Submicron Polymer Flow Cells

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Mandisloh ◽  
Sven Achenbach ◽  
Timo Mappes ◽  
Tilmann Rogge ◽  
Roman Truckenmueller
Keyword(s):  
Single Component ◽  
Cover Plate ◽  
Feature Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Cells ◽  
Polymer Flow ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lithographic Patterning ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Micro Channels

This paper investigates the fabrication processes of polymer micro channels integrated into flow cells. The cross sectional dimensions of these flow cell channels are in the range of microns containing structures or structure details in the submicron range. Single-component and double-component cells are presented. Single-component cells are entirely made of one polymer. They are composed of a micro structured substrate and a cover plate to hermetically seal the subjacent microfluidic structures. Flexible fluidic ports are added to facilitate interfacing. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is used as an industrially prefabricated foil (HESA®Glas VOS; HESA®Glas HESAlite). Double-component cells are made of spincoated PMMA (MicroChem 950k PMMA A11; AllResist GmbH 950k PMMA A9) that is micro structured on glass substrates prior to sealing with a cover plate. PMMA enables high resolution direct lithographic patterning of the fluidic structures. We apply Deep UV Lithography (DUV) to photochemically degrade PMMA and subsequently dissolve the degraded areas in an organic solvent. This process had previously primarily been utilized to pattern polymer waveguides. For minimum feature size devices, initial samples have been fabricated applying Deep X-Ray Lithography (DXRL) instead of DUV. Final sealing with PMMA cover plates is performed using thermal and UV bonding or solvent welding.

scholarly journals Structural Properties of Fe Doped TiO2 Nanorods Prepared by Low Cost Hydrothermal Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Sattar J. Hashim ◽  
Khaleel I. Hassoon ◽  
Odai N. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pure Tio2 ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Films ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

In this work, titanium dioxide films were deposited on fluorine tin oxide (FTO)-glass substrates using Hydrothermal method. A low-cost homemade autoclave was used to fabricate pure TiO2 and Fe-doped (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% and 1.5%) films. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the predominant phase is rutile (R-TiO2) with peaks at (101), (002) and (112).  The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) top and cross-sectional images indicated that the films have vertically aligned nanorods structures with parallelogram cross-sectional areas and aspect ratio range (9.2-15.3).

X-Ray Replication of Submicrometer Linewidth Patterns

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Henry I. Smith ◽  
D.C. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Backscattering ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Cross Sectional Profile ◽  
Carbon Foils ◽  
Sectional Profile ◽  
And Control ◽  
Soft Radiation

Scanning electron beam lithography has been used for a number of years to write submicrometer linewidth patterns in radiation sensitive films (resist films) on substrates. On semi-infinite substrates, electron backscattering severely limits the exposure latitude and control of cross-sectional profile for patterns having fundamental spatial frequencies below about 4000 Å(l),Recently, STEM'S have been used to write patterns with linewidths below 100 Å. To avoid the detrimental effects of electron backscattering however, the substrates had to be carbon foils about 100 Å thick (2,3). X-ray lithography using the very soft radiation in the range 10 - 50 Å avoids the problem of backscattering and thus permits one to replicate on semi-infinite substrates patterns with linewidths of the order of 1000 Å and less, and in addition provides means for controlling cross-sectional profiles. X-radiation in the range 4-10 Å on the other hand is appropriate for replicating patterns in the linewidth range above about 3000 Å, and thus is most appropriate for microelectronic applications (4 - 6).

X-ray micro tomography in the scanning electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brünger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Scanning Electron

Reconstructive tomography is a new technique in diagnostic radiology for imaging cross-sectional planes of the human body /1/. A collimated beam of X-rays is scanned through a thin slice of the body and the transmitted intensity is recorded by a detector giving a linear shadow graph or projection (see fig. 1). Many of these projections at different angles are used to reconstruct the body-layer, usually with the aid of a computer. The picture element size of present tomographic scanners is approximately 1.1 mm2.Micro tomography can be realized using the very fine X-ray source generated by the focused electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (see fig. 2). The translation of the X-ray source is done by a line scan of the electron beam on a polished target surface /2/. Projections at different angles are produced by rotating the object.During the registration of a single scan the electron beam is deflected in one direction only, while both deflections are operating in the display tube.

Electrodeposition of Cu2O Particles by Using Electrolyte Solution Containing Glucopone as Surfactant

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Dahyunir Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Pulse Current ◽  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Continuous Current ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Cupric Sulphate

Copper oxide particles were electrodeposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. Electrodeposition was carried out in the electrolyte containing cupric sulphate, boric acid and glucopone. Both continuous and pulse currents methods were used in the process with platinum electrode, saturated calomel electrode (SCE) and ITO electrode as the counter, reference and working electrode respectively. The deposited particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that, using continuous current deposition, the deposited particles were mixture of Cu2O and CuO particles. By adding glucopone in the electrolyte, particles with spherical shapes were produced. Electrodeposition by using pulse current, uniform cubical shaped Cu2O particles were produced

X- ray diffraction and dielectric properties of PbSe thin films

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (34) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Bushra A. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Thermal Activation Energy ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Evaporation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates

Lead selenide PbSe thin films of different thicknesses (300, 500, and 700 nm) were deposited under vacuum using thermal evaporation method on glass substrates. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that increasing of thickness lead to well crystallize the prepared samples, such that the crystallite size increases while the dislocation density decreases with thickness increasing. A.C conductivity, dielectric constants, and loss tangent are studied as function to thickness, frequency (10kHz-10MHz) and temperatures (293K-493K). The conductivity measurements confirm confirmed that hopping is the mechanism responsible for the conduction process. Increasing of thickness decreases the thermal activation energy estimated from Arhinus equation is found to decrease with thickness increasing. The increase of thickness lead to reduce the polarizability α while the increasing of temperature lead to increase α.

A STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN MORPHOLOGIC ANORMALIES AND LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION IN DILATED CARDIO-MYOPATHY

2011 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Ha Hoang ◽  
Anh Vu Nguyen ◽  
Minh Loi Hoang ◽  
Cuu Long Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Key Words Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Purposes: Describe the morphological and diastolic function of left ventricular changes in the patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) on US, X-ray findings, and Evaluate the correlation between morphology and diastolic function of left ventricular. Materials and method: Cross sectional study from Dec 2009 to Aug 2010, on 39 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were evaluated at the University Hospital of Hue College of Medical and Pharmaceutical. Results: 1. X-ray and US findings characteristics of DCM is significantly increased in diameter of L, H and mG; LVM, LVMI, LVDd and LAD. 2. The pression of pulmonary artery has been significantly increased with redistribution pulmonary arteries in 61.5% cases and 23.1% have reversed pulmonary artery distribution. 3. DCM have diastolic dysfunction in 100% patients, including severe disorders to 61.5%; the restrictive dysfunction has ratio E/A>2 and E/Em average was 23.89± 17.23. 4.The correlation between the morphology and function in DCM: the diameter of H and L on the X-ray, LAD and ratio LA/AO on US correlated with the level of diastolic dysfunction (p< 0.05). All three radiographic parameters on the radio standard (H, L, the index Cardio/Thoracic) and LVDd on US have negative correlated with EF and FS with p <0.05. Key words: dilated cardiomyopathy, diastolic dysfunction, cardiac tissue Doppler, reversed pulmonary artery distribution

OSTEOPOROSIS AND RISK FACTORS IN THE PATIENTS ON CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS

2015 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Thi Dung Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Reduction

Background: The patients on hemodialysis have a significantly decreased quality of life. One of many problems which reduce the quality of life and increase the mortality in these patients is osteoporosis and osteoporosis associated fractures. Objectives: To assess the bone density of those on hemodialysis by dual energy X ray absorptiometry and to examine the risk factors of bone density reduction in these patients. Patients and Method: This is a cross-sectional study, including 93 patients on chronic hemodialysis at the department of Hemodialysis at Cho Ray Hospital. Results: Mean bone densities at the region of interest (ROI) neck, trochanter, Ward triangle, intertrochanter and total neck are 0.603 ± 0.105; 0.583 ± 0.121; 0.811 ± 0.166; 0.489 ± 0.146; 0.723 ± 0.138 g/cm2 respectively. The prevalences of osteoporosis at those ROI are 39.8%, 15.1%; 28%; 38.7%; and 26.9% respectively. The prevalences of osteopenia at those ROI are 54.8%; 46.3%; 60.2%; 45.2% and 62.7% respectively. The prevalence of osteopososis in at least one ROI is 52.7% and the prevalence of osteopenia in at least one ROI is 47.3%. There are relations between the bone density at the neck and the gender of the patient and the albuminemia. Bone density at the trochanter is influenced by gender, albuminemia, calcemia and phosphoremia. Bone density at the intertrochanter is affected by the gender. Bone density at the Ward triangle is influenced by age and albuminemia. Total neck bone density is influenced by gender, albuminemia and phosphoremia. Conclusion: Osteoporosis in patients on chronic hemodialysis is an issue that requires our attention. There are many interventionable risk factors of bone density decrease in these patients. Key words: Osteoporosis, DEXA, chronic renal failure, chronic hemodialysis

Blood Parathyrin and Mineral Metabolism Dynamics. A clinical analyze

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2754-2758
Author(s):  
Lucretiu Radu ◽  
Mara Carsote ◽  
Ancuta Augustina Gheorghisan Galateanu ◽  
Smaranda Adelina Preda ◽  
Veronica Calborean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Lumbar Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Ionic Calcium ◽  
Control Study

Circulating parathyrin (PTH or parthormon) is increased in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) in association with high total/ionic calcium (T/I Ca) and others mineral metabolism anomalies. This is a clinical cross-sectional and case-control study analyzing these changes after PHP surgical correction in menopausal women. Baseline parameters were: mean age at diagnosis (59.63�9.6 years), TCa of 10.9�0.7 mg/dL, PTH of 138.02�59.36 pg/mL. Longitudinal data showed: final TCa p[0.00001, ICa p[0.00001, phosphorus p[0.0001, magnesium p=0.9, 24-h urinary calcium p=0.4, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol p=0.01, PTH p[0.00001. High circulating parathyrin values due to PHP normalized after surgery in addition to statistical significant changes of TCa, ICa, P, lumbar Bone Mineral Density provided by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry; Mg and 24-h Ca might not be a marker of general mineral metabolism improvement.

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