Antagonistic Activity of Bacteriocins Produced by Lactobacillus Isolates against Multidrug Resistant Pathogens

Background: Multi drug-resistance pose a great threat to public health and are responsible for various life-threatening ailments. There is a crucial need to control the outbreaks by finding alternatives to the conventional drugs available. Over the last few years, the usage of probiotics, including Lactobacillus spp. and their bacteriocins has gained much attention to ward off various diseases. Methods: This study was focused on characterizing bacteriocins extracted from Lactobacillus spp. and assessing their antagonistic effect against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Fifteen Lactobacillus spp. were isolated and identified from Pakistani dairy and fermented products (raw milk, cheese, butter milk, pickle and yoghurt). All the isolates were preliminarily screened by the antagonism method of agar well diffusion method, and the bacteriocins were isolated by ammonium sulphate method. Afterwards, to evaluate the release of bacteriocin in liquid medium, the Cell-Free Supernatant Fluid (CFSF) of the best producer strains were tested by agar well diffusion assay. To assess the thermostability of the bacteriocins, they were subjected to temperatures of 40ᴼC, 60ᴼC, 80ᴼC and 100ᴼC. Results: The study allowed the selection of five bacteriocin producing strains Lactobacillus acidophilus KAL1, Lactobacillus casei KAL3, Lactobacillus plantarum KAL5, Lactobacillus reuteri KAL6 and Lactobacillus spp. delbrukei KAL7, endowed with the strongest and broadest inhibitory ability against both Gram-positive (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Bacteriocins isolated were significantly thermostable with activity at 80ᴼC (30, 20 min) respectively. Moreover, all the bacteriocins were considerably stable at a range of pH (4–8) but all the activity was eliminated against proteolytic enzyme Proteinase K. Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that bacteriocin extracts from five isolated Lactobacillus spp. can be considered a preferable candidate against multi-drug resistant pathogens. These partially purified bacteriocins should be further processed to attain purified product that could be useful for further studies for the control of pathogens, food spoilage and preservation purposes.

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Preliminary characterization and inhibitory activity of bacteriocin like substances from Lactobacillus casei against multi-drug resistant bacteria

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v36i1.44259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Farzana Binte Hasan ◽

Mahin Reza ◽

HM Abdullah Al Masud ◽

Md Kamal Uddin ◽

Mohammad Seraj Uddin

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Lactobacillus Casei ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Partial Purification ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Proteus Vulgaris ◽

Cell Free Supernatant

Antimicrobial resistance is a mounting threat to the control of infectious diseases worldwide. Due to the increasing rate of drug resistance, there is continuous requirement for new and safe antimicrobial agents both for therapeutic purposes and food industries. The potential of bacteriocin has attracted much attention in recent years.We characterized bacteriocin like substances produced by Lactobacillus casei. This bacterium produces bacteriocin like substances that have the ability to inhibit multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus vulgaris. To investigate the antimicrobial property of the bacteriocin like substances produced by L.casei, cell free supernatant (CFS) was prepared and antagonistic activity of cell free supernatant was determined by agar well diffusion method. Production of bacteriocin like substances was greatly affected by nutrient media, pH, temperature and incubation period. Highest inhibitory activity was observed when L.casei was grown in MRS broth (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth) (pH 4.0) for 72 hoursat 37°C. The active components of CFS responsible for antagonistic activity are proteinaceous in nature since they are susceptible to heat treatment. Partial purification of this CFS was done by organic solvent extraction method. Among the eight isolates tested, only S. auereus, Proteus vulgaris and K. pneumoniae showed more sensitivity to the partially purified crude bacteriocin like substances (CBLS) than CFS. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 1 June 2019, pp 01-06

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Drug-resistant bacterial pathogens in milk and some milk products

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-05-2013-0061 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 241-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shajuty Marjan ◽

