scholarly journals Susceptibilities of Corynebacterium bovis and Corynebacterium amylocolatum Isolates from Bovine Mammary Glands to 15 Antimicrobial Agents

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3476-3477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Watts ◽  
Silvia Rossbach
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Coryneform Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Data

ABSTRACT Coryneform bacteria are frequently isolated from bovine mastitis and are associated with economic losses. Generally, the MICs of the 15 antimicrobial agents tested at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited for 46 Corynebacterium bovis and 13Corynebacterium amylocolatum strains were low. These are the first quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility data available for coryneforms from bovine mastitis. Data from this study suggest that comparable corynebacteria from humans have a much higher level of antimicrobial resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from Broilers and Broiler House Environments in Norway

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NORSTRÖM ◽  
G. JOHNSEN ◽  
M. HOFSHAGEN ◽  
H. THARALDSEN ◽  
H. KRUSE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Broiler House

Antimicrobial susceptibility in Campylobacter jejuni collected from the environment outside four broiler houses (n = 63) and from the environment inside these broiler houses (including broiler droppings) (n = 36) from May to September 2004 was studied and compared with isolates from Norwegian broilers analyzed within the frame of the Norwegian monitoring program of antimicrobial resistance in feed, food, and animals (NORM-VET) in 2004 (n = 75). The MICs of oxytetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and nalidixic acid were obtained by the broth microdilution method VetMIC. The present study, which to our knowledge is the first Norwegian study on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from the environment of broiler houses, revealed a very low occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni from the broilers and broiler house environments studied. All isolates originating from the four broiler houses studied were susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested, except for one isolate from the outdoor environment (courtyard soil), which was resistant to oxytetracycline (MIC, 8 mg/liter). For the isolates from broilers (NORM-VET), low prevalences of resistance to oxytetracycline (1.3%) and ampicillin (4%) were observed. No quinolone resistance was observed. The results for the broiler isolates are in agreement with the earlier findings of a very low prevalence of resistance in Campylobacter from broilers in Norway, which reflects the low usage of antimicrobials in Norwegian broiler production. Furthermore, the present data are in accordance with antimicrobial susceptibility data for C. jejuni from domestically acquired human cases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli Isolated from Mastitic Dairy Cattle in Ukraine

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Leta Elias ◽  
Ajay S. Balasubramanyam ◽  
Olena Y. Ayshpur ◽  
Iryna U. Mushtuk ◽  
Nataliya O. Sheremet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Bovine mastitis is the predominant cause for antimicrobial use on dairy farms and is a major source of economic losses in the dairy industry. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of common mastitis-causing pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus (n = 62), Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 46), and Escherichia coli (n = 129), were determined for dairy cattle with mastitis across 142 Ukrainian farms. The results showed that there were more gentamicin resistant S. aureus isolates (16.95%) identified in this study than previously reported for Ukrainian dairy cattle. Moreover, low levels of amoxicillin susceptibly (13.51%) were observed for St. agalactiae, which contrasted a previous study showing susceptibility levels of >50%. St. agalactiae resistance to tetracycline was observed in 80% of the isolates. Cephalosporin use was most ineffective against E. coli, with 43.27–56% of the isolates exhibiting this resistant trait. Overall, this study performed a preliminary analysis of antimicrobial resistance on mastitis isolates from Ukrainian farms. However, given the limited numbers of the isolates tested in this study and that the publications on antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry of Ukraine are very few, more extensive investigations are needed to comprehensively examine susceptibility patterns of mastitis-causing pathogens in dairy cattle in Ukraine.

The Path of More Resistance: A Comparison of NHSN and CLSI Criteria in Developing Cumulative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Reports and Institutional Antibiograms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Winnett ◽  
Vinay Srinivasan ◽  
Matthew Davis ◽  
Tara Vijayan ◽  
Daniel Z. Uslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
National Healthcare Safety Network

Background In the absence of antimicrobial susceptibility data, the institutional antibiogram is a valuable tool to guide clinicians in the empiric treatment of infections. However, there is a misunderstanding on how best to prepare cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility testing reports (CASTRs) to guide empiric therapy (e.g., routine antibiogram) versus monitoring antimicrobial resistance, with the former following guidance from the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), and the latter from Center for Disease Control and Preventions National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). These criteria vary markedly in their exclusion or inclusion of isolates cultured repeatedly from the same patient. Methods We compared rates of non-susceptibility (NS)using annual data from a large teaching healthcare system subset to isolates eligible by either NHSN criteria or CLSI criteria. Results For a panel of the three most prevalent gram-negative pathogens in combination with clinically relevant antimicrobial agents (or priority pathogen-agent combinations, PPACs), we found that the inclusion of duplicate isolates by NHSN criteria yielded higher NS rates than when CLSI criteria (for which duplicate isolates are not included) were applied. Conclusions Patients with duplicate isolates may not be representative of antimicrobial resistance within a population. For this reason, users of CASTR data should carefully consider that the criteria used to generate these reports can impact resulting NS rates, and therefore maintain the distinction between CASTRs created for different purposes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mastitis Pathogens and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolates From Cattle and Buffaloes in Northwest of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Ali ◽  
Kamran ◽  
Abdur Raziq ◽  
Inamullah Wazir ◽  
Rafi Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mastitic Milk

