Children’s Perceived Physical Competence at Different Categories of Physical Activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Mullan ◽  
John Albinson ◽  
David Markland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Physical Competence ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Athletic Competence ◽  
Competitive Activities

This study explored whether children differentiate between their physical capabilities at play activities, informal recreational activities, and formal competitive activities. Harter’s (11) six-item Athletic Competence subscale from the SelfPerception Profile for Children was administered to 578 children and adolescents (ages 7-15 years). The items were modified to refer to three different categories of physical activity instead of sport or outdoor games as used in the original subscale. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that children differentiated between the three categories of physical activity, and that the competitive sport category was their area of lowest perceived competence. Males had higher levels of perceived competence than females in each category.

scholarly journals Effects of cooperative games on enjoyment in physical education—How to increase positive experiences in students?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243608
Author(s):  
Eliane Stephanie Engels ◽  
Philipp Alexander Freund
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cooperative Games ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Physical Education Class ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Positive Experiences

Enjoyment is one of the most important factors for the maintenance of regular physical activity. The present study investigated if cooperative games in physical education classes (grades 6–9) can increase students’ enjoyment of physical activity. Data were collected in a quasi-experimental study employing a two-group design with repeated measures and randomization of classes to conditions. The total sample consisted of N = 285 students from regular schools in Germany aged 10 to 16 years (Mage = 12.67 years, SD = 1.10; 48.4% female). We found that cooperative games led to a higher perceived enjoyment in physical education classes (F(1) = 3.49, p = .063, ηp2 = .012), increased the feeling of how strong students felt related to each other (F(1) = 4.38, p = .037, ηp2 = .016), and facilitated feelings of perceived competence in physical education class (F(1) = 6.31, p = .013, ηp2 = .022). In addition, social relatedness and perceived competence partly mediated the effect of cooperative games on enjoyment. The findings indicate that systematically designed cooperative games can help foster enjoyment in physical education classes.

scholarly journals Performance of upper limb velocity at different maturation stages in young sports practitioners

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Leandro Medeiros Silva ◽  
Matheus Peixoto Dantas ◽  
Roberto Fernandes Da Costa ◽  
Rômulo Vasconcelos Teixeira ◽  
Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Delayed Group ◽  
Motor Condition

Introduction: Test batteries have become indispensable for the assessment of performance, maintenance of health, and motor condition, as this also represents a requirement for learning specific skills. Objective: Comparing the performance in different stages of the upper limb velocity test at different maturation stages in children and adolescents. Methods: 91 children and adolescents of both sexes, aged 8 to 14 years, participated in the study. Bone age, anthropometric, and upper limb velocity assessments were executed. A Mixed Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to verify the interaction effect [3 (conditions) x 3 (times)] on the upper limb velocity test phases at different maturation stages. Results: The accelerated stage showed the best performance in all stages of the upper limb velocity test, while for the total performance the delayed group had the lowest achievement. Conclusion: The data indicate that individuals who are in an accelerated maturation stage perform better in the upper limb velocity test than their peers in regular and delayed stages, although the test development curve is similar for all stages.Keywords: anthropometry, child, adolescent, exercise.

ORGANIZATION OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR YOUNG PERSONS IN SUMMER HOLIDAY TIME

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sergey Ivaschenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Recreational Programs

This article aims at finding ways to solve the problem of optimizing the organization of recreational activities used to preserve and promote health of children and adolescents in the period of their stay in youth camps. The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of efficiency of modern recreational programs used to preserve and promote health of children and adolescents undergoing rehabilitation in a summer youth camp. In the process of the present study research methods applied were analysis of scientific and methodological literature, documentary materials (in particular, data from medical records), sociological methods (questionnaire and sociometry), educational methods (teacher observation, educational experiment), psychological methods (tests-questionnaires to determine the type of character accentuation of subjects, anxiety level scale, the scale of indicators and forms of aggression, socialization questionnaires for pupils, as well as methods of mathematical statistics. This research provided materials showing significant positive impact of modern recreational programs on the state of physical and mental health of children and adolescents. In particular, facts were reported about the improvement of performance, discipline and success in learning, reduction of morbidity, and improvement of mood and well-being of the investigated young persons. Special attention was paid to the study of the state of students with different types of character accentuation. It was found that the application of the standard recreational programs in the summer camps helped to raise the level of physical activity for children and adolescents who participated in the experiment by 38.6 % compared to the level of their daily physical activity. The use of individual programs of recreational pursuits with the accentuation of the character of children and adolescents allowed increasing their physical activity by 42.4 %. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the application of modern recreational programs has a positive impact on the physical and psychological state of children and adolescents. The maximum effect for students with the accentuation of character is obtained through the application of individual health and recreational programs. The data obtained from the study can be used to study and develop recreational programs not only for children and teenagers, but also for other age groups. Keywords: organization of recreational activities, summer camp, the level of physical activity, young persons, psychosomatic condition of adolescents.

