scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of a novel point-of-care assay to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae and associated macrolide resistant mutations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Kakiuchi ◽  
Ippei Miyata ◽  
Reiji Kimura ◽  
Goh Shimomura ◽  
Kunihisa Shimomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Concordance Rate ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Quenching Probe ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The recent increase in macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) in Asia has become a continuing problem. A point-of-care testing method that can quickly detect M. pneumoniae and macrolide-resistant mutations (MR mutations) is critical to proper antimicrobial use. Smart Gene TM (MIZUHO MEDY Co., Ltd. Tosu-City, Saga, Japan) is a compact and inexpensive fully automatic gene analyzer that combines amplification with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the quenching probe method to specify the gene and MR mutations simultaneously. We performed a clinical evaluation of this device and its reagents on pediatric patients with M. pneumoniae-suspected respiratory infections and evaluated the impact of the assay on antimicrobial selection. Using real-time PCR as a comparison control, the sensitivity of Smart Gene TM was 97.8% (44/45), its specificity was 93.3% (98/105) and its overall concordance rate was 94.7% (142/150). The overall concordance rate of Smart Gene TM diagnosis of MR mutations in comparison with sequence analysis was 100% (48/48). The ratio of MR mutations was significantly higher at high-level medical institutions than at a primary medical clinic (P = 0.023), and changes in antibiotic therapy to drugs other than macrolides was significantly more common in patients with MR mutations (P = 0.00024). Smart Gene TM demonstrated excellent utility in the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae and the selection of appropriate antimicrobials for MR mutations at primary medical institutions, which play a central role in community-acquired pneumonia care. The use of this device may reduce referrals to high-level medical institutions for respiratory infections, thereby reducing the medical and economic burden on patients.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF INCIDENCE RATE OF COVID-19, ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASES, INFLUENZA AND COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN RUSSIA ACCORDING TO CLIMATE, GEOGRAFICAL ASPECTS AND POPULATION DENSITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pshenichnaya ◽  
Irina Lizinfeld ◽  
Grigory Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Background: Understanding the impact of geographical aspects and population density on the incidence rate (IR) of respiratory infections in Russia is necessary for successful control under the epidemic. Aim: to estimate the increase in IR of respiratory infections in 2020 compared to the same period of 2016-2019 Materials and methods: a retrospective study of IR of COVID-19, ARI, influenza and community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in summarily (respiratory infections and COVID-19 morbidity) in the first half of 2020 in comparison with morbidity of ARI, influenza and CAP (respiratory infections morbidity) the same period of 2016-2019 in 85 regions was performed. Additionally the influence of climate on COVID-19 morbidity were estimated. Results: The highest excess of respiratory infections and COVID-19 morbidity in 2020 versus the average respiratory infections morbidity in 2016-2019 was observed in Buryatia-107.61%; Zabaykalsky Krai -134.09%; Tuva – 166.34%; the Kaliningrad region – 1023.41%; the Republic of Altai – 1212.78%; Dagestan – 2030.27%. Buryatia, Tuva, Altai and Zabaykalsky Krai are located next to the China, and also border each other. The Kaliningrad region borders on the EU countries. Dagestan has a maritime border with 3 states, including Iran, where the epidemic COVID-19 began earlier. In 43 of the 85 regions of Russia, this excess was 10-50%; in 35 subjects varied from 50% to 100%. The correlation between the incidence of COVID-19 and the population density in the regions was weak (r=0.26). The air pollution, has also a weak relationship (r=0.26) to the incidence rate. Moderate relationship was observed between the severity of negative temperatures in winter and the level of morbidity(r=-0.51). Milder climate probably contributed to the longer persistence of the virus in the environment and social activity. Conclusion: Russian regions bordering the PRC, the EU, Central Asia and the Middle East demonstrated the highest IR of influenza, ARI, CAP and COVID-19in summarility in the first part of this year versus the morbidity of influenza, ARI, CAP in average in first half of 2016-2019. IR of COVID-19 has weak correlation with population density and air pollution and moderate negative correlation with winter temperature.