Kamal Kanta Das ◽

Saurab Kishore Munshi ◽

Rashed Noor

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Content Type ◽

Milk Products ◽

Milk Samples

Purpose – Current study was carried to detect the presence of pathogenic bacteria including the drug-resistant ones from milk and milk products. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Twenty-six raw milk samples from ten different areas, 28 pasteurized milk samples from 12 different companies and 26 yogurt samples from ten different sources in Dhaka city were microbiologically analyzed through cultural and biochemical identification of the isolates. Drug resistance trait was also determined by the Kirby-Bauer method on Muller-Hinton agar. Findings – Out of 80 samples studied, 74 were found to harbor pathogens within a range of 102-104 cfu/ml, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio spp. The study of antibiogram revealed that most of the isolates were resistant against most of the commonly used antibiotics. Research limitations/implications – Employment of only cultural/ biochemical tests excluding the molecular detection of virulence and/or antibiotic resistance genes might stand as a shortfall of the study. Nevertheless, such basic approach of microbiology can make this type of study replicable in the resource poor settings in the other developing countries. Practical implications – Routine detection of drug-resistant bacteria can further unveil the complications in chemotherapy during the endemic food borne diseases. Social implications – The study outcome/knowledge would aid to a better public health management especially in the developing countries. Originality/value – The presence of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in most of the tested milk samples poses a great public health threat, especially to the children. Therefore, the study revealed the necessity of maintaining proper hygienic practice and care in handling and processing of milk and milk products.

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Multi drug resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli to tested antibiotics in strains originating from humans, poultry and swine

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn1018027t ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 27-35

Author(s):

Zoran Tambur ◽

Igor Stojanov ◽

Sonja Konstantinovic ◽

Dara Jovanovic ◽

Desanka Cenic-Milosevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Campylobacter Infection

Thermophilic Campylobacter are among the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in humans. Food animals are considered one of the most important sources of Campylobacter causing infections in man. Campylobacter infection is clinically mild and resolves spontaneously. In severe or long-lasting cases, treatment with antibiotics is necessary. Resistance of Campylobacter spp. to drugs used in treatment of infection is a matter of concern. The aim of this paper is to determine presence of multi drug resistant strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from animals and man. Material for testing was obtained by scraping the cecum surface from boilers, pig cecum and colon, and human feces. For isolation Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli microaerophilic conditions, temperature of 42?C and antibiotic supplement were required to inhibit the growth of other intestinal bacteria. In this research, for sensitivity testing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli three different methods were used: disc diffusion test, E-test, and dilution agar method. A total of 55 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Out of the total, 24 strains originated from man, 16 from broilers were isolated, and 15 from pigs. Multidrug resistance was determined in cases when the strains were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Applying E-test, we detected that the largest number of Campylobacter jejuni were multi drug resistant to two antibiotics (41.2%), and three antibiotics (11.8%). Applying disc diffusion method it was detected that 5.9% of Campylobacter jejuni from man was resistant to four tested antibiotics. Applying all three methods, it was detected that the largest number of Campylobacter strains was resistant to two antibiotics and three antibiotics. Applying disc diffusion method it was detected that 50% of Campylobacter coli strains from pigs were resistant to three tested antibiotics.

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Prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in selected street food and water samples

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v44i4.38599 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 621-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anika Tabassum ◽

Mihir Lal Saha ◽

Mohammad Nurul Islam

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Gram Positive ◽

16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern ◽

Bacillus Spp

Present study was conducted to determine the bacteria and their multi-drug resistance pattern of Velpuri and water of Velpuri shop of different areas of Dhaka city. A total of 74 bacteria were isolated of which 26 isolates were subjected for further study. Eleven and 15 isolates from 26, were found Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Three isolates of Gram-positive bacteria were found rod shaped and spore formers which were identified as Bacillus spp. while eight isolates were found round shaped and nonspore formers and identified as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Planococcus, Micrococcus. In case of Gramnegative bacteria, Alcaligenes, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella, Yersinia were found to be associated with the samples. Among 26 isolates Pseudomonas and Planococcus were found to be dominating genera. Besides provisional identification, four selected isolates were further confirmed through molecular characterization based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Antibiotic sensitivity test results revealed that isolated bacteria were resistant against common antibiotics like penicillin G (80.77%), vancomycin (61.53%) and rifampicin (57.70%). Among the isolates Pseudomonas, Enterobacter cloacae, Eshcherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus morganii, Yersinia enterocolitica were found to be multi-drug resistant which is very much alarming for the consumers.

