Expression of a Clostridium perfringens Type IV Pilin by Neisseria gonorrhoeae Mediates Adherence to Muscle Cells
ABSTRACTClostridium perfringensis an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that causes a range of diseases in humans, including lethal gas gangrene. We have recently shown that strains ofC. perfringensmove across the surface of agar plates by a unique type IV pilus (TFP)-mediated social motility that had not been previously described. Based on sequence homology to pilins in Gram-negative bacteria,C. perfringensappears to have two pilin subunits, PilA1 and PilA2. Structural prediction analysis indicated PilA1 is similar to the pseudopilin found inKlebsiella oxytoca, while PilA2 is more similar to true pilins found in the Gram-negative pathogensPseudomonas aeruginosaandNeisseria gonorrhoeae. Strains ofN. gonorrhoeaethat were genetically deficient in the native pilin, PilE, but supplemented with inducible expression of PilA1 and PilA2 ofC. perfringenswere constructed. Genetic competence, wild-type twitching motility, and attachment to human urogenital epithelial cells were not restored by expression of either pilin. However, attachment to mouse and rat myoblast (muscle) cell lines was observed with theN. gonorrhoeaestrain expressing PilA2. Significantly, wild-typeC. perfringenscells adhered to mouse myoblasts under anaerobic conditions, and adherence was 10-fold lower in apilTmutant that lacked functional TFP. These findings implicateC. perfringensTFP in the ability ofC. perfringensto adhere to and move along muscle fibersin vivo, which may provide a therapeutic approach to limiting this rapidly spreading and highly lethal infection.