scholarly journals The Effects of Compression-Garment Pressure on Recovery After Strenuous Exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1078-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Hill ◽  
Glyn Howatson ◽  
Ken van Someren ◽  
David Gaze ◽  
Hayley Legg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Compression Garment ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Exercise Induced

Compression garments are frequently used to facilitate recovery from strenuous exercise.Purpose:To identify the effects of 2 different grades of compression garment on recovery indices after strenuous exercise.Methods:Forty-five recreationally active participants (n = 26 male and n = 19 female) completed an eccentric-exercise protocol consisting of 100 drop jumps, after which they were matched for body mass and randomly but equally assigned to a high-compression pressure (HI) group, a low-compression pressure (LOW) group, or a sham ultrasound group (SHAM). Participants in the HI and LOW groups wore the garments for 72 h postexercise; participants in the SHAM group received a single treatment of 10-min sham ultrasound. Measures of perceived muscle soreness, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), countermovement-jump height (CMJ), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), and myoglobin (Mb) were assessed before the exercise protocol and again at 1, 24, 48, and 72 h postexercise. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA.Results:Recovery of MVC and CMJ was significantly improved with the HI compression garment (P < .05). A significant time-by-treatment interaction was also observed for jump height at 24 h postexercise (P < .05). No significant differences were observed for parameters of soreness and plasma CK, CRP, and Mb.Conclusions:The pressures exerted by a compression garment affect recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage, with higher pressure improving recovery of muscle function.

scholarly journals The efficacy of protein supplementation during recovery from muscle-damaging concurrent exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 716-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Eddens ◽  
Sarah Browne ◽  
Emma J. Stevenson ◽  
Brad Sanderson ◽  
Ken van Someren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Concurrent Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study investigated the effect of protein supplementation on recovery following muscle-damaging exercise, which was induced with a concurrent exercise design. Twenty-four well-trained male cyclists were randomised to 3 independent groups receiving 20 g protein hydrolysate, iso-caloric carbohydrate, or low-calorific placebo supplementation, per serve. Supplement serves were provided twice daily, from the onset of the muscle-damaging exercise, for a total of 4 days and in addition to a controlled diet (6 g·kg−1·day−1 carbohydrate, 1.2 g·kg−1·day−1 protein, remainder from fat). Following the concurrent exercise session at time-point 0 h, comprising a simulated high-intensity road cycling trial and 100 drop-jumps, recovery of outcome measures was assessed at 24, 48, and 72 h. The concurrent exercise protocol was deemed to have caused exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), owing to time effects (p < 0.001), confirming decrements in maximal voluntary contraction (peaking at 15% ± 10%) and countermovement jump performance (peaking at 8% ± 7%), along with increased muscle soreness, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein concentrations. No group or interaction effects (p > 0.05) were observed for any of the outcome measures. The present results indicate that protein supplementation does not attenuate any of the indirect indices of EIMD imposed by concurrent exercise, when employing great rigour around the provision of a quality habitual diet and the provision of appropriate supplemental controls.

Evaluations of Labrador Retrievers With Exercise-Induced Collapse, Including Response to a Standardized Strenuous Exercise Protocol

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Taylor ◽  
Cindy L. Shmon ◽  
Vicki J. Adams ◽  
James R. Mickelson ◽  
Edward (Ned) E. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Lactate And Pyruvate ◽  
Metabolic Variables ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Labrador Retrievers

Clinical and metabolic variables were evaluated in 14 Labrador retrievers with exerciseinduced collapse (EIC) before, during, and following completion of a standardized strenuous exercise protocol. Findings were compared with previously reported variables from 14 normal Labrador retrievers that participated in the same protocol. Ten of 14 dogs with EIC developed an abnormal gait during evaluation, and these dogs were significantly more tachycardic and had a more severe respiratory alkalosis after exercise compared to the normal dogs. Muscle biopsy characteristics and sequential lactate and pyruvate concentrations were normal. Genetic testing and linkage analysis excluded malignant hyperthermia as the cause of EIC. Common causes of exercise intolerance were eliminated, but the cause of collapse in EIC was not determined.

scholarly journals Downhill Running: What Are The Effects and How Can We Adapt? A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2083-2110
Author(s):  
Bastien Bontemps ◽  
Fabrice Vercruyssen ◽  
Mathieu Gruet ◽  
Julien Louis
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Downhill Running ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Function