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Antimicrobial activity of Guava tree (Psidium Guajava) leaf extract and selected Commercial Antibiotics on Bacterial isolates from Kisubi Hospital

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v1i12.1. ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

◽

David Serunjogi ◽

Kizito Muwonge

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

The World ◽

Guava Leaf ◽

Tree Leaf

Background: Plant species such as the guava have been used in Uganda and elsewhere in the world to treat some of the medical conditions associated with bacteria, this is due to the increased number of drug resistant bacteria in the world. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of guava leaf extracts against some of the disease causing bacteria isolated from Kisubi hospital in Uganda is discussed. Methods: The guava leafs were collected from a plantation near Zika forest in Uganda (0°7′27″N 32°31′32″E / 0.12417°N 32.52556°E / 0.12417; 32.52556) and samples were put in a bag and transferred to the university laboratory where they were identified. The extracts were obtained by maceration using distilled water, 30%, 50% and 70 % methanol as the extraction solvents. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Results: Gram-negative Escherichia coli was sensitive to the plant extract and synthetic commercial drugs such as trimethoprim-sulfamethozole, ciprofloxacin, and Gentamicin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all drugs. Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus were all sensitive to the plant extracts with measurable inhibition zones. Conclusion: The Guava tree leaf crude extracts have antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant bacteria. More studies should be carried out to know the potency and the concentration of different plant origin extracts.

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Prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae at a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-021-00368-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Susil Pyakurel ◽

Mehraj Ansari ◽

Smriti Kattel ◽

Ganesh Rai ◽

Prasha Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Growth Media ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Biochemical Tests

Abstract Aim Although carbapenem is the last-resort drug for treating drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, prevalence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria has substantially increased worldwide owing to irrational use of antibiotics particularly in developing countries like Nepal. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae and to detect the carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-2 and blaOXA-48) in at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Materials and methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2018 to January 2019 at the Microbiology Laboratory of Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal. Different clinical samples were collected and cultured in appropriate growth media. Biochemical tests were performed for the identification of K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The modified Hodge test (MHT) was performed to detect carbapenemase producers. The plasmid was extracted by the modified alkaline hydrolysis method. Carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae were further confirmed by detecting blaNDM-2 and blaOXA-48 genes by PCR using specific forward and reverse primers followed by gel electrophoresis. Results Out of the total 720 samples, 38.9% (280/720) were culture positive. K. pneumoniae was the most predominant isolate 31.4% (88/280). Of 88 K. pneumoniae isolates, 56.8% (50/88) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), and 51.1% (45/88) were MHT positive. Colistin showed the highest sensitivity (100%; 88/88), followed by tigecycline (86.4%; 76/88). blaNDM-2 and blaOXA-48 genes were detected in 24.4% (11/45) and 15.5% (7/45) of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Conclusion The rate of MDR and carbapenemase production was high in the K. pneumoniae isolates. Colistin and tigecycline could be the drug of choice for the empirical treatments of MDR and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae. Our study provides a better understanding of antibiotic resistance threat and enables physicians to select the most appropriate antibiotics.

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ANTIBACTERIAL PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPEUTIC STUDIES OF METALLATED PORPHYRIN AGAINST CHRONIC WOUND COLONISING BACTERIAL ISOLATES

Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria ◽

10.46602/jcsn.v46i2.609 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

Author(s):

O. B Daramola ◽

A. A Olajide ◽

N Torimiro ◽

R. C George

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Chronic Wound ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

In Vitro Toxicity ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Bacterial Strains

Wound infections have become life threatening as a result of treatment failures caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens. The search for newer compounds potent against antibiotic resistant bacteria associated with wounds is crucial. Hence this study investigated the application of antibacterial photodynamic therapy using meso tetra-(4-phenyl) porphyrin (TPP), metallated with zinc, tin and silver (ZnTPP, SnTPP and AgTPP), meso tetra-(4-sulphonatephenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) and the corresponding metallo meso tetra-(4-sulphonatephenyl) porphyrin (MTPPS) as photosensitizers. The in-vitro toxicity and photo-toxicity properties on four chronic wound colonizing multi-drug resistant bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., and Escherichia coli were assessed using agar well diffusion method. Photo-toxicity of the compounds was investigated using 100 Watt tungsten lamp. Inhibitory activity of porphyrins tested against these bacterial strains showed Staphylococcus aureus to have both lowest (11±0.0 mm) and highest (33±1.1 mm) susceptibility to SnTPPS and ZnTPPS respectively. The sequence of data also showed appreciable improvement in the antimicrobial activities of five metalloporphyrins (SnTPP, AgTPP, ZnTPPS, SnTPPS and AgTPPS) exposed to light rays than when tested against bacterial strains in dark condition. ZnTPPS exhibited the best activity with improved photo-toxic activities against all bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus 33±1.1 mm, Klebsiella sp. 32±0.7 mm, Proteus sp. 28±0.7 mm and Escherichia coli 30±1.4 mm) examined in this study.

