Age Differences in the Motivating Factors for Exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Campbell ◽  
Domhnall MacAuley ◽  
Evelyn McCrum ◽  
Alun Evans
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Illness Prevention ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
Changing Demographics ◽  
Exercise Promotion

Different people exercise for different reasons. Older persons may have different priorities than younger ones and thus are motivated to exercise by different factors. Given the changing demographics with an increasing proportion of older adults in the general population, it is important that we do not overlook this cohort when designing health promotion and illness prevention programs. Motivating factors for physical activity were recorded by participants (N = 916) in the Northern Ireland Health and Activity Survey (1994) using an extensive computerized interview. In 10 of the 13 motivating factors for exercise studied, there were significant differences between age groups on the importance of personal goals and the perceived efficacy of exercise in achieving these goals. This has implications for exercise promotion programs.

Video Games and Emotion Regulation

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Ossenfort ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Media Preferences

Abstract. Research on age differences in media usage has shown that older adults are more likely than younger adults to select positive emotional content. Research on emotional aging has examined whether older adults also seek out positivity in the everyday situations they choose, resulting so far in mixed results. We investigated the emotional choices of different age groups using video games as a more interactive type of affect-laden stimuli. Participants made multiple selections from a group of positive and negative games. Results showed that older adults selected the more positive games, but also reported feeling worse after playing them. Results supplement the literature on positivity in situation selection as well as on older adults’ interactive media preferences.

scholarly journals Reduced immune-regulatory molecule expression on human colonic memory CD4 T cells in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Dillon ◽  
Tezha A. Thompson ◽  
Allison J. Christians ◽  
Martin D. McCarter ◽  
Cara C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Cell Immunity ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells

Abstract Background The etiology of the low-level chronic inflammatory state associated with aging is likely multifactorial, but a number of animal and human studies have implicated a functional decline of the gastrointestinal immune system as a potential driver. Gut tissue-resident memory T cells play critical roles in mediating protective immunity and in maintaining gut homeostasis, yet few studies have investigated the effect of aging on human gut T cell immunity. To determine if aging impacted CD4 T cell immunity in the human large intestine, we utilized multi-color flow cytometry to measure colonic lamina propria (LP) CD4 T cell frequencies and immune-modulatory marker expression in younger (mean ± SEM: 38 ± 1.5 yrs) and older (77 ± 1.6 yrs) adults. To determine cellular specificity, we evaluated colon LP CD8 T cell frequency and phenotype in the same donors. To probe tissue specificity, we evaluated the same panel of markers in peripheral blood (PB) CD4 T cells in a separate cohort of similarly aged persons. Results Frequencies of colonic CD4 T cells as a fraction of total LP mononuclear cells were higher in older persons whereas absolute numbers of colonic LP CD4 T cells per gram of tissue were similar in both age groups. LP CD4 T cells from older versus younger persons exhibited reduced CTLA-4, PD-1 and Ki67 expression. Levels of Bcl-2, CD57, CD25 and percentages of activated CD38+HLA-DR+ CD4 T cells were similar in both age groups. In memory PB CD4 T cells, older age was only associated with increased CD57 expression. Significant age effects for LP CD8 T cells were only observed for CTLA-4 expression, with lower levels of expression observed on cells from older adults. Conclusions Greater age was associated with reduced expression of the co-inhibitory receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1 on LP CD4 T cells. Colonic LP CD8 T cells from older persons also displayed reduced CTLA-4 expression. These age-associated profiles were not observed in older PB memory CD4 T cells. The decline in co-inhibitory receptor expression on colonic LP T cells may contribute to local and systemic inflammation via a reduced ability to limit ongoing T cell responses to enteric microbial challenge.

scholarly journals Femicide Fatal Risk Factors: A Last Decade Comparison between Italian Victims of Femicide by Age Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7953
Author(s):  
Anna Sorrentino ◽  
Chiara Guida ◽  
Vincenza Cinquegrana ◽  
Anna Costanza Baldry
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Female Victims

Femicide is a wide-spread lethal form of violence against women. Despite its diffusion, to date, very few studies analyzed possible victims’ age differences in regard to fatal risk factors for femicide. To this aim, we carried out archive research on Italian femicide cases in the last decade, by comparing prior types of violence suffered and motives for femicide, which are considered crucial fatal risk factors for femicide, across adolescent/young (15–24 years), adults (25–64 years) and older women (65–93 years). From 2010 to 2019 we found 1207 female victims. Characteristics of victims, perpetrators, and their relationship were consistent with those found by international studies and underlined that the majority of femicides were perpetrated by an intimate partner. The results regarding fatal risk factors comparisons across age groups showed the existence of significant differences regarding both types of violence suffered prior to femicide and motives for femicide. The results are discussed in terms of policy implication and intervention.