scholarly journals Results of Detecting SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pathogens of Community-Acquired Pneumonia by PCR in the Tyumen Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
I. V. Bakshtanovskaya ◽  
T. F. Stepanova ◽  
G. V. Sharukho ◽  
A. N. Letyushev ◽  
K. B. Stepanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

The aim of this work was to identify the causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia and coinfection using PCR study of biomaterial from patients.Materials and methods. PCR testing of 268 samples from 258 patients was carried out to identify RNA/DNA of viral and bacterial pathogens of respiratory infections.Results and discussion. In 43.3 % of samples SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected, in 4.5 % – RNA/DNA of acute respiratory viral infections pathogens, in one sample – DNA of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Co-infection was detected only in patients of the anti-tuberculosis dispensary (SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). In the examined patients with pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was significantly more often detected in biomaterial from the lower respiratory tract (52 %) than in respiratory smears (8.5 %). In the first week from the onset of the disease, 19.2 % of positive samples were found, in the second – 56.5 %. 

scholarly journals Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Manifestations in Hospitalized Children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2553
Author(s):  
Carlotta Biagi ◽  
Alessandra Cavallo ◽  
Alessandro Rocca ◽  
Luca Pierantoni ◽  
Davide Antonazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the main causes of both upper and lower respiratory infections in school-aged children, accounting for up to 40% of community-acquired pneumonia. Younger children are also affected, and extrapulmonary manifestations have been recently reported in the pediatric population. We carried out a retrospective analysis of MP-positive patients admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Unit of S. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital in Bologna, the largest tertiary pediatric referral center in the Emilia–Romagna region, Northern Italy, between 2012 and 2020. We identified 145 patients with MP infection (82 males and 63 females), 27% of which were younger than 2 years; the median age was 5 years (interquartile range 1–9). The clinical presentation partially differed between age groups. School-aged children were more likely to have a chest X-ray-confirmed pneumonia (p = 0.013), while younger children required oxygen therapy more often (p = 0.048). Seventy-four children (51%) showed extrapulmonary manifestations, mainly gastrointestinal (30%) and dermatological (14%). Neurological symptoms were more frequent in children older than 6 years (p = 0.006). The rate of other extrapulmonary manifestations did not differ significantly between age groups. This study shows that MP infection is a frequent cause of pediatric hospitalization, including of children younger than 2 years. Clinicians should be aware of the variable clinical expressions of MP, including extrapulmonary manifestations, to achieve a correct diagnosis and determine appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and evaluation of resistance of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae to macrolide (Erythromycin) due to mutation in the 23S rRNA gene among Iranian Patients with respiratory infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Niakan ◽  
Susan Rostampur ◽  
Reza Mirnejad ◽  
Mehrdad Halaji ◽  
Iman Pouladi
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Iranian Patients

Abstract Objective: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. The global increased resistance of M. pneumoniae strains to macrolide (ML) has become a worrisome health problem. The widespread use of these drugs has led to increased rate of reported ML-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) throughout the world. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the resistance of M. pneumoniae against erythromycin due to mutations in the 23S rRNA gene of patients with respiratory infections in Iran.Results: According to the findings of the present study, employing specific primers showed that 17 cases (17%) were positive for mycoplasma genus and 6 cases (6%) positive for M. pneumoniae species. Also, analysis of the sequence of 23S rRNA gene, revealed that one of the samples had mutations at positions A2431G and G2491A. Measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), revealed that all samples positive for M. pneumoniae with 23S rRNA gene were sensitive to erythromycin, and no ML resistance was reported.

