scholarly journals The Relationships Between Leptin and Measures of Fitness and Fatness Are Dependent Upon Obesity Status in Youth

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Hosick ◽  
Robert G. McMurray ◽  
Dan M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weight Groups

The relationship between peak aerobic fitness (peakVO2) and plasma leptin was assessed in 25 normal (BMI < 85th %tile) and 25 overweight (BMI > 85th %tile) youth, ages 7–17 years. In the overall analysis peakVO2 was related to leptin when expressed in mL/kg/min (R2 = .516, p < .0001), or as ml/kgFFM/min (R2 = .127, p = .01). The relationships between peakVO2 and leptin were no longer significant when percent bodyfat was added to the models. In subanalyses by weight groups, peakVO2: leptin relationships were not evident for normal weight, but remained for overweight youth. In conclusion the relationship between aerobic fitness and leptin in youth is dependent upon weight status.

scholarly journals Menu Engineering and Dietary Behavior Impact on Young Adults’ Kilocalorie Choice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2329
Author(s):  
Christine Bergman ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Andrew Moreo ◽  
Carola Raab
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Menu Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overweight Subjects

The obesity pandemic is associated with increased consumption of restaurant food. Labeling of menus is an intervention used to provide consumers with kilocalorie (calorie) information in hopes of them making healthier food choices. This study evaluated the relationship between young adults’ calorie choices on restaurant menus and menu design, dietary behaviors, and demographic characteristics. A 3 (fast-casual restaurants) × 4 (menu-designs based on menu engineering theories) between-subjects (n = 480, 18–24-year olds) experimental design was used. The relationship between the participants’ calorie choices (high versus low) and menu design, stage of change, gender, race, educational level and weight status was evaluated using logistic regression. All independent variables had at least one category that had greater odds (CI 95% ± 5%) of subjects choosing a lower calorie entree, except education level and race/ethnic group. Normal weight and overweight subjects had greater odds of choosing lower calorie entrees than those that were obese. In addition, subjects that had started to control their calorie intake for less than six months or had sustained this change for at least six months, had greater odds of choosing lower calorie entrees compared to others. Including a green symbol and calories on fast casual restaurant menus may influence some young adults to choose lower calorie entrees.

scholarly journals Accelerometer-determined peak cadence and weight status in children from São Caetano do Sul, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 3689-3698
Author(s):  
Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari ◽  
Timóteo Araújo ◽  
Luis Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Victor Keihan Rodrigues Matsudo ◽  
Emily Mire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brazilian Children

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peak cadence indicators and body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%)-defined weight status in children. The sample comprised 485 Brazilian children. Minute-by-minute step data from accelerometry were rank ordered for each day to identify the peak 1-minute, 30-minute and 60-minute cadence values. Data were described by BMI–defined and bioelectrical impedance-determined BF% weight status. BMI-defined normal weight children had higher peak 1-minute (115.5 versus 110.6 and 106.6 steps/min), 30-minute (81.0 versus 77.5 and 74.0 steps/min) and 60-minute cadence (67.1 versus 63.4 and 60.7 steps/min) than overweight and obese children (p<.0001), respectively. Defined using %BF, normal weight children had higher peak 1-minute (114.5 versus 106.1 steps/min), 30-minute (80.4 versus 73.1 steps/min) and 60-minute cadence (66.5 versus 59.9 steps/min) than obese children (p<.0001). Similar relationships were observed in boys; however, only peak 1- minute cadence differed significantly across BMI and %BF-defined weight status categories in girls. Peak cadence indicators were negatively associated with BMI and BF% in these schoolchildren and significantly higher among normal weight compared to overweight or obese children.

scholarly journals Change in daily energy intake associated with pairwise compositional change in carbohydrate, fat and protein intake among US adults, 1999–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Nicholas A Burd
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Compositional Change ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the change in daily energy intake associated with pairwise compositional change in carbohydrate, fat and protein intake among US adults stratified by sex, race/ethnicity and weight status.DesignLinear mixture model was performed to estimate the relationship between daily energy intake and macronutrient composition, adjusted for age and alcohol consumption, and accounting for survey design.SettingStudy sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2010 waves.SubjectsA total of 27 589 US adults aged 20 years and older were included in the study. Dietary macronutrient intake was calculated from 24 h dietary recall and BMI from objectively measured weight/height.ResultsAcross all population subgroups, substituting protein or carbohydrate for fat and substituting protein for carbohydrate were associated with decreased daily energy intake, with the largest effect resulting from substituting protein for fat. A 1 % increase in the percentage of energy from protein substituted for a 1 % decrease in the percentage of energy from fat was associated with a decrease in daily energy intake of 268·2 (95 % CI 169·0, 367·4) kJ, 289·5 (95 % CI 215·9, 363·2) kJ and 293·7 (95 % CI 210·0, 377·4) kJ among normal-weight (18·5≤BMI, kg/m2<25·0), overweight (25·0≤BMI, kg/m2<30·0) and obese (BMI≥30·0 kg/m2) men, and 177·4 (95 % CI 130·5, 224·3) kJ, 188·7 (95 % CI 139·3, 238·1) kJ and 204·2 (95 % CI 158·2, 250·2) kJ among normal-weight, overweight and obese women, respectively. The relationship between macronutrient composition and daily energy intake varied substantially across sex, race/ethnicity and weight status.ConclusionsPolicies promoting higher daily protein intake at the expense of lower fat intake could be effective in reducing total energy intake among US adults.

