scholarly journals The Noncommensal Bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate (Sodium Salt)-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Influencing Mechanisms Essential for Maintenance of the Colonic Barrier Function

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte R. Kleiveland ◽  
Lene T. Olsen Hult ◽  
Signe Spetalen ◽  
Magne Kaldhusdal ◽  
Trine Eker Christofferesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Methylococcus Capsulatus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTDietary inclusion of a bacterial meal has recently been shown to efficiently abolish soybean meal-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon. The objective of this study was to investigate whether inclusion of this bacterial meal in the diet could abrogate disease development in a murine model of epithelial injury and colitis and thus possibly have therapeutic potential in human inflammatory bowel disease. C57BL/6N mice were fedad libituma control diet or an experimental diet containing 254 g/kg of body weight BioProtein, a bacterial meal consisting ofMethylococcus capsulatus(Bath), together with the heterogenic bacteriaRalstoniasp.,Brevibacillus agri, andAneurinibacillussp. At day 8, colitis was induced by 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)ad libitumin the drinking water for 6 days. Symptoms of DSS treatment were less profound after prophylactic treatment with the diet containing the BioProtein. Colitis-associated parameters such as reduced body weight, colon shortening, and epithelial damage also showed significant improvement. Levels of acute-phase reactants, proteins whose plasma concentrations increase in response to inflammation, and neutrophil infiltration were reduced. On the other, increased epithelial cell proliferation and enhanced mucin 2 (Muc2) transcription indicated improved integrity of the colonic epithelial layer. BioProtein mainly consists ofMethylococcus capsulatus(Bath) (88%). The results that we obtained when using a bacterial meal consisting ofM. capsulatus(Bath) were similar to those obtained when using BioProtein in the DSS model. Our results show that a bacterial meal of the noncommensal bacteriumM. capsulatus(Bath) has the potential to attenuate DSS-induced colitis in mice by enhancing colonic barrier function, as judged by increased epithelial proliferation and increased Muc2 transcription.

scholarly journals Suppression of Th17 Cell Response in the Alleviation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wei ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Jingbo Zhai ◽  
Junfeng Zhu ◽  
Fangli Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Disease Activity Index

Background. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Dysregulated immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of GLP to alleviate DSS-induced colitis. Methods. The mice were administered with GLP by intragastric gavage daily for two weeks prior to the DSS treatment. Mice were orally administered with 2.5% DSS dissolved in drinking water with GLP or water treatment for 6 days. The mice were killed on day 7 after induction of colitis. Survival rates, body weight loss, colon lengths, histological changes, and disease activity index scores (DAI) were evaluated. Results. GLP significantly improved survival rates, colon length shortening, body weight loss, histopathological score, and DAI scores in mice with DSS-induced colitis. GLP markedly suppressed the secretions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-4 and significantly affected populations of Th17 cells, B cells, NK cells, and NKT cells in the lamina propria lymphocytes. Conclusions. GLP prevented inflammation, maintained intestinal homeostasis, and regulated the intestinal immunological barrier functions in mice with DSS-induced colitis.

scholarly journals Efficient Attenuation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Oral Administration of 5,6-Dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic Acid in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9295
Author(s):  
Shinya Takenouchi ◽  
Daiki Imai ◽  
Tatsuro Nakamura ◽  
Takahisa Murata
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Eicosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Granulocyte Infiltration ◽  
Mucosal Erosion ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5,6-DiHETE) is an eicosapentaenoic acid-derived newly discovered bioactive anti-inflammatory lipid mediator having diverse functions. Here, we assessed the potential of orally administered 5,6-DiHETE in promoting healing of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. We measured the plasma concentrations of 5,6-DiHETE in untreated mice before and 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 h after its oral administration (150 or 600 μg/kg) in mice. Mice developed colitis by DSS (2% in drinking water for 4 days), and 5,6-DiHETE (150 or 600 μg/kg/day) was orally administered from day 9 to 14. Next, the faecal hardness and bleeding were assessed, and the dissected colons on day 14 via H&E staining. The plasma concentration of 5,6-DiHETE reached 25.05 or 44.79 ng/mL 0.5 h after the administration of 150 or 600 μg/kg, respectively, followed by a gradual decrease. The half-life of 5,6-DiHETE was estimated to be 1.25–1.63 h. Diarrhoea deteriorated after day 3 and peaked on day 5, followed by a gradual recovery. Histological assessment on day 14 showed DSS-mediated granulocyte infiltration, mucosal erosion, submucosal edema, and cryptal abscesses in mice. Oral administration of 150 or 600 μg/kg/day of 5,6-DiHETE accelerated the recovery from the DSS-induced diarrhoea and significantly ameliorated colon inflammation. The therapeutic effect of 600 μg/kg/day 5,6-DiHETE was slightly stronger than that by 150 μg/kg/day. Our study reveals attenuation of DSS-induced colitis in mice by the oral administration of 5,6-DiHETE dose-dependently, thereby suggesting a therapeutic potential of 5,6-DiHETE for inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals Maize Flavan-4-ols and Anthocyanins Alleviated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice via Intestinal Barrier Function Restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 488-488
Author(s):  
Binning Wu ◽  
Shiyu Li ◽  
Haotian Chang ◽  
Ruth Anderson ◽  
Surinder Chopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Gut Permeability

