Potential influence of food value chain level of regulation on prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance: case of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus )

The current study was designed to evaluate the potential impact of the level of regulation on the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial agent resistance in bacteria isolated from fish. The study sites included two large lakes and both semi-regulated and unregulated fish value chains. A total of 328 bacterial isolates belonging to 11 genera were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion method. The bacteria species were tested against 12 different antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ampicillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and kanamycin). Data analysis was done to assess the heterogeneity in proportion of resistant bacterial species within and between the two value chains using a random-effects model proposed by DerSimonian and Laird. Statistical heterogeneity within and between groups were estimated using the Cochran Chi -square test and the Cochrane- I 2 . Overall proportion of bacterial species resistant to antimicrobial agents in semi-regulated and unregulated value chains ranged from 0.00 to 0.88 and 0.09 to 0.95, respectively. Shigella spp. had the highest proportion of bacteria that were resistant against most of the antimicrobial agents used. The bacterial species were highly resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin and the highest multi-drug resistance capacity was observed in Shigella spp. (18.3%, n = 328), Vibrio spp. (18.3%) and L. monocytogenes (12.2%). We observed strong heterogeneity within and between the two value chains regarding proportion of resistant bacterial species. Sun dried fish in both value chains had significantly high proportion of resistant bacterial species. Comparing the two value chains, unregulated value chain had significantly higher proportion of bacterial species that were resistant. In order to mitigate the risk of transmitting antimicrobial resistant bacteria to consumers along the fish value chain, good manufacturing practices coupled with identification and management of possible sources of contamination are recommended for fish and potentially other foods distributed along the less regulated value chains. Importance In order to mitigate the risk of transmitting antimicrobial resistant bacteria to consumers along the fish value chain, good manufacturing practices coupled with identification and management of possible sources of contamination are recommended for fish and potentially other foods distributed along the less regulated value chains.

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Species, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Bacterial Isolates from HIV-Infected Patients Suspected to Have Pneumonia in Mekelle Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/8768439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gebre Adhanom ◽

Dawit Gebreegziabiher ◽

Yemane Weldu ◽

Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun ◽

Tadele Araya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Pneumonia ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

P Value ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Hiv Patients

Background. Pneumonia is a condition, where bacterial infections are implicated as the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. The actual burden of HIV-infected patients with pneumonia is not well documented in Mekelle region of Ethiopia. This study estimated the prevalence of bacterial pneumonia in HIV patients, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens implicated in pneumonia, and associated risk factors in Mekelle zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, during August-December 2016. Methods. Sputum specimens were collected from 252 HIV seropositive individuals with suspected pneumonia. Data on sociodemographics and risk factors were also collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood, Chocolate, and Mac Conkey agar plates (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) were used to grow the isolates. The isolated colonies were identified based on Gram stain, colony morphology, pigmentation, hemolysis, and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 and p-value < 0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered statistically significant. Results. Out of the 252 samples, 110 (43.7%) were positive for various bacterial species. The predominant bacterial species were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=26, 23.6 %) followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=17, 15.5 %), Escherichia coli (n=16, 14.5%), Klebsiella spp. (n=15, 13.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=9, 8.2%), Enterobacter spp. (n=7, 6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4, n=3.6%), Proteus spp. (n=4, 3.6%), Citrobacter freundii (n=7, 6.3%), Streptococcus pyogenes (3, 2.7%), and Haemophilus influenzae (n=2, 1.8%). Young age (18-29), recent CD4+ count less than 350 cells/mL, alcohol consumption, and HIV WHO stage II showed significant association with the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia. Resistance to penicillin, co-trimoxazole, and tetracycline was observed in 81.8%, 39.8%, and 24.5% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusions. The problem of pneumonia among HIV patients was significant in the study area. The high prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria isolated from the patient’s samples possesses a health risk in immunocompromised HIV patients. There is a need to strengthen and expand culture and susceptibility procedures for the administration of appropriate therapy to improve patients management and care which may aid in decreasing the mortality.

