scholarly journals The efficacy of protein supplementation during recovery from muscle-damaging concurrent exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 716-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Eddens ◽  
Sarah Browne ◽  
Emma J. Stevenson ◽  
Brad Sanderson ◽  
Ken van Someren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Concurrent Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study investigated the effect of protein supplementation on recovery following muscle-damaging exercise, which was induced with a concurrent exercise design. Twenty-four well-trained male cyclists were randomised to 3 independent groups receiving 20 g protein hydrolysate, iso-caloric carbohydrate, or low-calorific placebo supplementation, per serve. Supplement serves were provided twice daily, from the onset of the muscle-damaging exercise, for a total of 4 days and in addition to a controlled diet (6 g·kg−1·day−1 carbohydrate, 1.2 g·kg−1·day−1 protein, remainder from fat). Following the concurrent exercise session at time-point 0 h, comprising a simulated high-intensity road cycling trial and 100 drop-jumps, recovery of outcome measures was assessed at 24, 48, and 72 h. The concurrent exercise protocol was deemed to have caused exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), owing to time effects (p < 0.001), confirming decrements in maximal voluntary contraction (peaking at 15% ± 10%) and countermovement jump performance (peaking at 8% ± 7%), along with increased muscle soreness, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein concentrations. No group or interaction effects (p > 0.05) were observed for any of the outcome measures. The present results indicate that protein supplementation does not attenuate any of the indirect indices of EIMD imposed by concurrent exercise, when employing great rigour around the provision of a quality habitual diet and the provision of appropriate supplemental controls.

Recovery and Adaptation From Repeated Intermittent-Sprint Exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D.C. Leeder ◽  
Ken A. van Someren ◽  
David Gaze ◽  
Andrew Jewell ◽  
Nawed I.K. Deshmukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Test List ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
National League ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Main Effects

Purpose:This investigation aimed to ascertain a detailed physiological profile of recovery from intermittentsprint exercise of athletes familiar with the exercise and to investigate if athletes receive a protective effect on markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), inflammation, and oxidative stress after a repeated exposure to an identical bout of intermittent-sprint exercise.Methods:Eight well-trained male team-sport athletes of National League or English University Premier Division standard (mean ± SD age 23 ± 3 y, VO2max 54.8 ± 4.6 mL · kg−1 · min−1) completed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) on 2 occasions, separated by 14 d. Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), countermovement jump (CMJ), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), F2-isoprostanes, and muscle soreness (DOMS) were measured before and up to 72 h after the initial and repeated LISTs.Results:MIVC, CMJ, CK, IL-6, and DOMS all showed main effects for time (P < .05) after the LIST, indicating that EIMD was present. DOMS peaked at 24 h after LIST 1 (110 ± 53 mm), was attenuated after LIST 2 (56 ± 39 mm), and was the only dependent variable to demonstrate a reduction in the second bout (P = .008). All other markers indicated that EIMD did not differ between bouts.Conclusion:Well-trained games players experienced EIMD after exposure to both exercise tests, despite being accustomed to the exercise type. This suggests that well-trained athletes receive a very limited protective effect from the first bout.

scholarly journals The Effects of Compression-Garment Pressure on Recovery After Strenuous Exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1078-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Hill ◽  
Glyn Howatson ◽  
Ken van Someren ◽  
David Gaze ◽  
Hayley Legg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Compression Garment ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Exercise Induced

Compression garments are frequently used to facilitate recovery from strenuous exercise.Purpose:To identify the effects of 2 different grades of compression garment on recovery indices after strenuous exercise.Methods:Forty-five recreationally active participants (n = 26 male and n = 19 female) completed an eccentric-exercise protocol consisting of 100 drop jumps, after which they were matched for body mass and randomly but equally assigned to a high-compression pressure (HI) group, a low-compression pressure (LOW) group, or a sham ultrasound group (SHAM). Participants in the HI and LOW groups wore the garments for 72 h postexercise; participants in the SHAM group received a single treatment of 10-min sham ultrasound. Measures of perceived muscle soreness, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), countermovement-jump height (CMJ), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), and myoglobin (Mb) were assessed before the exercise protocol and again at 1, 24, 48, and 72 h postexercise. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA.Results:Recovery of MVC and CMJ was significantly improved with the HI compression garment (P < .05). A significant time-by-treatment interaction was also observed for jump height at 24 h postexercise (P < .05). No significant differences were observed for parameters of soreness and plasma CK, CRP, and Mb.Conclusions:The pressures exerted by a compression garment affect recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage, with higher pressure improving recovery of muscle function.