Abstract Objectives This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins and flavan-4-ols (precursor of phlobaphenes) within a whole-food matrix against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis using four maize near-isogenic lines (NILs) that differ only in a single class of flavonoids. The four NILs are A (lacks anthocyanins and phlobaphenes), B (phlobaphenes +), C (anthocyanins +) and D (anthocyanins + and phlobaphenes +). Methods Conventional male C57BL6 mice were subjected to control diet 25% A, B, C, and D supplemented corn diet. Germ-free (GF) C57BL6 mice were subjected to either control or 25% D supplemented diet. Colitis was induced in both conventional and GF mice by 3% and 1.25% (w/v) DSS in the drinking water, respectively. Intestinal permeability was measured using FITC-dextran. RT-PCR was used to analyze the gene expression levels and 16S rRNA for bacterial relative abundance. Results In conventional mice, supplementation of A, B, C, and D prevented DSS-induced colon shortening and body weight loss compared to mice on the control diet (P < 0.05). Mice supplemented with B, C, D diets had lower gut permeability than DSS mice (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) was suppressed in B, C and D supplemented mice whereas, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) expression was lowered in mice supplemented with C and D diets only. Supplementation of the four NILs decreased the abundance of the genus Pseudomonas in colitic mice (P < 0.05). In GF mice, D diet ameliorated DSS-induced colon shortening and elevated gut permeability. The expression level of IL-6 and IL-1β were downregulated in GF mice fed with D diet (P < 0.05). Conclusions In summary, flavan-4-ols and/or anthocyanins in the whole-food matrix exerted their protective effects against DSS-induced chronic inflammation and concommitantly restored intestinal barrier function. GF mice experiment results demonstrated that above mentioned beneficial effects from bioactive corn compounds were partially independent of gut microbiota. Funding Sources USDA-NIFA awards 2016-67,017-29,285 and 2019-67,017-29,258.

scholarly journals Effects of Replacing Groundnut Cake with Blood Vegetable Waste Meal in the Diets of Weaner Rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Adedayo Abiodun Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Ad Libitum

A total of seventy-two weaner rabbits of eight weeks of age were used to assess the effects of replacing groundnut cake (GNC) with blood vegetable waste meal (BVWM) in the diets of rabbits. The BVWM was fed to replace dietary GNC at 0, 15, 30, and 45%, with GNC being 15% in the control diet. The four experimental diets were fed ad libitum for a period of eight weeks. BVWM was analyzed to contain a crude protein value of 62.35%. There were comparable feed intake values by rabbits on all the diets although the rabbits in the higher replacement levels of BVWM tended to have consumed more of the feed. There were significant increases (P<0.05) in body weight gain by rabbits as the BVWM level increased in the diet. Similarly, the feed to gain ratio improved and nitrogen digestibility increased (P<0.05) with higher levels of BVWM in the diet. This study shows that rabbits can tolerate the 45% BVWM replacement of groundnut cake effectively.