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Screening Of Antibacterial Activity Of Nepeta Ciliaris Benth. Against Respiratory Tract Pathogens

Kathmandu University Journal of Science Engineering and Technology ◽

10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6049 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 100-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gautam Shiv Shankar ◽

M Navneet ◽

Kumar Sanjay ◽

M Prabhat

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Positive Control ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Antibacterial Potential

The aim of present study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of various extracts (petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and aqueous) of Nepeta ciliaris against selected respiratory tract pathogens. The extracts from the aerial parts of N. ciliaris at concentration of 200 mg/ml were screened against three gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 1144, Streptococcus pneumoniae MTCC 655 and Streptococcus pyogenes MTCC 442) and one gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2474) bacterial pathogens. The agar well diffusion method was adopted to examine antibacterial and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of most effective extracts against the susceptible bacteria. Erythromycin was used as positive control to determine the sensitivity of the strains. Out of the four bacterial species tested, S. pneumoniae was the most susceptible. The acetone extract exhibited maximum activity against all the tested microorganisms while methanol extract showed activity against P. aeruginosa. The MIC values ranged from 40 to 50 mg/ml for all the organisms. The N. ciliaris is potentially a good source of antimicrobial agents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6049 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 100-103

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Resistome metagenomics from plate to farm: the resistome and microbial composition during food waste feeding and composting on a Vermont poultry farm

10.1101/691626 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Korin Eckstrom ◽

John W. Barlow

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

Poultry Farm ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Microbial Composition

AbstractFood waste diversion and composting, either mandated or voluntary, are growing alternatives to traditional waste disposal. An acceptable source of agricultural feed and composting material, methane-emitting food residuals, including post-consumer food scraps, are diverted from landfills allowing recapture of nutrients that would otherwise be lost. However, risk associated with the transfer of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), or pathogens from food waste is not well characterized. Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, ARGs, microbial content, and associated virulence factors were successfully identified across samples from an integrated poultry farm that feeds post-consumer food waste. A total of 495 distinct bacterial species or sub-species, 50 ARGs, and 54 virulence gene sequences were found. ARG sequences related to aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and macrolide resistance were most prominent, while most virulence gene sequences were related to transposon or integron activity. Microbiome content was distinct between on-farm samples and off-farm food waste collection sites, with a reduction in pathogens throughout the composting process. While most samples contained some level of resistance, only 3 resistance gene sequences occurred in both on- and off-farm samples and no multidrug resistance (MDR) gene sequences persisted once on the farm. The risk of incorporating novel or multi-drug resistance from human sources appears to be minimal and the practice of utilizing post-consumer food scraps as feed for poultry and composting material may not present a significant risk for human or animal health. Pearson correlation and co-inertia analysis identified a significant interaction between resistance and virulence genes (P = 0.05, RV = 0.67), indicating that ability to undergo gene transfer may be a better marker for ARG risk than presence of specific bacterial species. This work expands the knowledge of ARG fate during food scrap animal feeding and composting and provides a methodology for reproducible analysis.

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Antagonistic Activity of Bacteriocins Produced by Lactobacillus Isolates against Multidrug Resistant Pathogens

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i59b34354 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 76-87

Author(s):

Asma Bashir ◽

Kashif Ali

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Proteinase K ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Lactobacillus Spp

Background: Multi drug-resistance pose a great threat to public health and are responsible for various life-threatening ailments. There is a crucial need to control the outbreaks by finding alternatives to the conventional drugs available. Over the last few years, the usage of probiotics, including Lactobacillus spp. and their bacteriocins has gained much attention to ward off various diseases. Methods: This study was focused on characterizing bacteriocins extracted from Lactobacillus spp. and assessing their antagonistic effect against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Fifteen Lactobacillus spp. were isolated and identified from Pakistani dairy and fermented products (raw milk, cheese, butter milk, pickle and yoghurt). All the isolates were preliminarily screened by the antagonism method of agar well diffusion method, and the bacteriocins were isolated by ammonium sulphate method. Afterwards, to evaluate the release of bacteriocin in liquid medium, the Cell-Free Supernatant Fluid (CFSF) of the best producer strains were tested by agar well diffusion assay. To assess the thermostability of the bacteriocins, they were subjected to temperatures of 40ᴼC, 60ᴼC, 80ᴼC and 100ᴼC. Results: The study allowed the selection of five bacteriocin producing strains Lactobacillus acidophilus KAL1, Lactobacillus casei KAL3, Lactobacillus plantarum KAL5, Lactobacillus reuteri KAL6 and Lactobacillus spp. delbrukei KAL7, endowed with the strongest and broadest inhibitory ability against both Gram-positive (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Bacteriocins isolated were significantly thermostable with activity at 80ᴼC (30, 20 min) respectively. Moreover, all the bacteriocins were considerably stable at a range of pH (4–8) but all the activity was eliminated against proteolytic enzyme Proteinase K. Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that bacteriocin extracts from five isolated Lactobacillus spp. can be considered a preferable candidate against multi-drug resistant pathogens. These partially purified bacteriocins should be further processed to attain purified product that could be useful for further studies for the control of pathogens, food spoilage and preservation purposes.