Effect of Whey Protein Hydrolysate on Performance and Recovery of Top-Class Orienteering Runners

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Hansen ◽  
Jens Bangsbo ◽  
Jørgen Jensen ◽  
Bo Martin Bibby ◽  
Klavs Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Performance Capacity ◽  
Training Camp ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Whey Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Run Test

This trial aimed to examine the effect of whey protein hydrolysate intake before and after exercise sessions on endurance performance and recovery in elite orienteers during a training camp. Eighteen elite orienteers participated in a randomized controlled intervention trial during a 1-week training camp (13 exercise sessions). Half of the runners (PRO-CHO) ingested a protein drink before (0.3 g kg−1) and a protein-carbohydrate drink after (0.3 g protein kg−1 and 1 g carbohydrate kg−1) each exercise session. The others ingested energy and timematched carbohydrate drinks (CHO). A 4-km run-test with 20 control points was performed before and on the last day of the intervention. Blood and saliva were obtained in the mornings, before and after run-tests, and after the last training session. During the intervention, questionnaires were fulfilled regarding psychological sense of performance capacity and motivation. PRO-CHO and not CHO improved performance in the 4-km run-test (interaction p < .05). An increase in serum creatine kinase was observed during the week, which was greater in CHO than PRO-CHO (interactionp < .01). Lactate dehydrogenase (p < .001) and cortisol (p = .057) increased during the week, but the change did not differ between groups. Reduction in sense of performance capacity during the intervention was greater in CHO (p < .05) than PRO-CHO. In conclusion, ingestion of whey protein hydrolysate before and after each exercise session improves performance and reduces markers of muscle damage during a strenuous 1-week training camp. The results indicate that protein supplementation in conjunction with each exercise session facilitates the recovery from strenuous training in elite orienteers.

Effects of Quercetin Supplementation on Markers of Muscle Damage and Inflammation after Eccentric Exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. O’Fallon ◽  
Diksha Kaushik ◽  
Bozena Michniak-Kohn ◽  
C. Patrick Dunne ◽  
Edward J. Zambraski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Arm Swelling ◽  
Postexercise Recovery ◽  
Exercise Induced

The flavonoid quercetin is purported to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study examined if quercetin supplementation attenuates indicators of exercise-induced muscle damage in a doubleblind laboratory study. Thirty healthy subjects were randomized to quercetin (QU) or placebo (PL) supplementation and performed 2 separate sessions of 24 eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors. Muscle strength, soreness, resting arm angle, upper arm swelling, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, plasma quercetin (PQ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed before and for 5 d after exercise. Subjects then ingested nutrition bars containing 1,000 mg/d QU or PL for 7 d before and 5 d after the second exercise session, using the opposite arm. PQ reached 202 ± 52 ng/ml after 7 d of supplementation and remained elevated during the 5-d postexercise recovery period (p < .05). Subjects experienced strength loss (peak = 47%), muscle soreness (peak = 39 ± 6 mm), reduced arm angle (–7° ± 1°), CK elevations (peak = 3,307 ± 1,481 U/L), and arm swelling (peak = 11 ± 2 mm; p < .0001), indicating muscle damage and inflammation; however, differences between treatments were not detected. Eccentric exercise did not alter plasma IL-6 (peak = 1.9 pg/ml) or CRP (peak = 1.6 mg/L) relative to baseline or by treatment. QU supplementation had no effect on markers of muscle damage or inflammation after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors.