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Prevalence of aerobic pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with burn infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Al-Najaf City, Iraq- a three-year cross-sectional study.

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.15088.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1157 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ahmed Abduljabbar Jaloob Aljanaby ◽

Israa Abduljabbar Jaloob Aljanaby

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria

Background: Burn infections are one of the most common serious illnesses caused by pathogens, mainly by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The aim of this study was to detect of the prevalence of multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) bacteria isolated from inpatients with burn infection and the antimicrobials sensitivity patterns of all bacterial isolates during three years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Al-Najaf Central Hospital in Al-Najaf City, Iraq from January 2015 to December 2017. A total of 295 burns swabs were collected from hospitalized patients with burn infection. All grown bacterial isolates were identified by standardized microbiological tests. Antimicrobials susceptibility testing was done using the disc diffusion method. Multi-drug, extensive-drug and pan-drug resistant bacteria and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria were determined according to standardized methods and guidelines. Results: Of the 295 burn swabs, 513 different bacteria strains were isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common bacteria with 142 isolates (27.6%) followed by methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus 106 isolates (20.6%), while Staphylococcus typhi was the least common bacteria with only 17 isolates (3.3%). 323 (63%) different bacterial strains were isolated from patients who stayed in hospital for 15 days. Most bacterial isolates were resistant to most antimicrobials with high percentages. Out of the 513 bacterial isolates; only 33 isolates (6.4%) were resistant to imipenem 10µg and 464 isolates (90.4%) were multi-drug resistant, 20 isolates (14%) were extensive-drug resistant and 17 isolates (3.3%) were pan-drug resistant. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common ESBL-producing bacteria (51 isolates-35.9%). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in burn infection in Al-Najaf hospital. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common multi-drug resistant bacteria, and the most common of ESBL bacteria causing burn infection over the three years.

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Incidence of Multi Drug Resistance and Diversity of TEM-1 Beta Lactamase in Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Sample

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v5i3.17693 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 302-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Natarajan ◽

R. Subashkumar

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sample ◽

Genomic Dna ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Index Value

Occurrence and incidence of drug resistant bacteria are becoming very high and common with overuse of antibiotics. This study focused on the isolation of drug resistant strains from the clinical and environmental sample that produce extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and identification of TEM-1 genes in the plasmid and genomic DNA. 45 Clinical samples from the hospital and 7 environmental samples from the polluted water sources were collected. Among the collected samples, E. coli showed a higher incidence (36.1 %) followed by Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., and Salmonella sp. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates were investigated against 25 commercially available antibiotics. All the isolated strains showed MAR index value of more than 0.2. Among the 36 isolates, 7 Gram negative isolates (19.4 %) showed positive results for ESBL production in Double disk synergy test. The plasmid and genomic DNA were isolated and analyzed using PCR with specific primers for the presence of the TEM-1 gene (716 bp). A selected PCR products of the TEM-1 gene was sequenced and analyzed using BLAST.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(3): 302-308

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Untreated Liquid Hospital Waste: Potential Source of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v32i0.28473 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 21-24

Author(s):

Md Kamruzzaman Siddiqui ◽

Nazma Khatoon ◽

Pravas Chandra Roy

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Antimicrobial resistance in both pathogenic and commensal bacteria is increasing steadily. Failure of antibiotic resistant bacteria containment is responsible for this expansion. Healthcare effluent acts as the store house of harmful infectious pathogens. Potential health risk includes spreading of diseases by these pathogens and wide dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. The present study was carried out to investigate the multiple-drug resistance among the bacterial strains that were isolated and identified from the effluents of Jessore Medical College Hospital & Jessore Queens hospital private limited. Identified bacteria were E. coli , Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella spp.. Occurrence of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. were found to have the highest percentages and present in majority of the samples. The identified organisms antibiotic resistant pattern were analyzed by agar disc diffusion method against 6 antibiotics. Results of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that all of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (e4). From the study, we observed that 75% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, followed by Ampicillin (64%), Chloramphenicol (31%), Gentamycin (29%), Nitrofurantoin (27%) and least resistant being Ciprofloxacin 23%. Among the isolates Salmonella spp. were showed highest rate of resistance against all the used antibiotics. The result denotes that, the identified bacteria have been well exposed to the tested antimicrobials and they have established mechanisms to avoid them. Therefore, proper waste water treatment plant should be established to diminish the risk of disseminating multiple drug resistant microorganisms for the safeguard of public health.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 32, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2015, pp 21-24

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