Ultrasonic Casting of Off-Eutectic Tin Bismuth Solder Alloy for Mechanical Property Testing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Smith ◽  
Jeff Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Solder Sample ◽  
Electronic Assemblies

Abstract Knowledge of solder mechanical properties is essential when designing electronic assemblies for use in harsh environments like those that exist in automotive or aerospace applications. However, information on solder mechanical properties is limited because fabricating material samples in a form factor used for typical mechanical testing is difficult. Conventional casting processes are prone to void formation and dross inclusion which can degrade the quality of test results acquired and often produce high degrees of variability. The current work describes in detail a novel casting process which seeks to address these solder sample fabrication issues. The non-conventional process applies ultrasonic excitation to eliminate voiding by breaking up dross inclusions and other voids, so none can form within the melt upon solidification. Cast ingots are machined then undergo non-destructive screening to ensure material consistency within the regions critical to producing good test results prior to being subjected to destructive mechanical testing. This ultrasonic casting process is applied to the testing of an off-eutectic Tin-Bismuth solder alloy and its ambient tensile and compressive stress versus strain properties are evaluated. The improvement in result repeatability for the various tested properties due to the ultrasonic casting are assessed and sample size considerations discussed.

Study of mechanical properties of indium-based solder alloys for cryogenic applications

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Chandrashekhar Deshpande ◽  
Rajesh Chaudhari ◽  
Ramesh Narayanan ◽  
Harishwar Kale
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
American Society ◽  
Work Done

Purpose This study aims to develop indium-based solders for cryogenic applications. Design/methodology/approach This paper aims to investigate mechanical properties of indium-based solder formulations at room temperature (RT, 27 °C) as well as at cryogenic temperature (CT, −196 °C) and subsequently to find out their suitability for cryogenic applications. After developing these alloys, mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength were measured as per American Society for Testing and Materials standards at RT and at CT. Charpy impact test results were used to find out ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT). These properties were also evaluated after thermal cycling (TC) to find out effect of thermal stress. Scanning electron microscope analysis was performed to understand fracture mechanism. Results indicate that amongst the solder alloys that have been studied in this work, In-34Bi solder alloy has the best all-round mechanical properties at RT, CT and after TC. Findings It can be concluded from the results of this work that In-34Bi solder alloy has best all-round mechanical properties at RT, CT and after TC and therefore is the most appropriate solder alloy amongst the alloys that have been studied in this work for cryogenic applications Originality/value DBTT of indium-based solder alloys has not been found out in the work done so far in this category. DBTT is necessary to decide safe working temperature range of the alloy. Also the effect of TC, which is one of the major reasons of failure, was not studied so far. These parameters are studied in this work.

scholarly journals ANALISA SIFAT MEKANIK PENGARUH VARIASI PERENDAMAN DAN PENEKANAN PADA KOMPOSIT BERBAHAN SERAT BUNDUNG

ELKHA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Azmal Azmal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Resin Binder ◽  
Catalyst Content ◽  
Impact Bending ◽  
Fiber Breaking

This study aims to determine the effect of mechanical properties of impact, bending and tensile of bundle fiber composites with 5% NaOH variation of immersion time 0.5 hours, 1 hour and 1.5 hours. Then the blending and casting process is carried out to form a composite material with 20% fiber and 80% resin binder with a catalyst content of 1% and pressurized with press variations of 5 kg, 10 kg and 15 kg. The results of the blending and casting process are made according to the testing standard and then testing the mechanical properties. Impact, bending and tensile strength test results showed that immersion of 0.5 hours with 15 Kg concentration produced the highest value, namely Impact strength 94.89 J / mm2, bending strength 17.77 N / mm2 and tensile strength 27 N / mm2. Whereas the fracture form of the composite is the binding and fiber breaking evenly at the same point and the fiber is not pulled from the metric.

scholarly journals ANALISA KEKUATAN TARIK PADUAN ALUMINIUM DENGAN MAGNESIUM PADA DUDUKAN SHOCKBREAKER UKURAN 70 X 30 X 30 mm

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zamah Syari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Pure State ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Stress

