scholarly journals Impact of Outpatient Antibiotic Use on Carriage of Ampicillin-ResistantEscherichia coli

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1135-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Samore ◽  
Claude Tonnerre ◽  
Elizabeth Lyon Hannah ◽  
Gregory J. Stoddard ◽  
Robert J. Borotkanics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Class ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Household Level ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTStudies about the relationship between antibiotic consumption and carriage of antibiotic-resistantEscherichia coliin individual patients have yielded conflicting results. The goal of this study was to identify individual- and household-level factors associated with carriage of ampicillin (AMP)-resistantE. coliduring consumption of a course of oral antibiotics. We enrolled outpatients and their families in a prospective household study of AMP-resistant or AMP-susceptibleE. colicarriage. Two kinds of index patients were identified. Group 1 consisted of outpatients who were being initiated on a new antibiotic course at the time of a clinic visit, and group 2 consisted of outpatients not starting antibiotics. Each participant was asked to submit three stool swab samples (at baseline, week 1, and week 4) and to complete a questionnaire. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on each phenotypically distinctE. colicolony. The study included 149 group 1 households (total, 570 participants) and 38 group 2 households (total, 131 participants). AMP-resistantE. coliwas recovered from 29% of stool samples. Observed associations with antibiotic exposure varied by drug class. Penicillins, which were the most frequently prescribed drug class, were associated with a modest increase in AMP-resistantE. colicarriage and a modest decrease in AMP-susceptibleE. colicarriage. Neither change by itself was statistically significant. Macrolides were associated with reduced carriage of both AMP-resistantE. coliand AMP-susceptibleE. coli(P< 0.05). Both AMP-resistant and AMP-susceptibleE. colidemonstrated household clustering (P< 0.001). In summary, the overall effect of antibiotics on individual risk of carriage of AMP-resistantE. coliwas small. However, even a modest alteration of the competitive balance between AMP-resistant and AMP-susceptibleE. colimay promote population spread of resistantE. coli. Examining changes in both resistant and susceptible organisms in antibiotic-treated individuals and their close contacts improves understanding of antibiotic selection pressure.

A cross-sectional research conducted in Malatya province, Turkey: Knowledge levels and awareness about rational antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance before and after graduation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADEM KOSE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Senior Students ◽  
Rational Antibiotic Use ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Irrational antibiotic use can adversely affect treatment outcomes or even lead to increased antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to determine antimicrobial prescribing habits and to evaluate the level of theoretical knowledge of rational antibiotic use and awareness about antimicrobial resistance among the senior students of medical faculty and the family physicians in Malatya province in Turkey. Methods This study was cross-sectional research and was carried out between dates of 01 February-30 April 2019, in Malatya province. Power analysis was calculated as minimum 240 participants when considering a proportion difference of 0.18 between the groups, a type I error of 0.05 and a type II error of 0.20. A total 225 senior students in Inonu University Medical Faculty (Group 1) and 230 actively-working family physicians in Malatya primary healthcare services who were found eligible (Group 2) were included in to this study. A questionnaire form was prepared including seven sections and thirty questions. All of the participants were interviewed face to face. Before the questions, the purpose of the study and the contents of the questions were explained to participants. Qualitative data were analyzed by Pearson chi-square test. A p<0.05 value was considered to be statistically significant. Results The group 1 had a tendency to apply to specialist physician when starting to themselves antibiotic treatment, they were more cautious when making antibiotic decision, and their theoretical knowledge level was better. They argued that penal sanctions could be more effective by developing strict use policies to raise awareness of resistance to antibiotics. The group 2 had higher self-confidence and it was also concluded that forgot their theoretical antibiotic knowledge over time and could not follow the novel information because of the intensity of working life. Both groups stated that post-graduation trainings could be used effectively for reducing the antibiotic resistance. Conclusion This study highlighted the need for immediate action of training and corrective actions and might create awareness to determine the difference in theoretical knowledge levels and behavior models of physicians before and after graduation and to reduce higher use rates to lower levels. Key words: Antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic, awareness, rational use

Association of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coliHemolysin with Serotypes of Shiga-Like-Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coli of Human and Bovine Origins