scholarly journals Regular consumption of cod liver oil is associated with reduced basal and exercise-induced C-reactive protein levels; a prospective observational trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Wærstad Hansen ◽  
Stein Ørn ◽  
Christine B. Erevik ◽  
Magnus Friestad Bjørkavoll-Bergseth ◽  
Øyvind Skadberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Background Dietary supplement use among recreational athletes is common, with the intention of reducing inflammation and improving recovery. We aimed to describe the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid supplement use and inflammation induced by strenuous exercise. Methods C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured in 1002 healthy recreational athletes before and 24 h after a 91-km bicycle race. The use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements was reported in 856 out of 1002 recreational athletes, and the association between supplement use and the exercise-induced CRP response was assessed. Results Two hundred seventy-four subjects reported regular use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements. One hundred seventy-three of these used cod liver oil (CLO). Regular users of omega-3 fatty acid supplements had significantly lower basal and exercise-induced CRP levels as compared to non-users (n = 348, p < 0.001). Compared to non-users, regular users had a 27% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14–40) reduction in Ln CRP response (unadjusted model, p < 0.001) and 16% (95% CI: 5–28, p = 0.006) reduction after adjusting for age, sex, race duration, body mass index, delta creatine kinase, MET hours per week, resting heart rate and higher education. CLO was the primary driver of this response with a 34% (95% CI: 19–49) reduction (unadjusted model, p < 0.001) compared to non-users. Corresponding numbers in the adjusted model were 24% (95% CI: 11–38, p < 0.001). Conclusion Basal CRP levels were reduced, and the exercise-induced CRP response was attenuated in healthy recreational cyclists who used omega-3 fatty acid supplements regularly. This effect was only present in regular users of CLO. Trial registration NCT02166216, registered June 18, 2014 – Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON FATIGUE AND DEPRESSION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3674-3679
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Singh ◽  
◽  
Afsha Mulla ◽  
Farheen Farooque Khan ◽  
Ronika Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
P Value ◽  
Target Heart Rate ◽  
Convenience Sample

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, systemic, inflammatory condition causing pain, disability, and psychological distress. It is the most common chronic inflammatory joint disease, affecting 0.1-1% of the population. Women are affected 3 times more than men. Because of its chronic, painful, and disabling character, RA tends to have a profound impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Materials and methods: In the present study a convenience sample of 30 individuals between 30 to 60 years of age group according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The exercise intervention was participation in aerobic exercise session 3 times weekly for 6 weeks. The session consisted of 3 phases –1)Warm-up phase 2).Aerobic period 3) Cool down phase.Subjects were given their target heart rate for 40% and 60% of their HRmax. They were instructed to start exercising at 40% and progress to 60% as tolerated given their subjective exertion using the Talk Test (being able to talk while exercising without being short of breath). Global Fatigue Index Of The Multidimensional Assessment Of Fatigue Questionnaire (GFI) and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies- Depression Scale (CES-D)were used as outcome measures for evaluating fatigue and severity of depression respectively in the subjects and the data was statistically analysed. Results: Paired t-test was done for pre and post mean values for MAF-GFI scale. The results showed statistically significant values for both the outcome measures (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study concludes that 6 weeks of aerobic exercise showed significant effect in decreasing fatigue and depression in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. KEY WORDS: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Fatigue, Depression, Aerobic Exercise.

scholarly journals Post-Exercise Recovery Following 30-Day Supplementation of Trans-Resveratrol and Polyphenol-Enriched Extracts

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Jo ◽  
Rachel Bartosh ◽  
Alexandra T. Auslander ◽  
Dean Directo ◽  
Adam Osmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Vastus Intermedius ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 30-day consumption of trans-resveratrol and polyphenol-enriched extracts on indices of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and performance following eccentric-loaded resistance exercise (ECRE). Methods: Following 30 days of resveratrol-polyphenol (RES) (n = 10) or placebo control (CTL) (n = 12) supplementation, subjects performed a bout of ECRE to induce EIMD. EIMD biomarkers, perceived soreness, pain threshold and tolerance, range of motion, and performance were measured before and 24 and 48 h after ECRE. Results: CTL subjects demonstrated increased soreness at 24 (p = 0.02) and 48 h (p = 0.03) post-ECRE, while RES subjects reported increased soreness at 24 h post-ECRE (p = 0.0003). CTL subjects exhibited decreased pain threshold in the vastus lateralis at 24 h post-ECRE (p = 0.03). CTL subjects also displayed decreased pain tolerance in the vastus intermedius at 24 h post-ECRE (p = 0.03) and the vastus lateralis at 24 (p = 0.003) and 48 h (p = 0.003). RES participants showed no change in pain threshold or tolerance from baseline. CTL subjects showed a decrease in mean (p = 0.04) and peak power (p = 0.04) at 24 h post-ECRE, while RES participants demonstrated no changes from baseline. No between-group differences were observed for the changes in serum creatine kinase. Serum C-reactive protein increased similarly in both groups at 24 h post-ECRE (p < 0.002), remaining elevated in CTL subjects while RES participants demonstrated a decline from 24 to 48 h (p = 0.04). Serum interleukin 6 increased at 24 h post-ECRE in both groups (p < 0.003) followed by a decrease from 24 to 48 h, returning to baseline levels only for RES subjects. Conclusion: Trans-resveratrol and polyphenol-enriched extract supplementation may support the attenuation of soreness and inflammation and improve performance recovery following ECRE without modulation of indirect biomarkers of EIMD.