AbstractDownhill running (DR) is a whole-body exercise model that is used to investigate the physiological consequences of eccentric muscle actions and/or exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). In a sporting context, DR sections can be part of running disciplines (off-road and road running) and can accentuate EIMD, leading to a reduction in performance. The purpose of this narrative review is to: (1) better inform on the acute and delayed physiological effects of DR; (2) identify and discuss, using a comprehensive approach, the DR characteristics that affect the physiological responses to DR and their potential interactions; (3) provide the current state of evidence on preventive and in-situ strategies to better adapt to DR. Key findings of this review show that DR may have an impact on exercise performance by altering muscle structure and function due to EIMD. In the majority of studies, EIMD are assessed through isometric maximal voluntary contraction, blood creatine kinase and delayed onset muscle soreness, with DR characteristics (slope, exercise duration, and running speed) acting as the main influencing factors. In previous studies, the median (25th percentile, Q1; 75th percentile, Q3) slope, exercise duration, and running speed were − 12% (− 15%; − 10%), 40 min (30 min; 45 min) and 11.3 km h−1 (9.8 km h−1; 12.9 km h−1), respectively. Regardless of DR characteristics, people the least accustomed to DR generally experienced the most EIMD. There is growing evidence to suggest that preventive strategies that consist of prior exposure to DR are the most effective to better tolerate DR. The effectiveness of in-situ strategies such as lower limb compression garments and specific footwear remains to be confirmed. Our review finally highlights important discrepancies between studies in the assessment of EIMD, DR protocols and populations, which prevent drawing firm conclusions on factors that most influence the response to DR, and adaptive strategies to DR.

scholarly journals Concurrent Validity and Reliability of Three Ultra-Portable Vertical Jump Assessment Technologies

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7240
Author(s):  
Casey M. Watkins ◽  
Ed Maunder ◽  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Dustin J. Oranchuk
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Set Up

Vertical jump is a valuable training, testing, and readiness monitoring tool used across a multitude of sport settings. However, accurate field analysis has not always been readily available or affordable. For this study, two-dimensional motion capture (Mo-Cap), G-Flight micro-sensor, and PUSH accelerometer technologies were compared to a research-grade force-plate. Twelve healthy university students (7 males, 5 females) volunteered for this study. Each participant performed squat jumps, countermovement jumps, and drop jumps on three separate occasions. Between-device differences were determined using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Systematic bias was determined by limits of agreement using Bland–Altman analysis. Variability was examined via the coefficient of variation, interclass correlation coefficient, and typical error of measure. Dependent variables included jump height, contact-time, and reactive strength index (RSI). Mo-Cap held the greatest statistical similarity to force-plates, only overestimating contact-time (+12 ms). G-Flight (+1.3–4 cm) and PUSH (+4.1–4.5 cm) consistently overestimate jump height, while PUSH underestimates contact-time (−24 ms). Correspondingly, RSI was the most valid metric across all technologies. All technologies held small to moderate variably; however, variability was greatest with the G-Flight. While all technologies are practically implementable, practitioners may want to consider budget, athlete characteristics, exercise demands, set-up, and processing time before purchasing the most appropriate equipment.

Spaceflight suppresses exercise-induced release of bioassayable growth hormone

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. McCall ◽  
C. Goulet ◽  
R. R. Roy ◽  
R. E. Grindeland ◽  
G. I. Boorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Muscle Afferent ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

We have reported that bed rest suppressed the release of bioassayable growth hormone (BGH) that normally occurs after an acute bout of unilateral plantar flexor exercise (G. E. McCall, C. Goulet, R. E. Grindeland, J. A. Hodgson, A. J. Bigbee, and V. R. Edgerton. J. Appl. Physiol. 83: 2086–2090, 1997). In the present study, the effects of spaceflight on the hormonal responses to this exercise protocol were examined. Four male astronauts on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Shuttle Transport System (STS-78) mission completed the exercise protocol before, during, and after a 17-day spaceflight. The maximal voluntary contraction torque output at the onset of exercise was similar on all test days. Before spaceflight, plasma BGH increased 114–168% from pre- to postexercise. During spaceflight and after 2 days recovery at normal gravity (1 G), the BGH response to exercise was absent. After 4 days of recovery, this response was restored. Plasma concentrations of immunoassayable growth hormone were similar at all time points. The preexercise plasma immunoassayable insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels were elevated after 12 or 13 days of microgravity, and a ≈7% postexercise IGF-I increase was independent of this spaceflight effect. The suppression of the BGH response to exercise during spaceflight indicates that some minimum level of chronic neuromuscular activity and/or loading is necessary to maintain a normal exercise-induced BGH release. Moreover, these results suggest that there is a muscle afferent-pituitary axis that can modulate BGH release.