Children's Enjoyment, Perceived Competency, and Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity During High-Intensity Interval Training in Physical Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Burford ◽  
Kathryn Gillespie ◽  
John Bartholomew ◽  
Esbelle Jowers
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Background: Little is known about children’s experience with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) during elementary school. Perceptions of enjoyment, perceived competence, and motivation are likely to drive long-term adherence and are, therefore, critical to understanding how HIIT might be implemented in this setting. The purpose of this study was to describe children’s physical activity levels, enjoyment, and perceived competency of HIIT activities within a Self-Determination Theory (SDT) framework (autonomy) in elementary school physical education (PE) classes. Methods: Participants were 402 children from a single, diverse elementary school (49.4% female, 59.6% Non-Hispanic white). Student enjoyment and perceived competency were collected following teacher- (non-autonomous) and student- led (autonomous) conditions. A sub-set of 201 children wore accelerometers to measure percent of time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This mixed factorial design was assessed through a series of repeated measures ANOVAs. Results: While children reported generally positive enjoyment and perceived competence in both condition (rating over 4.0 on a 5-point scale), children significantly enjoyed (d = 0.44) and felt more competent (d = 0.12) during the autonomous HIIT condition compared to the nonautonomous HIIT condition. In contrast, the percent of time in MPVA (d=1.09) was significantly lower in the autonomous condition. Conclusions: These data illustrate a challenging trade-off with the design of HIIT trials. Increasing autonomy through the inclusion of student choice increased enjoyment and perceived competence of HIIT, which are likely to improve adherence, but lowered physical activity intensity, which is likely to reduce impact.

EDUCATING MEDICAL STUDENTS IN COUNSELLING OLDER ADULTS ABOUT EXERCISE: THE IMPACT OF A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY MODULE

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A.D. JADCZAK ◽  
K.L. TAM ◽  
R. VISVANATHAN
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Older People ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Exercise courses during medical school contribute to medical students’ confidence in promoting physical activity to their patients. However, there is still a lack of uniform physical activity education across medical school curricula to equip medical students with the necessary skills and knowledge to counsel their patients about exercise. Objective: To determine the effects of a 1.5-hour physical activity module including a one-hour exercise tutorial combined with a 30-minute practical counselling session on senior medical students’ perceptions of the importance of exercise and their perceived competence in advising older people about exercise. Design: Pre-post survey. Setting: University campus. Participants: 161 senior medical students taking part in the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Geriatric Medicine course in 2015 (control group) and 2016 (intervention group). Measurement: The modified Exercise and Physical Activity Competence Questionnaire (EPACQ) was administered before and after a 4.5-week Geriatric Medicine Course. Scores ranged from 1 (not important or competent) to 6 (very important or competent). The independent T-Test and repeated-measures ANOVA was used to determine differences between intervention and control group. Results: Medical students perceived exercise-related skills to be highly important (score ≥4) in both the intervention (4.85 ± 0.37) and control group (4.78 ± 0.67), pre-course. The overall perceived importance could not be significantly increased by the physical activity module (P=0.082). The physical activity module, however, improved medical students’ perceived competence in six out of ten exercise-related skills, and increased their overall perceived competence in counselling older people about exercise (P<0.001). Conclusion: A 1.5-hour physical activity module improves senior medical students’ perceived competence in counselling older people about exercise. This research proves that little teaching space is needed to impact positively on medical students’ exercise counselling abilities.

Chapter 7 Effects of a Classroom-Based Physical Activity Program on Children’s Physical Activity Levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Leng Goh ◽  
James Hannon ◽  
Collin Andrew Webster ◽  
Leslie William Podlog ◽  
Timothy Brusseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
School Day ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
American Children ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

High levels of physical inactivity are evident among many American children. To address this problem, providing physical activity (PA) during the school day within the CSPAP framework, is one strategy to increase children’s PA. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a classroom-based PA program on children’s PA. Two hundred and ten students from one school participated in TAKE 10! for 12 weeks. All students wore pedometers and a sample of 64 students wore accelerometers for 4 days during week 1 (baseline), week 8 (midintervention), and week 12 (end-intervention). Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. The results showed that students’ daily in-school step counts increased by 672 steps from baseline to midintervention (P < .001). Students’ moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) increased by approximately 2 minutes from baseline to end-intervention (P < .01). In conclusion, participating in TAKE 10! helps children strive toward the goal of recommended daily MVPA.