P0919CALORIC RESTRICTION DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST THE DEVELOPMENT OF VASCULAR CALCIFICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ríos-Varo ◽  
Ángela Vidal ◽  
Ana Isabel Raya ◽  
Carmen Pineda ◽  
Ignacio López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background and Aims Vascular calcification (VC) is an important contributor to the high rate of cardiovascular mortality associated to chronic kidney disease. The inability to eliminate phosphorus (P) and the subsequent P retention promotes CV. P metabolism and uremic VC are influenced by obesity and by the caloric content of the diet. Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to have multiple beneficial effects on health, for example, CR has been reported to improve vascular health and retard vascular ageing. However, to our knowledge the effect of CR on the development of uremic VC has not been explored. We hypothesize that CR may be beneficial to prevent the development of uremic VCs. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine if rats subjected to CR were protected against VC. Method 48 Wistar rats were divided in four groups. The control diet provided Metabolizable Energy = 3.528 kcal/g and contained 0.6% Calcium (Ca) and 0.6% P. Additional diets of identical composition to the control diet but containing varying levels of Ca and P: 0.9% Ca, 0.9% P; 0.6% Ca, 1.2% P; and 0.9% Ca, 1.8% P, were also used in the experiments. Rats in Group 1 and 3 were fed 15 g/day of the control diet. Rats in Group 2 and 4 were calorie restricted and fed 10 g/day of diet with Ca/P = 0.9%/0.9%. Thus the daily P intake should be identical in the four groups. Uremia was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). After Nx rats in Group 1 and 2 were fed ad libitum a diet with 0.6% Ca and 1.2% P. While rats in Group 3 and 4 were fed ad libitum a diet with 0.9% Ca and 1.8% P. Rats were supplemented with calcitriol. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed to obtain blood samples and tissue samples (thoracic and abdominal aortas). After blood collection, plasma was separated by centrifugation and stored at –20° C until assayed. Plasma creatinine, Ca and P were measured by spectrophotometry. Energy intake was calculated based on food intake. VC was studied by histology and by measuring the tissue Ca content. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error (SE), the difference between groups was assessed by ANOVA. Fisher LSD test was used as a post-hoc procedure. p&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results Before Nx, caloric intake was significantly lower in calorie restricted rats (35.4 ± 0.1 and 35.8 ± 0.1 kcal/day) than in rats eating normal calories (52.7 ± 0.1 and 52.8 ± 0.2 kcal/day); however, P intake was almost identical in the four groups and ranged between 89.8 and 91.6 mg/day. After Nx, rats in all groups reduced food intake and, consequently, caloric intake. Thus, although the P content of the diet was increased after Nx, daily P intake was not increased in Groups 1 and 2; however, P intake was significantly increased in Groups 3 and 4 (120.9 ± 4.6 and 122.2 ± 6.2 mg/day, respectively). In all groups, rats had high plasma concentrations of creatinine and P, and low plasma concentrations of Ca. Also, all rats had elevated Ca content in the aorta. No significant differences between the study groups were found in any of these parameters (Table 1). Von Kossa staining of the aortas showed abundant mineral deposition in the four groups. Conclusion This study shows that, contrary to what was expected, CR did not prevent or ameliorate uremic calcifications.

scholarly journals Carcass traits and relative organ weights of growing rabbits fed graded levels of processed kola nut (Cola nitida) pod husks

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
S. A. Adeyeye ◽  
J. O. Agbede ◽  
V. A. Aletor ◽  
O. D. Oloruntola ◽  
S. O. Ayodele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Cola Nitida ◽  
Average Body Weight

Carcass traits and relative organ weights of growing rabbits fed graded levels of processed (ash treated and rumen liquor fermented) kola nut (Cola nitida) pod husks (PKPH) were investigated. One hundred and twenty (120) weaner rabbits of mixed breeds (New-Zealand white × Chinchilla) of equal sexes and average body weight 525.46g were randomly allotted to four (4) dietary treatments at 0 (0.00 % PKPH), 10 (10 % PKPH), 20 (20 % PKPH), and 30 % (30 % PKPH) inclusion levels and designated as diets 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Each treatment group was replicated ten (10) times with three (3) rabbits per replicate and was fed ad-libitum for 56 days. The highest slaughter weight (1813.80 g/r), dressing weight (1068.70 g/r) and dressing percentage (58.54 %) recorded in rabbits fed diet 3 (20% PKPH) were similar to those fed the control diet (0 % PKPH) and diet 2 (10% PKPH) but was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fed diet 4 (30 % PKPH). The lungs, liver, kidney, heart, and spleen of the rabbits fed dietary treatments were not significantly influenced. It was concluded that processed kolanut pod husk had no deleterious effect on carcass and relative organs weight of weaner rabbits.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF BLOOD-RUMEN CONTENT MIXTURE IN THE DIETS OF STARTER CHICKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
A. A. ADENIJI ◽  
O. O. BALOGUN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Ad Libitum

A trial with 234 day-old Olympian Black pullet chicks was conducted for a duration of eight weeks to determine the optimum level of inclusion of Blood-Rumen content Mixture (BRC) in the diet of starter chicks. Chicks were fed ad-libitum starter diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20% BRC and another 20% BRC diet containing no soya bean  cake.  Birds  on all BRC-based diets had higher body weight gains and higher feed intakes than birds on the control diet. A progressive increase  in feed: gain ratio was observed from 10%BRC to 20% BRC in the diets. The decline in the performance of chicks fed higher levels of BRC  in the diet is suggested to be due to the high crude fiber content and possible amino acid imbalance of such diets. The results of this trial shows that starter pullets should not be fed more than 10% BRC.

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