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Trends in Fluoroquinolone Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Canine Urinary Tracts

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063870301500406 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 338-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Leah A. Cohn ◽

Anthony T. Gary ◽

William H. Fales ◽

Richard W. Madsen

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Proteus Mirabilis ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory ◽

University Of Missouri ◽

Susceptibility Data

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antimicrobial agents are used extensively in human and veterinary medicine. Widespread use of any antimicrobial agent can apply selective pressure on populations of bacteria, which may result in an increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant isolates. Antimicrobial-susceptibility data on bacteria isolated from the canine urinary tract by the University of Missouri-Columbia Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Columbia, MO, were used to determine whether there has been an increase in the prevalence of FQ-resistant bacteria over time. Between January 1992 and December 2001, minimum inhibitory concentrations of either ciprofloxacin (1992–1998) or enrofloxacin (1998–2001) were determined for 1,478 bacterial isolates from the canine urinary tract. The predominant bacterial species isolated were Escherichia coli (547 isolates), Proteus mirabilis (156), and Staphylococcus intermedius (147). In all, there were 13 bacterial species with more than 25 isolates each. A significant increase in the overall proportion of resistant bacterial isolates was documented from 1992 to 2001 (Cochran-Armitage test for trend, P < 0.0001). The same increase in resistant isolates was documented when either ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin was analyzed separately ( P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0002, respectively). No difference was detected in rates of bacterial FQ resistance with regard to the sex of the dog from which the bacteria were isolated. The frequency with which some bacterial species were isolated differed with the sex of the infected dog. Proteus mirabilis was found more often in females ( P < 0.0001), whereas beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp., were found more often in males ( P = 0.0003). Although the overall efficacy of FQ antimicrobials remained high with greater than 80% of isolates being susceptible, the data demonstrated an increase in the proportion of resistant bacteria isolated from the urinary tract of the dog.

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P0300CEPHALOSPORINS COMPARED TO OTHER ANTIMICROBIALS FOR CKD-PATIENTS WITH PYELONEPHRITIS INFECTED BY PMRG-PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACAE OR NOT

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Olga Chub ◽

Oleksandr Bilchenko ◽

Olga Godlevska ◽

Fedir Moshel ◽

Oleg Chub

Keyword(s):