scholarly journals Leg Immersion in Warm Water, Stretch-Shortening Exercise, and Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertas Skurvydas ◽  
Sigitas Kamandulis ◽  
Aleksas Stanislovaitis ◽  
Vytautas Streckis ◽  
Gediminas Mamkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Contraction Force ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Context: Whether muscle warming protects against exercise-induced muscle damage is unknown. Objective: To determine the effect of leg immersion in warm water before stretch-shortening exercise on the time course of indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage. Design: Crossover trial. Setting: Human kinetics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eleven healthy, untrained men (age  =  21.5 ± 1.7 years). Intervention(s): Participants' legs were immersed in a water bath at 44 ± 1°C for 45 minutes. Main Outcome Measure(s): Creatine kinase changes in the blood, muscle soreness, prolonged (within 72 hours) impairment in maximal voluntary contraction force and height of drop jump, and electrically evoked muscle force at low and high stimulation frequencies at short and long muscle lengths. Results: Leg immersion in warm water before stretch-shortening exercise reduced most of the indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, including creatine kinase activity in the blood, muscle soreness, maximal voluntary contraction force, and jump height. The values for maximal voluntary contraction force and jump height, however, were higher during prewarming than for the control condition at 48 hours after stretch-shortening exercise, but this difference was only minor at other time points. Muscle prewarming did not bring about any changes in the dynamics of low-frequency fatigue, registered at either short or long muscle length, within 72 hours of stretch-shortening exercise. Conclusions: Leg immersion in warm water before stretch-shortening exercise reduced most of the indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage. However, the clinical application of muscle prewarming may be limited, because decreasing muscle damage did not necessarily lead to improved voluntary performance.

Exercise-Induced Fibrinolysis – Fact or Fiction?

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (02) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
N A Marsh ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Male Subjects

SummaryThe effect of strenuous exercise on the fibrinolytic and coagulation mechanisms was examined in six healthy male subjects. Five min bicycle exercise at a work-rate of 800 to 1200 kpm. min−1 produced an abrupt increase in plasma plasminogen activator levels which disappeared after 90 min. However, there was no change in early or late fibrin degradation products nor was there a change in fibrinopeptide A levels or βthromboglobulin levels after exercise although activated partial thromboplastin times were significantly shortened. It is concluded that strenuous exercise does not produce any real increase in fibrinogen-fibrin conversion nor any real increase in the breakdown of these proteins. The role of exercise-induced release of plasminogen activator remains unclear, but probably helps to maintain plasma levels in a discontinuous manner concurrently with the continuous low-level secretion from the vascular wall. The shortening of partial thromboplastin time may be due to the raised levels of plasminogen activator changing the activation state of other coagulation factors.

scholarly journals Regular consumption of cod liver oil is associated with reduced basal and exercise-induced C-reactive protein levels; a prospective observational trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Wærstad Hansen ◽  
Stein Ørn ◽  
Christine B. Erevik ◽  
Magnus Friestad Bjørkavoll-Bergseth ◽  
Øyvind Skadberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Background Dietary supplement use among recreational athletes is common, with the intention of reducing inflammation and improving recovery. We aimed to describe the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid supplement use and inflammation induced by strenuous exercise. Methods C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured in 1002 healthy recreational athletes before and 24 h after a 91-km bicycle race. The use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements was reported in 856 out of 1002 recreational athletes, and the association between supplement use and the exercise-induced CRP response was assessed. Results Two hundred seventy-four subjects reported regular use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements. One hundred seventy-three of these used cod liver oil (CLO). Regular users of omega-3 fatty acid supplements had significantly lower basal and exercise-induced CRP levels as compared to non-users (n = 348, p < 0.001). Compared to non-users, regular users had a 27% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14–40) reduction in Ln CRP response (unadjusted model, p < 0.001) and 16% (95% CI: 5–28, p = 0.006) reduction after adjusting for age, sex, race duration, body mass index, delta creatine kinase, MET hours per week, resting heart rate and higher education. CLO was the primary driver of this response with a 34% (95% CI: 19–49) reduction (unadjusted model, p < 0.001) compared to non-users. Corresponding numbers in the adjusted model were 24% (95% CI: 11–38, p < 0.001). Conclusion Basal CRP levels were reduced, and the exercise-induced CRP response was attenuated in healthy recreational cyclists who used omega-3 fatty acid supplements regularly. This effect was only present in regular users of CLO. Trial registration NCT02166216, registered June 18, 2014 – Retrospectively registered.