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 4134-4141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlton Gyles ◽  
Roger Johnson ◽  
Anli Gao ◽  
Kim Ziebell ◽  
Denis Pierard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hemolysin Gene ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Bovine Feces ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT In this study we investigated whether the enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli (EHEC) hemolysin gene ehxAcould be used as an indicator of pathogenicity in Shiga-like-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (SLTEC) isolates. The isolates in a collection of 770 SLTEC strains of human and bovine origins were assigned to group 1 (230 human and 138 bovine SLTEC isolates belonging to serotypes frequently implicated in human disease), group 2 (85 human and 183 bovine isolates belonging to serotypes less frequently implicated in disease), and group 3 (134 bovine isolates belonging to serotypes not implicated in disease). PCR amplification was used to examine all of the SLTEC isolates for the presence of ehxA and the virulence-associated geneseae, slt-I, and slt-II. The percentages of human isolates in groups 1 and 2 that were positive forehxA were 89 and 46%, respectively, and the percentages of bovine isolates in groups 1 to 3 that were positive forehxA were 89, 51, and 52%, respectively. The percentages of human isolates in groups 1 and 2 that were positive foreae were 92 and 27%, respectively, and the percentages of bovine isolates in groups 1 to 3 that were positive for eaewere 78, 15, and 19%, respectively. The frequencies of bothehxA and eae were significantly higher for group 1 isolates than for group 2 isolates. The presence of the ehxA gene was associated with serotype, as was the presence of the eae gene. Some serotypes, such as O117:H4, lacked both eae and ehxA and have been associated with severe disease, but only infrequently. Theslt-I genes were more frequent in group 1 isolates than in group 2 isolates, and the slt-II genes were more frequent in group 2 isolates than in group 1 isolates. In a second experiment we determined the occurrence of the ehxA andslt genes in E. coli isolated from bovine feces. Fecal samples from 175 animals were streaked onto washed sheep erythrocyte agar plates. Eight E. coli-like colonies representing all of the morphological types were transferred to MacConkey agar. A total of 1,080 E. coli isolates were examined, and the ehxA gene was detected in 12 independent strains, only 3 of which were positive for slt. We concluded that the ehxA gene was less correlated with virulence than the eae gene was and that EHEC hemolysin alone has limited value for screening bovine feces for pathogenic SLTEC because of presence of the ehxA gene in bovine isolates that are not SLTEC.

The Majority of Myeloma Patients Are Hypogonadal but This Is Not Associated with High Risk Cytogenetics

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5329-5329
Author(s):  
Beau Snoad ◽  
Samantha Hudzik ◽  
Douglas W Sborov ◽  
Nita Williams ◽  
Desiree Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Introduction: Hypogonadism, i.e. low total testosterone, is present in approximately a quarter of men older than 70 years (Harman SM et al, J. Clin Endo & Met, 2001, PMID 11158037 and Wu FCW et al, J Clin Endo & M et, 2008, PMID 18270261). Myeloma patients are known to suffer from fatigue and decreased functional performance, mood disturbances, and anemia; similar trends have been found in people with hypogonadism. Cytogenetically high risk myeloma characterized by the amplification of 1q21 is associated with increased serum levels of soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6r) (Stephens OW, Blood, 2012, PMID 22072558). We hypothesized that total testosterone levels will be associated with overall survival from the time of diagnosis, presence of 1q21 amplification by CD138-selected FISH, anemia, and anti-depressant use. Methods: The Buckeye Myeloma Registry (OSU 10115) opened in 2011 to enroll any patient with a plasma cell dyscrasia. Serum total testosterone was measured at the time of the initial clinic visit to the myeloma group at Ohio State. Less than 325 ng/dL was defined as the hypogonadal range, and testosterone was divided into <100 (group 1), 100-240 (group 2), 240-325 (group 3), and greater than 325 ng/dL (group 4), although normal testosterone decreases with age. Female patient testosterone levels were also analyzed and divided into <10 (group 1), 10-60 ng/dL (group 2), and >60 ng/dL (group 3). A retrospective chart review was initiated to review all myeloma patients with a serum testosterone drawn at the time of their initial clinic visit to OSU. Results: Among 418 male MM patients, median age was 65 y.o. (range 24-95), 86% were Caucasian and 14% African-American, and the distribution of ISS stage was 32% stage 1, 22% stage 2, and 19% stage 3 with 28% missing staging data. Cytogenetic data was missing from 28% of patients. Out of 418 male MM patients, 29 (7%) had serum testosterone <100, 202 (48%) with testosterone 100-240, 79 (19%) with testosterone 241-325, and 108 (26%) > 325 ng/dL. Out of 172 female MM patients, 44 (26%) had an undetectable serum testosterone, 120 (70%) with testosterone 10-60, and 8 (5%) with testosterone > 60. Among male MM patients, log-rank [Mantel-Cox] analysis of overall survival with serum testosterone including all 4 groups demonstrated no significant differences (p=0.917) with only 80 events. Among 275 male MM patients with cytogenetic information available, there was no correlation between presence of 1q21 trisomies or tetrasomies and overall survival (r=0.0714, p=0.238). There was a strong and expected correlation between testosterone and BMI (r=0.14, p=0.00468). Among 161 total female MM patients, log-rank analysis with serum testosterone including all 3 groups also demonstrated no differences (p=0.416) with only 29 events in total. Among 101 females with cytogenetic information, there was also no correlation with 1q21 amplification (r=0.0895, p=0.373). Conclusion: The majority of male MM patients (74%) have secondary hypogonadism and approximately half have total testosterone levels <240 ng/dL. Cox proportional hazards analyses of survival adjusted for significant univariate covariates will be presented at the meeting. Correlations with anemia and medication use (specifically opiates and anti-depressants) will also be presented at the meeting. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Correlation between antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance as quality indicator of proper use of these drugs in inpatients

