface mining machinery, it is necessary to constantly control and diagnose it. A number of such machines were produced in the sixties or even the eighties. The methodology of evaluating the technical condition of load-carrying structures was presented. The procedure of a complete numerical and experimental diagnosis was shown on the basis of a bucket wheel excavator.

Study on the Detection of Total Colony in Medical and Health Environment Based on ATP Bioluminescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Li
Keyword(s):  
Culture Method ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Count Method ◽  
Atp Bioluminescence ◽  
Bioluminescence Assay ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Atp Bioluminescence Assay ◽  
Bioluminescence Method

In this paper, the application of ATP fluorescence in the detection of colonies in the health environment of hospitals was studied. Firstly, the principle of ATP bioluminescence method was described. Then, ATP bioluminescence and plate count method were used to test the density of the surface of the objects in selected area, taking the time points 2 hours after disinfection as the time nodes. The results showed that the difference between the qualified rate of ATP bioluminescence assay and the plate count method was statistically significant {P<0.01}. Therefore, ATP bioluminescence method was highly correlated with bacterial culture method. The correlation coefficient of pass rate of the two methods was 0.782, which indicated that there was a positive correlation between the two test results. Besides, the detection results showed that ATP bioluminescence method had higher sensitivity than plate counting method. Therefore, ATP bioluminescence method was more suitable for the rapid detection of the colony of hospital health environment, and helps the hospital to better manage its environmental hygiene conditions. 

Multiplex PCR–Based Serogrouping and Serotyping of Salmonella enterica from Tonsil and Jejunum with Jejunal Lymph Nodes of Slaughtered Swine in Metro Manila, Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAMELA CHARMAINE S. NG ◽  
WINDELL L. RIVERA
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
And Control

Food poisoning outbreaks and livestock mortalities caused by Salmonella enterica are widespread in the Philippines, with hogs being the most commonly recognized carriers of the pathogen. To prevent and control the occurrence of S. enterica infection in the country, methods were used in this study to isolate and rapidly detect, differentiate, and characterize S. enterica in tonsils and jejuna with jejunal lymph nodes of swine slaughtered in four locally registered meat establishments (LRMEs) and four meat establishments accredited by the National Meat Inspection Services in Metro Manila. A total of 480 samples were collected from 240 animals (120 pigs from each type of meat establishment). A significantly higher proportion of pigs were positive for S. enterica in LRMEs (60 of 120) compared with meat establishments accredited by the National Meat Inspection Services (38 of 120). More S. enterica–positive samples were found in tonsils compared with jejuna with jejunal lymph nodes in LRMEs, but this difference was not significant. A PCR assay targeting the invA gene had sensitivity that was statistically similar to that of the culture method, detecting 93 of 98 culture-confirmed samples. Multiplex PCR–based O-serogrouping and H/Sdf I typing revealed four S. enterica serogroups (B, C1, D, and E) and six serotypes (Agona, Choleraesuis, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden), respectively, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the PCR products. This study was the first to report detection of S. enterica serotype Agona in the country.

scholarly journals Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Microscopic Technique of Sputum AFB and ICT (Cocktail Antigen) TB

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Martini Widhyasih ◽  
Annisa Husnun Hanifah ◽  
Chairlan Chairlan ◽  
Dewi Inderiati
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
False Negative ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Analytic Design

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The diagnosis of pulmonary TB in general still relies on microscopic examination with a sputum smear for Acid Fast Basil (AFB). Microscopic examination to detect M. tuberculosis has high specificity, but the sensitivity is 35-70%. The sputum culture method is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB but requires a long time, which is 6-8 weeks. In recent years ICT (Immuno Chromatography Test) has been introduced to identify potential and useful TB antigens to help diagnose pulmonary TB. Antigens detected were ESAT-6, CFP-10, CFP-21, and MPT-64. This study aims to compare the results of the examination of specimens of suspect TB sputum with the ICT method and AFB. This study based on observational with analytic design cross-sectional on 56 samples of Stored Biological Material suspects TB that were examined by the AFB method and the ICT method (Cocktail Antigen). Statistical test results Fisher Exact (α = 0.05) showed no difference between microscopic examination of smear sputum and ICT (Cocktail Antigen) TB (p = 1,000). Nevertheless, the use of ICT reagents for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB still needs to be further investigated, especially to find out the exact causes of false positive and false negative reactions.