Prediction of Selected Fitness Indicators by Gender, Age, Alienation, and Perceived Competence

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Burkhalter ◽  
Janice C. Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Physical Competence ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Fitness Indicators ◽  
8Th Grade

Alienation from physical education causes students to withdraw emotionally and physically from participation in classes. In addition, belief in one’s competence in physical activity and physical fitness appears to influence both participation in physical activity and fitness levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between physical factors (fitness performance and strength measures), psychological factors (alienation from physical education and two types of perceived physical competence), gender, and age in middle school children. Participants in this study were 242 children (138 girls, 104 boys) enrolled in 6th-, 7th-, and 8th-grade physical education classes. Data were collected on alienation from physical education; perceived competence toward physical fitness and toward physical activity; and grip strength, standing long jump, mile run, percent body fat, and body mass index. Using factor scores, a two-step regression procedure revealed that (a) gender and perceived fitness competence were significant predictors (p < .05) of fitness, explaining 41% of the variance, and (b) age, alienation, and perceived physical activity competence were significant predictors of strength, explaining 25% of the variance. Independent of gender and age, the psychological variables of perceived physical competence toward fitness and alienation are related to physical performance. Highly alienated youth were less fit, and children with lower perceptions of physical competence were less fit.

Children’s and Adolescents’ Physical Self-Perceptions as Related to Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Physical Fitness

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Raudsepp ◽  
Raino Liblik ◽  
Aave Hannus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Athletic Competence ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
General Physical

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical self-perceptions, moderate to vigorous physical activity and physical fitness in Estonian school children and adolescents aged 11–14 years. The sample consisted of 134 boys and 119 girls. Self-perception of body appearance, physical conditioning, sport/athletic competence, strength and general physical self-worth were measured by the Children’s Physical Self-Perception Profile (C-PSPP). Moderate to vigorous physical activity was assessed using 7-day physical activity recall and physical fitness using 20 meter endurance shuttle run. All C-PSPP scales were significantly moderately related with physical activity and fitness in both boys and girls. Boys’ perceptions of strenght competence, physical condition and general self-worth were higher and they participated more in moderate to vigorous activities compared to girls. Multiple regression analysis results indicated the best predictors of moderate to vigorous physical activity and physical fitness were perceived sport/athletic competence, physical self-worth, and perceived strength competence Our results demonstrate that physical self-perceptions are significant correlates of physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents.

Do Perceptions of Competence Mediate The Relationship Between Fundamental Motor Skill Proficiency and Physical Activity Levels of Children in Kindergarten?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 954-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff R. Crane ◽  
Patti J. Naylor ◽  
Ryan Cook ◽  
Viviene A. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Competence ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Perception System ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Perceptions of competence mediate the relationship between motor skill proficiency and physical activity among older children and adolescents. This study examined kindergarten children’s perceptions of physical competence as a mediator of the relationship between motor skill proficiency as a predictor variable and physical activity levels as the outcome variable; and also with physical activity as a predictor and motor skill proficiency as the outcome.Methods:Participants were 116 children (mean age = 5 years 7 months, 58% boys) from 10 schools. Motor skills were measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and physical activity was monitored through accelerometry. Perceptions of physical competence were measured using The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children, and the relationships between these variables were examined using a model of mediation.Results:The direct path between object control skills and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significant and object control skills predicted perceived physical competence. However, perceived competence did not mediate the relationship between object control skills and MVPA.Conclusions:The significant relationship between motor proficiency and perceptions of competence did not in turn influence kindergarten children’s participation in physical activity. These findings support concepts of developmental differences in the structure of the self-perception system.

One Size Fits All?

Methodology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel C. Voelkle ◽  
Patrick E. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Latent Curve

The use of latent curve models (LCMs) has increased almost exponentially during the last decade. Oftentimes, researchers regard LCM as a “new” method to analyze change with little attention paid to the fact that the technique was originally introduced as an “alternative to standard repeated measures ANOVA and first-order auto-regressive methods” (Meredith & Tisak, 1990, p. 107). In the first part of the paper, this close relationship is reviewed, and it is demonstrated how “traditional” methods, such as the repeated measures ANOVA, and MANOVA, can be formulated as LCMs. Given that latent curve modeling is essentially a large-sample technique, compared to “traditional” finite-sample approaches, the second part of the paper addresses the question to what degree the more flexible LCMs can actually replace some of the older tests by means of a Monte-Carlo simulation. In addition, a structural equation modeling alternative to Mauchly’s (1940) test of sphericity is explored. Although “traditional” methods may be expressed as special cases of more general LCMs, we found the equivalence holds only asymptotically. For practical purposes, however, no approach always outperformed the other alternatives in terms of power and type I error, so the best method to be used depends on the situation. We provide detailed recommendations of when to use which method.

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