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Velickovic-Radovanovic ◽  
Jasmina Petrovic ◽  
Branislava Kocic ◽  
Snezana Antic ◽  
Gordana Randjelovic
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Investigation Period

Background/Aim. Antibiotics are the most frequently used medications in Serbian hospitalized patients. Information about antibiotic utilization and sensitivity among inpatients in Serbia is scanty, and there are no available publications on the topic. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between antibiotic use and bacterial resistance in the Clinical Center Nis, one of the biggest hospitals in Serbia. Methods. The data on antibiotics use in inpatients were obtained from the database of the Department of Pharmacotherapy and expressed as defined daily doses per 100 bed-days (DBD), during 2003-2007. Bacterial resistances were given as percentages of resistant isolates. Results. During the investigation period, the overall consumption of antibiotics had a significant decrease in 2007, by 22.99% (62.23 : 47.92 DBD; p < 0.05). The most frequently used antibiotics were cephalosporins, followed by penicillin's, aminoglycosides and quinolones. Hospital aminoglycosides consumption was reduced in 2007 to 59.9% (13.4 : 5.53 DBD) while the resistance to amikacin was reduced from 40.88% to 32.1%. However, utilization of ciprofloxacin had a significant increase in 2007 (120.7%). There was an alarming increase in the level of resistance to ciprofloxacin in our hospital (from 13.5% to 28.3 % in Escherichia coli and from 11.1 to 30.09% in Proteus mirabilis). Reduction of E coli resistant to amoxicillin+clavulanic acid correlated significantly with their utilization, while the resistance for all isolates decreased from 52.16% to 24.40%. Conclusions. These results confirm an association between the use of antibiotics and the prevalence of resistance. This methodology could provide good quality indicators of rational drug use and serve for local monitoring of antibiotics use and resistance, as well as for external comparison.

scholarly journals Analysis of the bactericidal effect of ozone pneumoperitoneum

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Altenfelder Silva ◽  
José Eduardo Rosseto Garotti ◽  
Renata Santos Bittencourt Silva ◽  
Alessandra Navarini ◽  
Adhemar Monteiro Pacheco Jr
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Bactericidal Action ◽  
Co2 Pneumoperitoneum ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To assess the bactericidal action of ozone pneumoperitonium, and to compare the results with CO2. METHODS: It was used 36 Wistar rats. The animals, under anesthesia, were inoculated with 2ml of E. coli ATCC at a concentration of 10(10)UFC, and 1ml of BaSO4, into the peritoneal cavity. They were divided into three groups: Group 1, CO2 pneumoperitoneum was performed for 15 minutes; Group 2, ozone pneumoperitoneum was performed for 5 minutes at a concentration of 42µg/ml, and Group 3, ozone pneumoperitoneum was performed for 5 minutes at a concentration of 62µg/ml. Six animals from each group were sacrificed after the experiment, and the remaining 6 observed for 24 hours. Material was collected from the cavity of all animals for microbiological study. RESULTS: Ozone presented a greater bactericidal effect than CO2 in those animals sacrificed immediately after pneumoperitoneum. In the animals studied 24 hours after pneumoperitoneum evidenced no difference in bactericidal effect between the two gases. Moreover, no difference in mortality was observed. CONCLUSION: Ozone has a more potent bactericidal effect than carbon dioxide gas, although this did not influence survival of the animals.

