Comparison of Isometric Portable Fixed Dynamometry to Isokinetic Dynamometry for Assessment of Hip Strength

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. Kollock ◽  
Bonnie Van Lunen ◽  
Jennifer L. Linza ◽  
James A. Onate
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Hip Strength ◽  
Isokinetic Testing ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

Context:Assessment of hip strength can be performed with either isokinetic or isometric testing procedures, but the degree of association between values derived from the alternative testing methods has not been previously documented.Objective:To investigate the relationship between isometric peak torque and isokinetic peak torque at 60°·s-1 for various hip motions.Participants:Eighteen physically active males (N = 9) and females (N = 9) participated (22 ± 3 years, 173.0 ± 10.5 cm, 73.8 ± 16.7 kg).Intervention(s):Three isokinetic repetitions at 60°·s-1 and three isometric contractions of 5 s each for the hip fexors (HFs), hip extensors (HEs), hip abductors (ABs), hip adductors (ADs), hip external rotators (ERs), and hip internal rotators (IRs).Outcome Measures:Pearson correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination were calculated for both absolute and allometric-scaled peak torque values.Results:Meaningful associations between isometric and isokinetic peak torque values were found for each hip motion. Allometric-scaled strength values demonstrated stronger correlations than absolute strength values.Conclusions:The results suggest that portable fixed isometric testing of hip strength is an alternative to isokinetic testing at 60°·s-1.

Validity of Isokinetic and Isometric Testing modalities for Assessing Short-term Resistance Exercise Strength Gains

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Fry ◽  
Dawn R. Powell ◽  
William J. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Isokinetic Testing ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Leg Flexion ◽  
Isokinetic Torque ◽  
Torque Values

Although it is generally accepted that human performance must be assessed in a manner specific to the training, previous studies have violated this principle. In order to determine the validity of evaluating short-term resistance training programs with isometric and isokinetic measures, 23 recreationally active males participated in an 8-week training program. Subjects were randomly divided into barbell squat, hip sled, leg extension, and control groups. Pre- and posttesting of quadriceps strength was performed with a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer. Six angle-specific torques (N.m) were determined at 0 rad-s-1 and 1.05 rad-s-1. Ten RM training loads increased significantly for all groups that trained. Isometric torque values differed significantly from isokinetic torque values at 30, 60, 75, and 90° of leg flexion for all groups. No significant torque increases from pre- to posttest were observed for any group at any limb angle for either isometric or isokinetic testing, or for isokinetic peak torque. This indicates that strength increases during short-term dynamic external resistance exercise are not adequately assessed with either isometric or isokinetic evaluations.

Measurement of Knee-Joint-Position Sense in Women with Genu Recurvatum

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice K. Loudon
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Genu Recurvatum ◽  
The Difference

Context:Proprioception of the knee joint.Objective:To determine the difference in knee-joint-angle reproduction in women with and without genu recurvatum (GR).Design:Between-subjects.Setting:Clinic.Subjects:Twenty-four women divided into 2 groups according to their standing knee-extension angle.Main Outcome Measures:Each subject's ability to actively reproduce active positioning of 3 knee angles (10, 30, and 60°) was measured. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine correlation values for standing GR angle and absolute angular error (AAE). A1 -way repeated-measures MANOVA was computed to evaluate differences in group, angle, limb, and trial.Results:Standing GR angle correlated significantly to the AAE angle at 10° (r= .48). The high-recurvatum group consistently scored worse, with the highest error rate occurring at 10°.Conclusion:Individuals with GR might have diminished proprioceptive sense at end-range extension that could potentially lead to knee injury.

scholarly journals Dynamic Core Flexion Strength is Important for Using Arm-Swing to Improve Countermovement Jump Height

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7676
Author(s):  
Liang Guo ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Core Strength ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Flexion Strength

Background: Specificity of core strength training to sports events is crucial for performance improvement. The purpose of this study was to examine the specific relationship between core strength and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Methods: Twenty active college students (7 male, 13 female) participated in the project. CMJ heights with (HAS) and without arm-swing (HNAS) were estimated from vertical ground reaction force data collected using a force platform. Twelve dynamic and static core strength measurements of flexion and extension were tested using a dynamometer. The shared variance between CMJ height and core strength measurements was estimated using the square of Pearson correlation coefficients (R2). Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine which independent variables in core strength measurements were major predictors of CMJ height. Results: Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between all 12 core strength measurements and CMJ height with/without arm-swing. Normalized (normalized with individuals’ body mass) peak torque during dynamic flexion at 180°per second (NPDF180) and normalized peak torque during static flexion at 120° (NPSF120) shared 72.0% variance with HAS, and NPSF120 shared 57.0% variance with HNAS. Conclusion: Dynamic core flexion strength is vital for using arm-swing to improve CMJ height. The structure of kinematic and kinetic core training could be considered to improve CMJ performance for coaches as well as professional and recreational athletes.