A Developmental Exploration of Friendship Functions in Women

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Gibbs Candy ◽  
Lillian E. Troll ◽  
Sheldon G. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Best Friends

Interpersonal attachments in adulthood were explored through the investigation of the friendship functions in 172 women from 14 through 80. A priori functions were rated by the respondents on a Likert-Scale for their five best friends. Factor analyses revealed three orthogonal factors which characterized friendship for all age groups, “intimacy-assistance,” “status,” and “power.” One way analyses of variance (function by age groups) found no significant age differences between age groups for the function of “intimacy-assistance.” Significant differences for the functions of “status” and “power” were, however, apparent. Women from adolescence through the fifties rated their friends as decreasingly less important for “status” purposes, while women sixty and over rated this function very highly. “Power” decreased with increasing age through the fifties. There was a slight nonsignificant increase in the 60+ age group. These findings are discussed in relation to cognitive changes and developmental issues within various life-stages.

Physical Performance Measures for Characterizing High Functioning Older Persons

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kinugasa ◽  
Hiroshi Nagasaki ◽  
Taketo Furuna ◽  
Hajime Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute

The goal of this study was to identify methods for characterizing high-functioning older adults living in the community. The subjects were 495 older adults from the Longitudinal Interdisciplinary Study on Aging conducted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology. Physical performance measures included grip strength, walking at preferred and maximum speeds, one-leg standing with eyes open, and finger tapping rate. Performance scores were created by summing each categorical score. Consistent differences were found among age groups and genders. Scores were lower in subjects who had stroke or diabetes than in those without these conditions. These results suggest that physical performance measures have both discriminant validity and construct validity, which make them useful methods for characterizing high-functioning older persons.

scholarly journals Effects of practice on visuo-spatial attention in a wayfinding task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Geisen ◽  
Kyungwan Kim ◽  
Stefanie Klatt ◽  
Otmar Bock
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Virtual City

AbstractSeveral studies have evaluated the distribution of visuo-spatial attention in a wayfinding task, using gaze direction as an indicator for the locus of attention. We extended that work by evaluating how visuo-spatial attention is modified by wayfinding practice. Young and older participants followed prescribed routes through a virtual city on six trials. Each trial was followed by a route recall test, where participants saw screenshots of intersections encountered, and had to indicate which way to proceed. Behavioral and gaze data were registered in those tests. Wayfinding accuracy increased from trial to trial, more so in young than in older persons. Total gaze time, mean fixation time, and the vertical scatter of fixations decreased from trial to trial, similarly in young and older persons. The horizontal scatter of fixations did not differ between trials and age groups. The incidence of fixations on the subsequently chosen side also did not differ between trials, but it increased in older age. We interpret these findings as evidence that as wayfinding practice increased, participants gradually narrowed their attentional focus to the most relevant screenshot area, processed information within this focus more efficiently, reduced the total time in which attention dwelled on the rejected side of the screenshot, but maintained the total time on the chosen side. These dynamic changes of visuo-spatial attention were comparable in young and older participants. However, it appears that decision-making differed between age groups: older persons’ attention dwelled longer on the chosen side before they made their choice.

FEATURES OF THE COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN PERSONS OF MIDDLE, ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE WITH PNEUMONIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
С. А. Рукавишникова ◽  
Т. А. Ахмедов ◽  
А.С. Пушкин ◽  
У.Р. Сагинбаев ◽  
Д.П. Пискунов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Hematological Indicators

Пневмония занимает лидирующие позиции по смертности среди всех инфекционных заболеваний. Установлено, что к достоверной группе риска по уровню заболеваемости и смертности от данной нозологической формы относятся лица старше 60 лет, причем с возрастом тяжесть протекания заболевания только возрастает. Согласно литературным данным, одной из причин снижения адаптационных возможностей лиц пожилого возраста является феномен «возрастного десинхроноза», проявляющийся значительными колебаниями параметров внутренней среды организма. Цель работы - сравнительный анализ коэффициентов внутри-и межиндивидуальной биологической вариации. Для этого проведено ретроспективное исследование клинического анализа крови у пациентов, страдающих пневмонией неуточненной этиологии, в разрезе трех возрастных групп - средней, пожилой и старческой. Обнаружены особенности биологической вариации в зависимости от возраста, выявленные отличия были обоснованы в соответствии с имеющимися теориями. Pneumonia is the leading mortality rate among all infectious diseases. It has been established that the reliable risk group for morbidity and mortality from this nosology includes persons over 60 years of age, and with age the severity of the disease only increases. According to literary data, one of the reasons for the decline in adaptation capabilities of older persons is the phenomenon of «age desinhronosis», which manifests itself in significant fluctuations in the parameters of the internal environment of the body. The purpose of this work was to compare the coefficients of intra- and interindividual biological variation. For this purpose, a retrospective study of clinical blood analysis in patients suffering from pneumonia of unspecified etiology was carried out in terms of three age groups: medium, elderly and senile. Features of biological variation depending on age have been found, the differences identified have been justified according to available theories.