Paroxysmal attacks in multiple sclerosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 402-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Tüzün ◽  
G Akman-Demir ◽  
M Eraksoy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Neurologic Disability ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Paroxysmal attacks are short, frequent and stereotyped symptoms that can be observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We evaluated retrospectively the clinical and neuroradiological findings of patients, who developed any paroxysmal attacks during the course of their disease. EDSS scores, MS clinical types and disease durations of 59 patients with paroxysmal attacks (Group 1) were compared to 586 consecutive patients without paroxysmal attacks recorded in our MS database (Group 2). Anatomical and clinical correlation was attempted in 31 of the patients who had MRI examinations performed within 6 months of the paroxysmal attacks. EDSS scores of patients in Group 1 at the time of the paroxysmal attacks were significantly lower than the scores at their last clinic visit, whereas there were no significant differences for other parameters. Our results demonstrate that paroxysmal attacks occur early in the course of the disease, when there is little or no neurologic disability and associated tissue damage.

Escherichia coli 0157:H7-induced Hemolytic-uremic Syndrome: Histopathologic Changes in the Colon over Time

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen F. Murray ◽  
Kathleen Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Western United States ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Histopathologic Changes ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Microscopic Findings ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Group 1

The 1993 E. coli 0157:H7 epidemic in the Western United States has provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the histopathologic temporal progression of disease in the colon in children who developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). In this report we briefly summarize the clinical courses of eight patients and then discuss the colonic pathology observed in specimens obtained at surgery or at the time of autopsy. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of six subjects whose colonic samples were obtained during the acute phase of disease, and group 2 consisted of two subjects whose samples were obtained late in their disease. Both the gross and microscopic findings showed that the most severely affected as well as the earliest affected regions of the colon were the left and transverse portions. Only later in the disease progression was there right-sided colon involvement. These findings are in contrast to the distribution described in E. coli 0157:H7 hemorrhagic colitis without HUS, thus suggesting a different mechanism of injury.

scholarly journals Otsenka riska padeniy zhenshchin s postmenopauzal'nymosteoporozom, poluchayushchikh al'fakal'tsidol

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
M. V. Strunina ◽  
M. V. Telyushchenko ◽  
A. A. Popov ◽  
N. V. Izmozherova
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Antiresorptive Agents ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The study objective: to assess the influence of alfacalcidol treatment on risk of falling in real clinical practice. Methods. Prospective cohort study included 46 postmenopausal women aged from 52 to 78, who had high risk of falling, low bone mineral density, glomerular filtration rate from 65 to 30 ml/min, signed informed consent and were naïve to calcium, vitamin D and antiresorptive agents. All patients have participated in Osteoporosis Patients School Classes, received prescriptions for daily 1 mcg alfacalcidol and approved recommendations on lifestyle modifications including diet, exercises and movement patterns. Individual risk of falling was assessed with the help of Guralnik Short Physical Performance Battery Score. Results. There were no new cases of falling and fractures in the cohort during 12 months. During the study period 28 women showed compliance to alfacalcidol 80% or more (group 1), in 15 patients compliance was less than 80% (group 2) and 3 women decided to quit the study. Only group 1 demonstrated significant physical function changes for the better while there were no significant changes in group 2. Conclusion. In a group of postmenopausal women with high risk of falling and fractures, significant positive changes in lower extremity performance and balance tests were registered only in women with 80% or higher compliance to alfacalcidol consumption.