Is there an exercise duration threshold for exercise-induced troponin elevation in healthy recreational athletes? The NEEDED 2014 advanced heart rate monitor substudy

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bjorkavoll-Bergseth ◽  
B Auestad ◽  
O Kleiven ◽  
O Skadberg ◽  
T Eftestol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Clinical Consequence ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Public Grant

Abstract Background/Introduction Following prolonged strenuous exercise there is an exercise-induced troponin (cTn) elevation in healthy individuals. The precise mechanisms and clinical consequence of this cTn elevation remain to be determined. It has recently been demonstrated that exercise intensity, exceeding a heart rate (HR) of 150 bpm, is correlated with exercise-induced cTn elevation. Purpose The present work aims to determine if there is a threshold for exercise duration with a HR exceeding 150 bpm associated with an excessive exercise-induced cTn elevation. Methods A total of 177 healthy subjects were included in the present analysis of HR data obtained from sport watches used during a 91-km recreational mountain bike cycle race. Clinical status, cTnI, ECGs, blood pressure and demographics were obtained 24 h prior to- and at 3 h and 24 h after the race. Results are reported as median and 25th and 75th percentile. We used Tree regression to determine the association between elevated cTnI and exercise duration exceeding a HR of 150 bpm. Results Subjects were 82% (n=146) males, 44 (39–51) years, with a race time of 3.5 (3.1–3.9) h. Baseline cTnI was 1.9 (1.6–3.3) ng/L. There was a cTnI elevation in all study participants at 3 h, cTnI: 60.0 (36.0–99.3) ng/L, with a significant (p&lt;0.001) reduction at 24 hours following exercise, cTnI: 10.9 (6.1–22.4) ng/L. Tree regression identified 168 min of exercise, with a HR exceeding 150 bpm, to be associated with an excessive increase in cTnI both at 3 h, and at 24 h following the race (figure). The median cTn values above and below the threshold are presented in the Table. Conclusion The present analysis suggests that exceeding a specific duration of high intensity exercise may be associated with excessive cTn elevation in susceptible individuals. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Western Norway Health authoritites.

Grading, Time Course, and Incidence of Exercise-Induced nduced Airway Obstruction and Hyperinflation in Asthmatic Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5s) ◽  
pp. 868-879
Author(s):  
Gerd J. A. Cropp ◽  
I. J. Schmultzler
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Small Airway Obstruction

We evaluated clinical status and pulmonary function in 60 perennially asthmatic and 11 normal children before and repeatedly after incrementally increasing bicycle ergometer exercise. The changes in clinical status and pulmonary function which were elicited by strenuous exercise were graded by an air exchange and a physiological grading system respectively. Normal children showed no significant clinical or physiological changes after exercise. Strenuous exercise elicited significant deteriorations in clinical and physiological measurements in 36% to 77% of asthmatic girls and 46% to 90% of asthmatic boys, the frequency depending on the test used to determine exercise-induced abnormalities. The incidence of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was statistically significantly higher in asthmatic boys than girls. The higher incidence of EIA in boys was primarily due to a larger number of very severe attacks in boys than girls; mild and moderate EIA was about equally common in the two sexes. Most patients with EIA developed large and small airway obstruction, although large airway obstruction tended to be the predominant and the more severe abnormality. Clinical and physiological abnormalities, regardless of severity, were usually most marked during the first ten minutes after exercise and lessened thereafter. Mild EIA usually lasted for only 15 minutes or less; severe EIA improved, but usually did not resolve within 35 minutes of exercise. There were three patients in whom the severity of EIA got worse after exercise and an additional seven in whom the improvement was minimal. In these ten patients isoproterenol aerosol terminated EIA, indicating that exercise-induced large and small airway obstruction in asthmatic children is primarily. if not solely. due to bronchospasm.

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