Mastitis is the most prevalent disease of dairy animals, imparting huge economic losses to the dairy industry. There is always a dire need to monitor the prevalence of mastitis, its bacteriology, and evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibilities for mastitis control and prevention. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate: (i) the prevalence of mastitis in cattle and buffaloes; (ii) identification of bacteria associated with mastitis; (iii) antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates. Milk samples (n = 1,566) from cattle (n = 1,096) and buffaloes (n = 470) were processed for detection of mastitis using the California mastitis test in the year 2018–19. A total of 633 mastitic milk samples were further processed for bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method. Overall, the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was 17 and 57% in both species. Clinical mastitis was higher in cattle (20%) compared to buffaloes (11%), whereas subclinical was higher in buffaloes (66%) than cattle (53%). Besides, month-wise prevalence was higher in hot and humid months in both species. Staphylococci spp. (34%) were the most predominant bacterial isolates from mastitic milk, followed by Escherichia coli (19.4%), Streptococci spp. (9%), and Klebsiella spp. (8%). Most of the bacteria were susceptible to gentamicin (92%) and enrofloxacin (88%), when a panel of 16 different antimicrobials was tested. Nevertheless, most of the isolates were resistant to sulphamethoxazole (99%), lincomycin (98%), oxytetracycline (89%), ampicillin (86%), and doxycycline (85%). This study concludes a high prevalence of mastitis caused by Staphylococcal spp. in cattle and buffaloes belonging to the northwest of Pakistan, and gentamicin and enrofloxacin might be appropriate antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bovine mastitis.

scholarly journals Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Li ◽  
Jian Yin ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Zewei Li ◽  
Yuanzhao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

AbstractSalmonella is an important food-borne pathogen associated with public health and high economic losses. To investigate the prevalence and the characteristics of Salmonella in a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, a total of 80 Salmonella isolates were isolated from 459 (17.43%) samples in 2016–2017. S. Derby (35/80, 43.75%) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Rissen (16/80, 20.00%) and S. Newlands (11/80, 13.75%). The highest rates of susceptibility were observed to cefoxitin (80/80, 100.0%) and amikacin (80/80, 100.0%), followed by aztreonam (79/80, 98.75%) and nitrofurantoin (79/80, 98.75%). The highest resistance rate was detected for tetracycline (65/80, 81.25%), followed by ampicillin (60/80, 75.00%), bactrim (55/80, 68.75%), and sulfisoxazole (54/80, 67.50%). Overall, 91.25% (73/80) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 71.25% (57/80) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. In addition, 86.36% (19/22) of the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolates were identified. Our data indicated that the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with antimicrobial resistance genes. Furthermore, 81.25% (65/80) isolates harbored the virulence gene of mogA, of which 2 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates carried the mogA, spvB and spvC virulence genes at the same time. The results showed that swine products in the slaughterhouse were contaminated with multidrug resistant Salmonella commonly, especially some isolates carry the spv virulence genes. The virulence genes might facilitate the dissemination of the resistance genes to consumers along the production chain, suggesting the importance of controlling Salmonella during slaughter for public health.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Azithromycin among Salmonella enterica Isolates from the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 3985-3989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sjölund-Karlsson ◽  
Kevin Joyce ◽  
Karen Blickenstaff ◽  
Takiyah Ball ◽  
Jovita Haro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Clinical Breakpoints

ABSTRACTDue to emerging resistance to traditional antimicrobial agents, such as ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol, azithromycin is increasingly used for the treatment of invasiveSalmonellainfections. In the present study, 696 isolates of non-TyphiSalmonellacollected from humans, food animals, and retail meats in the United States were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility to azithromycin. Seventy-twoSalmonella entericaserotype Typhi isolates from humans were also tested. For each isolate, MICs of azithromycin and 15 other antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution. Among the non-TyphiSalmonellaisolates, azithromycin MICs among human isolates ranged from 1 to 32 μg/ml, whereas the MICs among the animal and retail meat isolates ranged from 2 to 16 μg/ml and 4 to 16 μg/ml, respectively. AmongSalmonellaserotype Typhi isolates, the azithromycin MICs ranged from 4 to 16 μg/ml. The highest MIC observed in the present study was 32 μg/ml, and it was detected in three human isolates belonging to serotypes Kentucky, Montevideo, and Paratyphi A. Based on our findings, we propose an epidemiological cutoff value (ECOFF) for wild-typeSalmonellaof ≤16 μg/ml of azithromycin. The susceptibility data provided could be used in combination with clinical outcome data to determine tentative clinical breakpoints for azithromycin andSalmonella enterica.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage-Derived PeptidaseCHAPKEliminates and Prevents Staphylococcal Biofilms

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Fenton ◽  
Ruth Keary ◽  
Olivia McAuliffe ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
Jim O'Mahony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Staphylococcal Infections ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