Obesity, Physical Activity, Computer Use, and TV Viewing in Portuguese Adolescents

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Mota ◽  
José Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Paula Santos ◽  
Helena Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Tv Watching ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sedentary Activities ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

This study aimed to examine the relationship between obesity status (body mass index: BMI) and physical and sedentary activities in adolescents. The sample comprised 230 girls and 220 boys (14.6 years old, SD = 1.6). Physical Activity (PA) was assessed by a questionnaire. Sedentary behaviors, such as TV viewing, computer use, and commuting to and from school were analyzed. Participants were categorized as nonobese or overweight/obese according to age-adapted BMI. No significant differences were found in relation to PA characteristics or in TV watching on weekdays vs. weekends. Nonobese participants spent significantly less time using computers on weekends (p = .04) and weekdays (p = .025) than their overweight/obese counterparts. Logistic regression analysis showed that those who used computers on weekdays more than 4 hrs per day were likely (odds ratio: 5.79; p < .003) to be overweight or obese. This study identified a relationship between computer use, but not physical activity or TV viewing, and weight status among Portuguese adolescents.

scholarly journals Physical activity values in two-to-seven-year-old children measured by accelerometer over five consecutives 24-hour days

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gutiérrez-Hervás ◽  
Ernesto Cortés-Castell ◽  
Mercedes Juste-Ruíz ◽  
Antonio Palazón-Bru ◽  
Vicente Gil-Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction.  Interpretation of accelerometer-derived physical activity in preschool children is confounded by differences in cut-off points.Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze physical activity in 2-to-7-year-old children to establish reference values for daily activity.   Methods.  Observational study in children aged 2-7 years, without chronic diseases and whose parents provided informed consent. The main variable was physical activity, measured continuously over 120 hours (three workdays and two weekend days) by accelerometer. Secondary variables were weight status (BMI Z-score) and gender. The relationship between the main variable and secondary variables was determined through the t-test, ANOVA and the Pearson correlation coefficient.  A multivariate model was used to obtain the standard deviation of all possible combinations of values, constructing percentiles of normality(x±s and x±2·s).Results. 136 children (35% of municipality children), 54.4% girls. Their weight status distribution was: 25 underweight(18.4%), 35 normal weight(25.7%), 40 overweight(29.4%) and 36 obese(26.5%). The median age was 5.7 years and the mean physical activity was 591.9 counts/minute. The boys undertook more physical activity(p=0.031) and the underweight and normal-weight children undertook more physical activity than the overweight and obese children(p=0.032). There were no significant differences according to age.  The multivariate analysis showed significant differences(p<0.001) according to gender and weight status. In boys, physical activity decreased as weight status increased. In contrast, the girls in the extreme BMI groups obtained higher levels of physical activity.Conclusion.  The reference values obtained, categorized by gender and weight status, provide clinicians with standardized daily physical activity levels of preschool-age children.

scholarly journals E-SELECTIN AS A BIOMARKER IN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH Β-THALASSEMIA IN AL-NAJAF PROVENCE, IRAQ

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Intisar Razzaq Sharba ◽  
Arshad Noori Al-Dujaili
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
World Population ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Inflammation Cytokines

E-selectin, as identified (CD62E), is expressed on endothelial cells after stimulation with inflammation cytokines. β-Thalassemia diseases (βT) and early diagnosis are of utmost significance in the entire world population. This study was performed in the Thalassemia Center of the Al-Zahraa Educational Hospital in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq, on sixty-nine with β-thalassemia (54 βT major and 15 βT Intermedia) aged 8-40 years who transfused blood. Compared to 20 healthy volunteers as a control group. In both βT patients and healthy groups were assessed serum E-selectin levels. It was investigated the relationship with RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, PLT, BMI, splenic status, iron, and ferritin levels. The results revealed a significant (P<0.05) decreased values of HB, RBC, P.C.V, and BMI. In contrast, values of WBC, PLT, Iron, and Ferritin were significantly increased in βT patients as compared to the healthy control groups. A significant (P<0.05) increase in serum E- Selectin level in βT patients (20.55±0.47) ng/ml to compare with the healthy group (9.16±0.50) ng/ml. Furthermore, it was a significant decrease in groups of βT major (19.87±0.42) ng/ml more than in βT intermedia (23±1.42) ng/ml. E-Selectin revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in progress age and associated with splenectomies and underweight groups compared to splenectomies and the normal weight groups, respectively. Also, E-Selectin levels significantly positively correlated with WBC, PLT value, iron, and Ferritin levels. However, it was no significant with RBC, PCV, Hb. As a conclusion from this study, E- Selectin is an important biomarker in β-thalassemia patients can be identified as the complications associated with iron overload, inflammatory process, and endothelial dysfunction in βT disease.