scholarly journals Altered mechanisms of sympathetic activation during rhythmic forearm exercise in heart failure

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1551-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Silber ◽  
Greg Sutliff ◽  
Qing X. Yang ◽  
Michael B. Smith ◽  
Lawrence I. Sinoway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Separate Control ◽  
Forearm Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

In congestive heart failure (CHF), the mechanisms of exercise-induced sympathoexcitation are poorly defined. We compared the responses of sympathetic nerve activity directed to muscle (MSNA) and to skin (SSNA, peroneal microneurography) during rhythmic handgrip (RHG) at 25% of maximal voluntary contraction and during posthandgrip circulatory arrest (PHG-CA) in CHF patients with those of an age-matched control group. During RHG, the CHF patients fatigued prematurely. At end exercise, the increase in MSNA was similar in both groups (CHF patients, n = 12; controls, n = 10). However, during PHG-CA, in the controls MSNA returned to baseline, whereas it remained elevated in CHF patients ( P < 0.05). Similarly, at end exercise, the increase in SSNA was comparable in both groups (CHF patients, n = 11; controls, n = 12), whereas SSNA remained elevated during PHG-CA in CHF patients but not in the controls ( P < 0.05). In a separate control group ( n = 6), even high-intensity static handgrip was not accompanied by sustained elevation of SSNA during PHG-CA. 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy during RHG demonstrated significant muscle acidosis and accumulation of inorganic phosphate in CHF patients ( n = 7) but not in controls ( n = 9). We conclude that in CHF patients rhythmic forearm exercise leads to premature fatigue and accumulation of muscle metabolites. The prominent PHG-CA response of MSNA and SSNA in CHF patients suggests activation of the muscle metaboreflex. Because, in contrast to controls, in CHF patients both MSNA and SSNA appear to be under muscle metaboreflex control, the mechanisms and distribution of sympathetic outflow during exercise appear to be different from normal.

scholarly journals Soluble Whey Protein Hydrolysate Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy Induced by Immobilization via Regulating the PI3K/Akt Pathway in C57BL/6 Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3362
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Shin ◽  
Seok Jun Park ◽  
Seung Il Ahn ◽  
Se-Young Choung
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Whey Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Whey Protein Hydrolysate

Sarcopenia, a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is prevalent in older people and associated with functional decline and mortality. Protein supplementation is necessary to maintain skeletal muscle mass and whey protein hydrolysates have the best nutrient quality among food proteins. In the first study, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to immobilization for 1 week to induce muscle atrophy. Then, mice were administered with four different whey protein hydrolysates for 2 weeks with continuous immobilization. Among them, soluble whey protein hydrolysate (WP-S) had the greatest increase in grip strength, muscle weight, and cross-sectional area of muscle fiber than other whey protein hydrolysates. To investigate the molecular mechanism, we conducted another experiment with the same experimental design. WP-S significantly promoted the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and inhibited the PI3K/Akt/forkhead box O (FoxO) pathway. In addition, it increased myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression in both the soleus and quadriceps and changed MyHC isoform expressions. In conclusion, WP-S attenuated muscle atrophy induced by immobilization by enhancing the net protein content regulating muscle protein synthesis and degradation. Thus, it is a necessary and probable candidate for developing functional food to prevent sarcopenia.

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