AbstrakAluminium adalah logam Non-Ferrous yang banyak digunakan pada proses pengecoran , Aluminium pada keadaan murni mempunyai sifat mekanik yang buruk sehingga perlu ditambahkan unsur paduan lain guna meningkatkan sifat mekanisnya. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen pada paduan Aluminium-Magnesium. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai tegangan dan regangan dengan uji tarik pada aduan Aluminium- Magnesium untuk digunakan sebagai bahan pada dudukan Shockbreaker sepeda motor dengan penambahan unsur magnesium sebesar 3%, 5%, dan 7%. Hasil uji tarik menunjukkan sifat mekanis Aluminium dengan penambahan unsur Magnesium. Nilai tegangan pada paduan Al-Mg 3%, Al-Mg 5%, dan Al-Mg 7% berturut-turut adalah 161,15 MPa, 142,04 Mpa dan 91,28 MPa dan nilai regangan pada paduan Al-Mg 3%, Al-Mg 5%, dan Al-Mg 7% adalah 0,05, 0,03 dan 0,02. Nilai tegangan dan regangan dapat dilihat perbedaannya pada setiap spesimen uji. Dengan bertambahnya persen Magnesium pada pengujian tarik maka nilai tegangan dan regangan akan menurun.Kata kunci : Aluminium-Magnesium, Uji tarik, Tegangan dan Regangan, Dudukan Shockbreaker.AbstractAluminium is a Non-Ferrous metal that is widely used in casting process, aluminium in pure state has poor mechanical properties, so it is necessary to add other alloying elements to improve its mechanical properties. so it is necessary to do research using eksperimental method on aluminium-magnesium. The purpose of the research is to know the stress and strain with tensile test on aluminium-magnesium alloy to be used as material on motorbike shockbreaker holder with addition magnesium 3%, 5% and 7%. Tensile test results show the mecanical properties of aluminium with The addition of magnesium elementer. The stress values of alloy of Al-Mg 3%, AlMg 5% and Al-Mg 7% were 161,15 MPa, 142,04 MPa And 91, MPa and 91,28 MPa respectively. And value of strain on alloys Al-Mg 3%, Al-Mg 5% and 7% is 0,05, 0,03 and 0,02. The stress and strain values can be seen diffferently on each test, The stress and strain values will decrease.Keywords : Aluminium-Magnesium, Tensile test, stress and strain, Shockbreaker Holder.

scholarly journals Reliability of soldered joints for aerospace applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Desrochers
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Electronic Assemblies

Known to be highly reliable, Tin-Lead (SnPb) solders have long been used in commercial and aerospace electronic assemblies due to their ability to withstand thermo-mechanical fatigue. A number of constitutive and thermo-mechanical life models for SnPb soldered joints can be used to determine whether a given board design meets the reliability requirements of a system. Known to be highly reliable, Tin-Lead (SnPb) solders have long been used in commercial and aerospace electronic assemblies due to their ability to withstand thermo-mechanical fatigue. A number of constitutive and thermo-mechanical life models for SnPb soldered joints can be used to determine whether a given board design meets the reliability requirements of a system.Due to environmental and toxicological concerns, government legislations worldwide now limit the use of Pb in manufacturing processes. Therefore, the aerospace industry must understand the reliability of proposed Pb-free alternatives prior to using them in the aerospace applications. In order to improve the space-readiness of Pb-free solders, a well-rounded collection of space-specific test results must be compiled and test-verified predictive life models must be developed. Finally, quality control processes associated with manufacturing, handling, and repairing Pb-free solders will have to be created before the space industry can make the transition from SnPb to Pb-free solders.

scholarly journals Reliability of soldered joints for aerospace applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Desrochers
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Electronic Assemblies

Known to be highly reliable, Tin-Lead (SnPb) solders have long been used in commercial and aerospace electronic assemblies due to their ability to withstand thermo-mechanical fatigue. A number of constitutive and thermo-mechanical life models for SnPb soldered joints can be used to determine whether a given board design meets the reliability requirements of a system. Known to be highly reliable, Tin-Lead (SnPb) solders have long been used in commercial and aerospace electronic assemblies due to their ability to withstand thermo-mechanical fatigue. A number of constitutive and thermo-mechanical life models for SnPb soldered joints can be used to determine whether a given board design meets the reliability requirements of a system.Due to environmental and toxicological concerns, government legislations worldwide now limit the use of Pb in manufacturing processes. Therefore, the aerospace industry must understand the reliability of proposed Pb-free alternatives prior to using them in the aerospace applications. In order to improve the space-readiness of Pb-free solders, a well-rounded collection of space-specific test results must be compiled and test-verified predictive life models must be developed. Finally, quality control processes associated with manufacturing, handling, and repairing Pb-free solders will have to be created before the space industry can make the transition from SnPb to Pb-free solders.