Clinical Cure ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cure Rates

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is assоciated with significant majоr infectiоus complicatiоns, which оccur at rаtes 3 to 4 times the generаl population. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the major nosocomial infections, reaching 150 million episodes per year and accounting for $6 billion. Pyelonephritis is the leading cause of hospitalization among all UTIs. Recent years, steady increase in the rate of uropathogen resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics is associated with plasmid-mediated resistance genes (PMRG) existence. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of cephalosporins versus fluoroquinolones for pyelonephritis among non-dialysis CKD-patients. Method A cross-sectional study of 105 adult CKD patients with pyelonephritis, who were admitted in Kharkiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Ukraine, was carried out. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and screening for PMRG was performed by the polymerase chain reaction. Subjects were randomized to receive either 3d generation of cephalosporins (n=56), or fluroquinolones (n=49) intravenously. The treatment duration was 7-10 days. After IV treatment, patients were switched to oral levofloxacin 500 mg up to 3-5 days. Results Out of 105 patients, 31 (29.5%) were infected with PMRG-producing bacteria. Among 81 gram negative bacterial isolates, 39 (48.1%) were identified to carry different types of PMRG, among which 27 (69.2%) were found to be extended spectrum beta-lactamases producers (ESBLs), and 12 (30.8%) – were positive for PMQR. Clinical outcome was assessed at the day 5 (D5), end of treatment (EOT), test of cure visit (TOC). At the D5, clinical cure was observed in 41.9% (13/31) patients infected with resistance bacteria compared to 75.7% (56/74) patients infected with PMRG-negative bacterial strains (RR 0.4 95% CI [0,21; 0,75]). At the EOT, the favorable clinical response was seen in 51.6% (16/31) patients infected with PMRG-bacteria compared to 87.8% (65/74) patients infected with PMRG-negative bacterial strains (RR 0.91 95% CI [0.8;1.03]). At the TOC, composite cure was observed in 82.6% (19/23) and 96.3% (79/82) patients, respectively (RR 0.86 95% CI [0.71;1.04]). There was no significant difference between levofloxacin and ceftriaxone efficiency, except for the D5, when the clinical efficacy of levofloxacin was significantly higher. In the cephtriaxone group, clinical cure rates were significantly higher among patients, infected with PMRG-negative strains compare to patients infected with resistant bacteria at the D3 (p≤0.001), D5 (p≤0.001), EOT (p=0.013), TOC (p=0.016) visits. In the levofloxacine group, there wasn’t find any significant differences between patients infected with PMRG-producers or not. Rates of microbiologic eradication were significantly higher among patients infected with PMRG-negative strains at the day 5 (OR 0.05; 95% CI [0.01;0.25]), EOT (OR 0.05; [0.01;0.21]), TOC visits (OR 0.03 [0.01;0.13]). Conclusion Composite cure rates were significantly higher in patients infected with PMRG-negative bacterial strains. Further clinical studies are needed to establish the guideline for the management of patients with plasmid-mediated resistance and to expand the number of options available for empiric therapy of these multi-drug resistance infections.

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Kisameet Glacial Clay: an Unexpected Source of Bacterial Diversity

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00590-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sarah L. Svensson ◽

Shekooh Behroozian ◽

Wanjing Xu ◽

Michael G. Surette ◽

Loretta Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Natural Substances ◽

Glacial Clay ◽

History Of ◽

Insight Into

ABSTRACTWidespread antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens is providing the impetus to explore novel sources of antimicrobial agents. Recently, the potent antibacterial activity of certain clay minerals has stimulated scientific interest in these materials. One such example is Kisameet glacial clay (KC), an antibacterial clay from a deposit on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada. However, our understanding of the active principles of these complex natural substances is incomplete. Like soils, clays may possess complex mixtures of bacterial taxa, including theActinobacteria, a clade known to be rich in antibiotic-producing organisms. Here, we present the first characterization of both the microbial and geochemical characteristics of a glacial clay deposit. KC harbors surprising bacterial species richness, with at least three distinct community types. We show that the deposit has clines of inorganic elements that can be leached by pH, which may be drivers of community structure. We also note the prevalence ofGallionellaceaein samples recovered near the surface, as well as taxa that include medically or economically important bacteria such asActinomycetesandPaenibacillus. These results provide insight into the microbial taxa that may be the source of KC antibacterial activity and suggest that natural clays may be rich sources of microbial and molecular diversity.IMPORTANCEIdentifying and characterizing the resident microbial populations (bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi) is key to understanding the ecology, chemistry, and homeostasis of virtually all sites on Earth. The Kisameet Bay deposit in British Columbia, Canada, holds a novel glacial clay with a history of medicinal use by local indigenous people. We previously showed that it has potent activity against a variety of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, suggesting it could complement our dwindling arsenal of antibiotics. Here, we have characterized the microbiome of this deposit to gain insight into what might make the clay antibacterial. Our analyses suggest that the deposit contains a surprising diversity of bacteria, which live in at least three distinct environments. In addition, the clay harbors bacteria that may have interesting potential as biocontrol/bioremediation agents or producers of novel bioactive compounds.