New antibacterial agents are urgently needed for the elimination of biofilm-forming bacteria that are highly resistant to traditional antimicrobial agents. Proliferation of such bacteria can lead to significant economic losses in the agri-food sector. This study demonstrates the potential of the bacteriophage-derived peptidase,CHAPK, as a biocidal agent for the rapid disruption of biofilm-forming staphylococci, commonly associated with bovine mastitis. PurifiedCHAPKapplied to biofilms ofStaphylococcus aureusDPC5246 completely eliminated the staphylococcal biofilms within 4 h. In addition,CHAPKwas able to prevent biofilm formation by this strain. TheCHAPKlysin also reducedS. aureusin a skin decolonization model. Our data demonstrates the potential ofCHAPKas a biocidal agent for prevention and treatment of biofilm-associated staphylococcal infections or as a decontaminating agent in the food and healthcare sectors.

Characterization of Toxin Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from Retail Raw Chicken Meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUIXIA LI ◽  
PANPAN WANG ◽  
JIALIN ZHAO ◽  
LUHONG ZHOU ◽  
PENGFEI ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Potential Health Hazard

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the toxin gene profile and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw chicken in the People's Republic of China. In total, 289 S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and genes encoding enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and toxic shock syndrome toxin were revealed by PCR. Overall, 46.0% of the isolates were positive for one or more toxin genes. A high proportion of toxin genes were pvl (26.6%), followed by sej (12.5%), sea (9.0%), seh (8.3%), seb (6.9%), sec (6.9%), sed (4.8%), sei (3.1%), and see (2.4%). None of the isolates harbored seg, tsst-1, or exfoliative toxin genes. In total, 29 toxin gene profiles were obtained, and pvl (10.7%) was the most frequent genotype, followed by sea (5.9%), seb (4.8%), and sej (4.2%). Furthermore, 99.7% of the strains were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobial agents, and 87.2% of them displayed multidrug resistance. Resistance was most frequently observed to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin (86.2% for each), followed by tetracycline (69.9%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (45.0%), and ampicillin (42.6%). None of the strains were resistant to vancomycin. This study indicates that S. aureus isolates from raw chicken harbored multiple toxin genes and exhibited multiple antimicrobial resistance, which represents a potential health hazard for consumers.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 947-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele C. Beuron ◽  
Cristina S. Cortinhas ◽  
Bruno G. Botaro ◽  
Susana N. Macedo ◽  
Juliano L. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Treatment Procedures

The objective of this study was to evaluate herd management practices and mastitis treatment procedures as risk factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial resistance. For this study, 13 herds were selected to participate in the study to evaluate the association between their management practices and mastitis treatment procedures and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 1069 composite milk samples were collected aseptically from the selected cows in four different periods over two years. The samples were used for microbiological culturing of S. aureus isolates and evaluation of their antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 756 samples (70.7%) were culture-positive, and S. aureus comprised 27.77% (n=210) of the isolates. The S. aureus isolates were tested using the disk-diffusion susceptibility assay with the following antimicrobials: ampicillin 10mg; clindamycin 2μg; penicillin 1mg; ceftiofur 30μg; gentamicin 10mg; sulfa-trimethoprim 25μg; enrofloxacin 5μg; sulfonamide 300μg; tetracycline 30μg; oxacillin 1mg; cephalothin 30μg and erythromycin 5μg. The variables that were significantly associated with S. aureus resistance were as follows: the treatment of clinical mastitis for ampicillin (OR=2.18), dry cow treatment for enrofloxacin (OR=2.11) and not sending milk samples for microbiological culture and susceptibility tests, for ampicillin (OR=2.57) and penicillin (OR=4.69). In conclusion, the identification of risk factors for S. aureus resistance against various mastitis antimicrobials is an important information that may help in practical recommendations for prudent use of antimicrobial in milk production.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from clinical cases of canine pyoderma in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Blunt ◽  
Moritz Van Vuuren ◽  
Jacqueline Picard
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Broth Dilution

Successful treatment of canine pyoderma has become compromised owing to the development of antimicrobial resistance with accompanying recurrence of infection. Canine skin samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory for microbiological culture and sensitivity between January 2007 and June 2010, from which Staphylococcus intermedius was isolated, were selected for this investigation. Antimicrobial resistance of S. intermedius was most prevalent with reference to ampicillin followed by resistance to tetracycline and then potentiated sulphonamides. In general, antimicrobial resistance was low and very few methicillin-resistant isolates were detected. Temporal trends were not noted, except for ampicillin, with isolates becoming more susceptible, and potentiated sulphonamides (co-trimoxazole), with isolates becoming more resistant. In general, both the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion and broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration tests yielded similar results for the antimicrobial agents tested. The main difference was evident in the over-estimation of resistance by the Kirby–Bauer test for ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, penicillin and doxycycline. Knowledge of trends in bacterial resistance is important for veterinarians when presented with canine pyoderma. Analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of S. intermedius isolated from canine pyodermas will guide veterinarians’ use of the most appropriate agent and encourage prudent use of antimicrobials in companion animals.

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