Age Differences in Life Events: A Multivariate Controlled Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana C. Hughes ◽  
Dan G. Blazer ◽  
Linda K. George
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Loved One ◽  
The Past

Effects of age on the distribution of specific life events experienced during the past year by community-based adults were examined controlling for sex, race, education, marital status, and place of residence. The controlled analyses were done using logistic regression. Data were gathered via personal interview from 3,798 respondents ages eighteen years and over who participated in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA), community survey from North Carolina. Respondents were placed in one of four age groups. The percentage of respondents reporting each of the nineteen events examined ranged from 0.5 percent for death of spouse to 19.1 percent for death of loved one. Age was an important predictor in the controlled analysis for thirteen of the seventeen life events examined. A majority of differences occurred between the youngest and oldest age groups. Age differences were not found for illness of one week or more involving activity limitation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of eczema among older persons: A population-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vijayan Neena ◽  
Neelakandhan Asokan ◽  
Rajany Jose ◽  
A. Sarin
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Background: There are very few population-based studies on the prevalence of eczema among older persons Aims: To estimate the prevalence and types of eczema in those aged 65 years or more in the community and to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based interventions for case finding. Methods: In the first stage of this cross-sectional survey, trained health workers of a non-governmental organization surveyed the eligible population and identified persons likely to have eczema. In the second stage, dermatologists examined such persons to ascertain the diagnosis. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info software version 7. Prevalence of eczema was expressed in percentages. Chi-square test was used for comparing the difference in prevalence of eczema in various age groups and sex. Results: Health workers identified 98 persons as possible cases of eczema after interviewing 385 older persons in the community. Among them 95 persons were examined by dermatologists and 44 were confirmed to have eczema (diagnostic accuracy of health workers = 46.3%).Point prevalence of eczema was 11.4% (44/385). Prevalence was similar in males and females. It was greater (18.2 %) among persons aged 81 years or more. Asteatotic eczema, gravitational eczema and lichen simplex chronicus were the more common types of eczema. Limitations: Possible underestimation of the prevalence rates due to limited medical knowledge of health workers; limited facilities for examination and investigations at the medical camps and home visits. Conclusion: There appears to be a considerable burden of eczema among older persons in the community. A community-based approach involving non-governmental organizations has the potential to identify cases and offer care close to their homes.

scholarly journals Choice Shifts in School Disciplinary Decision Making: Analysis of Age Differences of Panel Members

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Peter J.O. Aloka
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Choice Shift ◽  
Consistency Method

Background: Decision making is critical to each organization and it requires the ability to find a possible balance between risky and cautious decisions. The Kenyan secondary schools are mandated by the Ministry of Education to manage students’ misbehaviors by the disciplinary panels. Aim: The present study investigated the choice shifts in disciplinary decision making in Kenyan secondary schools based on age groups of the panel members. Methods: The Quasi-Experimental Pretest-Posttest Design was adopted. The study targeted 360 teachers- members of disciplinary panels in 45 secondary schools in the Rongo sub-county of Kenya. A sample size of 78 members of disciplinary panels in 10 secondary schools was involved. This was 22% of the target population of members of disciplinary panels in the Rongo district. The choice shift in decisions was ascertained using the Modified Choice Dilemma Questionnaire. The validity of the tools was ensured by the expert judgment by two Kenyan psychologists, while the reliability was determined using the internal consistency method and an alpha of 0.695 was reported. Results: The results of the Multivariate Analysis Of Variance indicated that there were differences in choice shifts from the pre to post-disciplinary hearing decisions among the members of selected school disciplinary panels on the basis of their age groups (Wilk’s Lambda (λ) test: F (12, 188) = 7.40, P = 0.000, P < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the age of the members of disciplinary panels influenced the nature of choice shifts in decisions. It was recommended that principals should ensure that the membership of school disciplinary panels is broad-based.

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