scholarly journals The Federated Practice of Soccer Influences Hamstring Flexibility in Healthy Adolescents: Role of Age and Weight Status

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González ◽  
José V. Gutiérrez-Manzanedo ◽  
Guillermo De Castro-Maqueda ◽  
Victor Jose Fernández-Torres ◽  
Jorge R. Fernández-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Deep Flexion ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Effect Of Age

The aim of this study was to compare the hamstring flexibility between federated soccer and non-federated adolescents, and also to evaluate the effect of age and weight status on hamstring flexibility. The participants were 234 students (11–18 years old) divided into: (i) G1: non-federated (n = 127), and (ii) G2: federated in soccer (n = 107). The deep flexion of the trunk (DF) test and the sit and reach test (SRT) were performed. G2 showed higher values for the DF and SRT compared to G1 (p < 0.05). Both flexibility tests correlated positively (r = 0.4, p < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with the DF test (r = −0.3, p < 0.001), but not with the SRT. Divided by BMI, the underweight and normal weight groups had higher scores in the DF test compared with the overweight and obese groups (p < 0.001). BMI was negatively correlated with hamstring flexibility. Federated soccer students present higher scores of hamstring flexibility.

Associations Between Self-Rated Health With Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity Status Among Adolescent Girls

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Mota ◽  
Rute M. Santos ◽  
Pedro Silva ◽  
Luisa Aires ◽  
Clarice Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Run Test

Background:The main goal of this study was to analyze the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) with self-rated health (SRH) of adolescent girls.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 533 adolescents girls, aged from 10 to 18 years old. CRF was predicted by maximal multistage 20-m shuttle-run test according to procedures described from FITNESSGRAM. Girls’ obesity status was classified according to International Obesity Task Force and Self-rated health (SRH) was assessed by questionnaire.Results:The findings showed that among adolescent girls 23.2% had negative SRH. Girls who were classified as unfit were more likely to report negative SRH in both univariate logistic (OR: 3.05; CI: 1.91−4.87; P < .05) and multivariate (OR: 2.93; CI: 1.82−4.72; P < .05) regression analyses compared with their fit peers. Obese girls were more likely to report negative SRH (OR: 2.30; CI: 1.14−4.62; P < .05) compared with their normal-weight counterparts. However such association was lost in multivariate analyses suggesting an effect of CRF.Conclusions:Negative perception of health was associated with lower CRF and weight status although such association it is mediated by CRF condition.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Total Water Intake and Cognitive Control among Prepubertal Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Khan ◽  
L.B. Raine ◽  
E.S. Drollette ◽  
M.R. Scudder ◽  
N.J. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Water Intake

Background: Cognitive control (also known as executive function) encompasses mental processes that underlie goal-directed behavior, and it enables us to adjust our behavior according to changing environmental demands. Previous research among children has demonstrated that aerobic fitness and obesity have contrasting and selective effects on cognitive control. However, the relationship between water intake and childhood cognitive control remains inadequately studied. This study investigated the relationship between total water intake and cognitive control among prepubertal children (8-9-year olds). Methods: Children between 8 and 9 years of age (n = 63) performed a modified flanker task to assess cognitive control related to inhibition (ability to resist distractions and maintain focus). Diet was measured using 3-day food records. Total water was defined as water consumed from drinking water, beverages, and food. Results: A comparison of task performance across the median intake of total water revealed that children above the median exhibited shorter reaction times across multiple conditions of the flanker task, requiring variable amounts of cognitive control. Further, after adjustment of age, IQ, socioeconomic status, weight status, and aerobic fitness level, the proportion of intake comprised of water (%TW) was negatively correlated with reaction time interference, that is, the ability to maintain task performance when task conditions demanded greater inhibition. Conclusions: These results indicate an association between water intake and cognitive control using a task that modulates inhibition. Specifically, higher water intake correlated with greater ability to maintain task performance when inhibitory demands are increased. Future work is needed to determine the mechanism by which water influences cognitive control among children.

scholarly journals Relationship between BMI and blood pressure in girls and boys

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1085-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhal Gundogdu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hypertension In Children ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between BMI and blood pressure as this is of crucial interest in evaluating both public health and the clinical impact of the so-called obesity epidemic.MethodsData were gathered from 1899 children aged between 6 and 14 years, analysing and evaluating a possible relationship between BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressure values for both girls and boys. Each child was classified on the basis of age- and sex-specific BMI percentile as normal weight (<85th percentile), overweight (≥85th and <95th percentile) or obese (≥95th percentile).ResultsIn comparisons among age–sex–BMI percentile groups, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were higher in obese and overweight groups than in normal weight groups for both sexes. Although BMI among girls was higher than among boys in all three percentile groups, there were no significant differences between sexes with respect to blood pressure values.ConclusionThe present findings emphasize the importance of the prevention of obesity in order to prevent future related problems such as hypertension in children and adolescents.

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