scholarly journals Knee Muscles Isokinetic Evaluation after a Six-Month Regular Combined Swim and Dry-Land Strength Training Period in Adolescent Competitive Swimmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios A. Dalamitros ◽  
Vasiliki Manou ◽  
Kosmas Christoulas ◽  
Spiros Kellis
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Isokinetic Testing ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Abstract Previous studies demonstrated significant increases in the shoulder internal rotators’ peak torque values and unilateral muscular imbalances of the shoulder rotators after a competitive swim period. However, there are no similar data concerning the knee muscles. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of a six-month training period on knee flexor and extensor peak torque values, examine a possible bilateral strength deficit and evaluate the unilateral strength balance in competitive swimmers. Eleven male adolescent swimmers (age: 14.82 ± 0.45 years) were tested for concentric knee extension and flexion peak torque (60°/s) with an isokinetic dynamometer, before and after a regular combined swim and dry-land strength training period. A trend towards greater improvements in the knee extensor compared to flexor muscles peak torque was observed. Furthermore, the bilateral strength deficit remained almost unchanged, whereas unilateral strength imbalance was increased for both limbs. However, all results were nonsignificant (p > 0.05). According to the data presented, a six-month regular combined swim and dry-land strength training period caused non-significant alterations for all the parameters evaluated during isokinetic testing. This study highlights the fact that competitive adolescent swimmers demonstrated unilateral knee strength imbalances throughout a long period of their yearly training macrocycle.

Knee Flexor: Extensor Isokinetic Ratios in Young Male Gymnasts and Swimmers

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theophanis Siatras ◽  
Dimitra Mameletzi ◽  
Spiros Kellis
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Training Context ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Isokinetic Testing ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

The purpose of the study was to determine young male gymnasts’ and swimmers’ knee flexor:extensor (F:E) ratios during isokinetic testing at different velocities. Nine gymnasts (10.3 ± 0.5 years) and 14 swimmers (10.5 ± 0.5 years) participated. Concentric isokinetic peak torque was measured by a Cybex® Norm dynamometer at different angular velocities (60,120, and 180°/s) during unilateral knee extensions and flexions after gravity correction. Significant differences were found only in gymnasts’ knee F:E peak-torque ratios between the angular velocities of 60 and 120°/s (p < 0.01), as well as 60–180°/s (p < .01), whereas swimmers’ ratios were unchanged. Gymnasts presented significantly higher F:E ratios than swimmers did at the angular velocities of 120°/s (p < .01) and 180°/s (p < .001). The reciprocal ratios provided some indication that the training context of young athletes can influence the balance between agonistic and antagonistic activity of the lower limbs’ major muscle groups.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

Comparative Responses to Squats Completed with Free Weights and an Exoskeleton

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Peter Neuhaus ◽  
Chris Jumonville ◽  
Rachel A. Perry ◽  
Roman Edwards ◽  
Jake L. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Comparative Similarity ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Familiarization Session

AbstractTo assess the comparative similarity of squat data collected as they wore a robotic exoskeleton, female athletes (n=14) did two exercise bouts spaced 14 days apart. Data from their exoskeleton workout was compared to a session they did with free weights. Each squat workout entailed a four-set, four-repetition paradigm with 60-second rest periods. Sets for each workout involved progressively heavier (22.5, 34, 45.5, 57 kg) loads. The same physiological, perceptual, and exercise performance dependent variables were measured and collected from both workouts. Per dependent variable, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-tests, and Cohen's d effect size compared the degree of similarity between values obtained from the exoskeleton and free weight workouts. Results show peak O2, heart rate, and peak force data produced the least variability. In contrast, far more inter-workout variability was noted for peak velocity, peak power, and electromyography (EMG) values. Overall, an insufficient amount of comparative similarity exists for data collected from both workouts. Due to the limited data similarity, the exoskeleton does not exhibit an acceptable degree of validity. Likely the cause for the limited similarity was due to the brief amount of familiarization subjects had to the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection. A familiarization session that accustomed subjects to squats done with the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection may have considerably improved the validity of data obtained from that device.

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Impact on Work-Home Interference in a South African Commuter Transport Engineering Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Christoff Visagie ◽  
Michael M. Jones ◽  
Herman L. Linde
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Engineering Company ◽  
Member Exchange

The South African workplace is confronted with many leadership challenges, specifically those relating to the employment relationship between subordinates and their supervisors. A high-quality relationship is essential, considering the work-family spillovers employees experience. Limited research has been conducted on the potential positive and negative consequences of the leader-member exchange (LMX) dyadic relationship. In this study, we used a cross-sectional research design, and drew an employee sample (N = 120) from a commuter transport engineering company. A five-point Likert scale was employed and statistical analyses were carried out using the SAS statistical program. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients and used structural equation modelling to test the proposed conceptual model to indicate possible correlations between the different variables. The main finding of the study was that the nature of the LMX relationship quality in the relevant company appeared to be high and positively related to work-home enrichment but negatively related to work-home conflict and role overload. The article concludes by making a number of suggestions to respond to challenges.

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