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Emerging antibiotic resistant enteric bacterial flora among food animals in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v42i2.2683 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 255-262

Author(s):

F. O Olufemi ◽

P. A. Akinduti ◽

E. O. Omoshaba ◽

E. O. Okpara

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Enteric Pathogens ◽

Health Concern ◽

Occurrence Rate ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Food Animals

Bacterial resistance to antibiotic in food animals is an emerging public health concern as a result of increasing multi-resistant bacteria found in Abeokuta. Therefore, occurrence rate and resistant profile of the emerging enteric pathogens were determined in food animals in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Fecal and rectal samples of 82 were randomly collected from food animals such as sheep (30), chicken (37) and pigs (15) in three major farms located in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Enteric bacteria isolates obtained were cultured and identified according to standard protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method and standard micro-tube dilution assay and resistance profile was carried out. Among the food animals surveyed for resistant enteric pathogens, 46% and 36% were chicken and sheep respectively while 18% were pigs. Complete resistance of 100% was shown by all the enteric bacteria obtained to metronidazole, tetracycline and penicillin while highest rate of Proteus mirabilis (33.5%) and Escherichia coli (20.1%) were multi resistant strains. Uncontrolled use of antimicrobial agents in food animals is shown to be associated with increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance in food-borne pathogens which could enhance treatment failure and increase morbidity or death among the populace.

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Antimicrobial sensitivity of Salmonella species isolated from University of Mkar Students

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppxphed.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Terzulum Gwaza

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Research Work ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Systemic Complications ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance amongst pathogenic microorganisms is a worrying public health issue which needs urgent fix. Several attempts have been made to overcome this problem, most recently, the advent of broad spectrum antimicrobial agents have been one of them. In as much, antimicrobial resistance seems to persist amongst different pathogenic genera due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. Salmonella, a causative agent of typhoid and other human systemic complications have displayed multi-drug resistance to antimicrobial agents. This research work therefore aims at investigating the antimicrobial sensitivity of Salmonella species isolated from University of Mkar students. A total of 50 stool samples were collected in sterile sample containers and isolation of Salmonella was carried out using two classical selective media, Salmonella Shigella Agar and MacConkey Agar. In-vitro antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out following the disk diffusion method using 10 antimicrobial agents. Salmonella species displayed high rate of resistance (70%) while showing a worrying low rate susceptibility (30%) to Aminoglycosides, Antifolates and even broad spectrum Fluoroquinolones. Salmonella may have adapted, or acquired resistance inherently as it was evident in very high resistance against common antimicrobial agents like Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole, Augmentin, and Nalidixic acid. The misuse of antibiotics and therapeutics by the population is obviously the consequential factor for the acquisition of resistance among this genus. Therefore, appropriate drug administration and usage practices must be enforced by government and public health institutions to help curtail the danger of unleashing the post-antibiotic era upon us now, and in time to come.

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Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial microbiota of freshwater fish

Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.5219/1063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 408-414

Author(s):

Alina Klūga ◽

Miroslava Kačániová ◽

Margarita Terentjeva

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Total Bacterial Count ◽

Pseudomonas Spp ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Fish Samples

The fish meat is an essential part of human diet. However, fish may be contaminated with different microorganisms, including pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance of fish microbiota may facilitate the spread of resistant microorganisms causing serious consequences for human health. The aim of the present study was to detect bacterial contamination in fish gill, gut and skin and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterial isolates. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and bream (Abramis bram) were obtained from the market in Jelgava city. Chub (Leuciscus cephalus), crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and tench (Tinca tinca) were collected from fishermen. Fish samples were examined for the total bacterial count (TBC), coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp. Testing was done in accordance with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. Identification of all bacteria was accomplished with the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization – Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method. The disc diffusion method was used for the detection of antibiotic susceptibility of isolated bacterial species. TBC ranged from 2.70 to 7.00 log CFU.g-1, coliforms from 0 to 2.67 log CFU.g-1, Enterobacteriaceae from 0 to 2.85 log CFU.g-1. The highest contamination with Pseudomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp. was observed in chub gut samples with 1.60 log CFU.g-1 and 2.23 log CFU.g-1, respectively. Altogether, 16 microbial genera and 31 bacterial species were identified. The dominant bacterial species belonged to Pseudomonas spp. (54%) and Enterobacteriaceae. Pseudomonas spp. were resistant to ticarcillin, susceptibility to ciprofloxacin showed 88% of isolates. All Enterobacteriaceae isolates were susceptible to imipenem. The microbial quality of the fish was acceptable, but the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria may further cause a negative impact on public health.

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