scholarly journals The role of an herbal agent in treatment for Escherichia coli induced bacterial cyctitis in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Murat Tuken ◽  
Mustafa Zafer Temiz ◽  
Emrah Yuruk ◽  
Asuman Orcun Kaptanagasi ◽  
Kayhan Basak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the herbal agent in the prevention and treatment of bacterial cystitis in a rat model. Material and Methods: A total of twenty-eight male Sprague- Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group-1 constituted the control group (operated and normal saline injected into the bladder, received only drinking water for 7 days); Group-2 constituted the no-treatment group (operated, E.coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received only drinking water for 7 days); Group-3 constituted the short-term treatment (operated, E.coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received the herbal agent added into drinking water for 7 days) and Group-4 constituted the long-term treatment (operated, E. coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received herbal agent added into drinking water for 14 days). At the end of the pre-defined treatment periods of duration, the rats were sacrificed, urine samples collected from the bladder for culture and bladders were harvested for histopathological evaluation. Urine culture results and histopathological findings were comparatively evaluated between the groups. Results: Urine cultures were positive for implanted E. coli strains in 0%, 85.7%, 42.8% and 0% of rats in Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4, respectively (p = 0.001). Although histopathological evaluation revealed increased vascular dilation in the bladder specimens obtained from Group 2 and Group 3 (p = 0.028) no significant difference was noticed in level of inflammation (p = 0.610), edema (p = 0.754) and thickness of uroepithelium (p = 0.138). Conclusion: While long term (14 days) treatment with an herbal agent added into the drinking water resulted in complete clearance of urine from E. coli; shorter application of the agent revealed partial clearance. Further clinical studies are needed to support our results.

scholarly journals A TEN-YEAR ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE SENSITIVITY OF THE LEADING UROPATHOGEN TO ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS IN CHILDREN WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN THE NEPHROLOGY DEPARTMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1360-1364
Author(s):  
Tetiana V. Budnik ◽  
Tetiana B. Bevzenko
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sensitivity Level ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim: To study the prevalence of ABR among children with UTI over the past 10 years, with an assessment of the sensitivity of E. Coli to common antibiotics in dynamics. Materials and methods: The study involved 1,044 children with UTI aged from 1 month to 18 years. Examination of patients and interpretation of the results was performed in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki of Human Rights. According to the design, the study included 3 comparison groups: Group 1 — children of the 2009 follow-up year (n = 337), Group 2 — of 2014 (n = 328) and Group 3 — of 2019 (n = 379). Results: Escherichia coli is recognized as the leading uropathogen in all study groups: its percentage in Group 1 was 47 % (158/337), in Group 2 — 64 % (210/328) and in Group 3 — 66.5 % (252/379). The prevalence of antibacterial resistance of E. coli strains and the high dynamics of its growth are shown. So the level of resistance of E. Coli in 2019 was 70 ± 4.06 % (176/252). This was 11 % more compared to 2014 and 18.8 % more compared to 2009. The percentage of multiresistant strains tended to increase and amounted to 28 ± 9.97 % (70/252) among patients with UTI and 40 ± 9.12 % (70/176) in the structure of resistance in 2019. The relative risk of ABR increased by 1.6 times in 2019 compared to 2014 (RR2019 = 2.208 ± 0.207 [1.473;3.310], р < 0.05 vs RR2014 = 1.375 ± 0.209 [0.913;2.063]) and by 3 times compared to 2009 (RR2009 = 0.727 ± 0.209 [0.483;1.095]). Ampicillin and amoxicillin showed an equally low sensitivity level (3.5 ± 32.14 % (9/252)). Only every second child confirmed sensitivity to cefuroxime (53.6 ± 5.76 (135/252)). Ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin showed a relatively high sensitivity level — 77.4 ± 3.34 (195/252) and 83 ± 2.81 (209/252), and at the same time the rapidly growing resistance rates — almost twice as high over the past 5 years. Furazidin K showed a high sensitivity level of 85.7 ± 2.53% (216/252), the lowest level of overall resistance of 14.3 ± 15.15 % (36/252) and a slow rate of its formation. An unfavourable prognosis of an increase in the relative risk of ABR by 2.9-3.7 times in the next 5–10 years was determined among patients with UTI, provided that the existing diagnostic and treatment approaches are maintained. Conclusions: The study results are important for understanding the clinical decision on the benefits of antibacterial therapy and optimizing its empirical choice for a patient with UTI.

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