scholarly journals Assessment of the influence of the Viriva granite quarry on the condition of the surface and ground waters within the Vyry village

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
S. A. Shevchuk ◽  
O. V. Zorina ◽  
A. M. Shevchenko ◽  
O. M. Kozytsky ◽  
Y. O. Mavrykin
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Of Operation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Analyzed the results of their own research to assess the impact of the Vyrovsky granite quarry on the state of surface and ground waters within the village of Vyry, Sarny district, Rivne region of Ukraine. Research methods: hydrogeological, sanitary-chemical, analytical. It has been established that the technological process of extracting granite and producing construction crushed stone does not involve the use of a large amount of water. Pit water is used as process water without additional intake of surface or groundwater. The main problems during the exploitation of the car, which are found on the enterprises, are connected with water. The stench is overwhelmed by the surging of ground and surface waters and the need for input for the safety of normal minds of their exploitation. Significant watering of the area's surface is due to the abundance of atmospheric precipitation, relatively flat relief, the presence of a small thickness of sedimentary rocks covering the crystalline massifs. So, the chemical and biological pollution of the river. The extraction by quarry waters does not occur, since the results of laboratory studies of the quarry water did not show its contamination. In general, the Vyrovsky granite quarry does not affect the volume of the river flow. Alignment, for a long time of operation of the Vyrovsky granite quarry, the groundwater levels of the aquifer have already been established and currently remain relatively stable. Further development of the open pit area will not affect the lowering of the groundwater level within the village. Vyry. Decrease in water levels in wells and wells within the village. Vyry in recent years (2015-2020) is associated with climatic changes, which led to a decrease in precipitation, an increase in temperature and evaporation and, as a consequence, a very low water content in rivers practically throughout Ukraine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Storage Control Points and Implicated Pathogens on Fast Moving Consumer Goods in Suburbs of South-western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
O. O. Afolabi ◽  
C.C. Okonofua ◽  
M. O. Adigun ◽  
E. Dosumu ◽  
R. B. Aderoju
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Safety Control

Food borne illness prevention system will depend on the extent of food safety control in place through food production, processing, distribution, keeping food at safe temperature and using safe water and raw materials. These stages of production are some of the important points determining food safety. This suggests the need to implement strict hygienic control measures along the food production chain during manufacturing, handling, storage and commercialization of foods. Ninety samples comprising of fifteen Milo (beverage), fifteen golden Morn (cereal), fifteen Maggi (seasoning), fifteen Lucozade boost (energy drink), fifteen Gala (Sausage) and fifteen Indomie (noodles) were collected from five stores of various shops in Lagos, Agbara and Sango Ogun State, Nigeria. Samples were processed and cultured using pour plate and streak plate techniques. Samples were cultured in five media consisting of four selective media and a basal media; Maconkey agar, Mannitol Salt agar, Salmonella Shigella agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar and Nutrient agar. Differentiation and isolation of various isolates were based on gram-staining technique and biochemical reactions using OXOID MICROBAT TM identification kits. The in vitro assay revealed the presence of five bacteria species namely Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiellia oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Morganella morganii. Prevalence of the various isolates in the culture were found to be 67.66%, 11.27%, 9.77%, 7.51% and 3.75% respectively. The highest colony count (140.6) was obtained from samples (Maggi) from Agbara while the lowest colony count (21.0) was obtained from (Milo) Sango. The mean bacteria load of the isolates was 1.0*107CFU/ml. It was concluded that the hygienic quality of the sampled fast moving consumer products in term of microbiological standards compare favourably with international benchmarks as defined by Codex Alimentarius Commission all the observed ranges of aerobic colony count fall well below the upper threshold of microbial levels for class A products.

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