Sunlight exposure: the effects on the performance of paragliding fabric

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (05) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
MENGÜÇ GAMZE SÜPÜREN ◽  
TEMEL EMRAH ◽  
BOZDOĞAN FARUK
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dark Blue

This study was designed to explore the relationship between sunlight exposure and the mechanical properties of paragliding fabrics which have different colors, densities, yarn counts, and coating materials. This study exposed 5 different colors of paragliding fabrics (red, turquoise, dark blue, orange, and white) to intense sunlight for 150 hours during the summer from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. for 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Before and after the UV radiation aging process, the air permeability, tensile strength, tear strength, and bursting strength tests were performed. Test results were also evaluated using statistical methods. According to the results, the fading of the turquoise fabric was found to be the highest among the studied fabrics. It was determined that there is a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the fabrics after sunlight exposure. After aging, the fabrics become considerably weaker in the case of mechanical properties due to the degradation in both the dyestuff and macromolecular structure of the fiber

scholarly journals Composite Material of PDMS with Interchangeable Transmittance: Study of Optical, Mechanical Properties and Wettability

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Flaminio Sales ◽  
Andrews Souza ◽  
Ronaldo Ariati ◽  
Verônica Noronha ◽  
Elder Giovanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Superhydrophobic Coating ◽  
Gravity Casting ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a polymer that has attracted the attention of researchers due to its unique properties such as transparency, biocompatibility, high flexibility, and physical and chemical stability. In addition, PDMS modification and combination with other materials can expand its range of applications. For instance, the ability to perform superhydrophobic coating allows for the manufacture of lenses. However, many of these processes are complex and expensive. One of the most promising modifications, which consists of the development of an interchangeable coating, capable of changing its optical characteristics according to some stimuli, has been underexplored. Thus, we report an experimental study of the mechanical and optical properties and wettability of pure PDMS and of two PDMS composites with the addition of 1% paraffin or beeswax using a gravity casting process. The composites’ tensile strength and hardness were lower when compared with pure PDMS. However, the contact angle was increased, reaching the highest values when using the paraffin additive. Additionally, these composites have shown interesting results for the spectrophotometry tests, i.e., the material changed its optical characteristics when heated, going from opaque at room temperature to transparent, with transmittance around 75%, at 70 °C. As a result, these materials have great potential for use in smart devices, such as sensors, due to its ability to change its transparency at high temperatures.

scholarly journals Effect of Moisture Content on the Processing and Mechanical Properties of a Biodegradable Polyester

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Titone ◽  
Antonio Correnti ◽  
Francesco Paolo La Mantia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Biodegradable Polyester ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

This work is focused on the influence of moisture content on the processing and mechanical properties of a biodegradable polyester used for applications in injection molding. The pellets of the biodegradable polyester were exposed under different relative humidity conditions at a constant temperature before being compression molded. The compression-molded specimens were again placed under the above conditions before the mechanical testing. With all these samples, it is possible to determine the effect of moisture content on the processing and mechanical properties separately, as well as the combined effect of moisture content on the mechanical properties. The results obtained showed that the amount of absorbed water—both before processing and before mechanical testing—causes an increase in elongation at break and a slight reduction of the elastic modulus and tensile strength. These changes have been associated with possible hydrolytic degradation during the compression molding process and, in particular, with the plasticizing action of the moisture absorbed by the specimens.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Al Matrix Composite Enhanced by In Situ Formed SiC, MgAl2O4, and MgO via Casting Process

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1767
Author(s):  
Yuhong Jiao ◽  
Jianfeng Zhu ◽  
Xuelin Li ◽  
Chunjie Shi ◽  
Bo Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
Al Matrix Composite ◽  
Al Matrix

Al matrix composite, reinforced with the in situ synthesized 3C–SiC, MgAl2O4, and MgO grains, was produced via the casting process using phenolic resin pyrolysis products in flash mode. The contents and microstructure of the composites’ fracture characteristics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties were tested by universal testing machine. Owing to the strong propulsion formed in turbulent flow in the pyrolysis process, nano-ceramic grains were formed in the resin pyrolysis process and simultaneously were homogeneously scattered in the alloy matrix. Thermodynamic calculation supported that the gas products, as carbon and oxygen sources, had a different chemical activity on in situ growth. In addition, ceramic (3C–SiC, MgAl2O4, and MgO) grains have discrepant contents. Resin pyrolysis in the molten alloy decreased oxide slag but increased pores in the alloy matrix. Tensile strength (142.6 ± 3.5 MPa) had no change due to the cooperative action of increased pores and fine grains; the bending and compression strength was increasing under increased contents of ceramic grains; the maximum bending strength was 378.2 MPa in 1.5% resin-added samples; and the maximum compression strength was 299.4 MPa. Lath-shaped Si was the primary effect factor of mechanical properties. The failure mechanism was controlled by transcrystalline rupture mechanism. We explain that the effects of the ceramic grains formed in the hot process at the condition of the resin exist in mold or other accessory materials. Meanwhile, a novel ceramic-reinforced Al matrix was provided. The organic gas was an excellent source of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen to in situ ceramic grains in Al alloy.

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