Community-acquired pneumonia in children. The modern features

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V Sergeeva ◽  
Svetlana I Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Atypical Pathogens ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mortality Causes ◽  
High Level

Acute respiratory infections are one of the most frequent diseases among children and teenagers around the World. Pneumonia which caused by infectious agents is dangerous disease of the lower respiratory tract that can lead to the death. The continuing high level of morbidity and mortality causes the issue. The article describes the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and CAP severity indicators, also radiographic signs of CAP and modern epidemiological data. The etiological structure of CAP has age-specific peculiarities. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is leading causative agent of CAP, it causes invasive and non-invasive forms of pneumonia. The role of atypical pathogens (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae) and viruses was mentioned. The etiology of CAP may vary depending on geographic area, vaccination coverage, using antibiotics. The modern methods for identification of S. pneumoniae were itemized in the article. The own identification from blood lytA gene and cpsA gene S. pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) frequency data was presented. Among examined patients who were hospitalized in clinic SPbGPMU in 2011-2015 years attending preschool children less than 5 years of age prevailed (which accounted for 48%). The invasive form is revealed at 34% of the patients with CAP. In this group of patients course of the disease was severity, there was complications such as pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, and pleural exudation.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Bacterial Pathogens in Children and Adults Suffering from Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Khabarovsk City in 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
Vlada A. Shmуlenko ◽  
Albina P. Bondarenko ◽  
Olga E. Trotsenko ◽  
Vyacheslav B. Turkutyukov ◽  
Elena A. Bazykina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Defibrinated Sheep Blood ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
High Level

Objective. To designate the nasopharyngeal carriage of bacterial pathogens among children and adults diagnosed with recurrent respiratory diseases residing in the Khabarovsk city during a four-year period.Materials and methods. Nasopharyngeal and oral swabs obtained from 7,043 children and adults were tested using classical bacteriological methods. In order to grow “difficult-to-culture” microorganisms a columbian agar with addition of 5% defibrinated sheep blood, incubation in the atmosphere rich with CO2 (5%), bacteriological analyzer Vitek 2 Compact were used. Real-time PCR was used to confirm the identification of S. pyogenes.Results. A high level of nasopharyngeal pathogens carriage (47%) was detected. The most prevalent microorganisms were as follows: S. pneumoniae (47%), M. catarrhalis (30.4%), H. influenzaе (17.5%), S. pyogenes (5.2%). The age groups at risk were children aged 0–6 years for S. pneumoniae and children aged 7–12 years for S. pyogenes. An emerging trend it the level of nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae observed in 2018 was followed by the increase of registered incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia.Conclusion. Nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae imposes a high risk of community-acquired pneumonia and other pneumococci-associated diseases, predominantly in children.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF PARTICIPATION IN THE WORK OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS RENDERING ASSISTANCE TO PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 ON THE STUDENTS’ PROFESSIONAL SELF-IDENTIFICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
A.V. Shulmin ◽  
◽  
A.A. Gerberg ◽  
N.V. Tikhonova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Decision Tree Method ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To study the impact of participation in the work of medical institutions providing assistance to patients with COVID-19 on the professional self-identification of students. Material and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the educational institution «VSMU». Inclusion group: medical students of the 4th-6th years who took part in the work of medical teams providing assistance to patients during the period of an epidemic rise in the incidence of respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus one. The survey was conducted in the form of an anonymous questionnaire. To segment the respondents according to certain criteria, depending on their answers, the «decision tree» method was used. Results. In the course of the study, it has been found that 1.8 times more often the question «To what extent did you manage to combine your work and studies?» the answer «everything turned out well» was given by the students who indicated that they had a curator who helped them to cope with their professional adaptation difficulties. The higher the self-esteem of the personal level of knowledge and skills was, the more often students chose the answer that they were definitely not going to leave medicine and change their profession. Conclusions. Based on the survey data, one of the most significant factors influencing the adaptation and development of practical skills is the high-quality work of university teaching staff and a physician-curator. An important role in professional adaptability is played by the solution of psychoemotional problems of working students through the establishment of their close interaction with the social, pedagogical and psychological service of the university, professional training centers.

scholarly journals Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of respiratory M. pneumoniae infection in children

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
A. L. Zaplatnikov ◽  
A. A. Girina ◽  
I. D. Maykova ◽  
N. V. Karoid ◽  
I. V. Lepiseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

The article describes state-of-the-art knowledge regarding etiology, epidemiology, clinical features and diagnostic criteria for respiratory infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). It presents the characteristics of the main forms of lesions in mycoplasma infections of the respiratory tract – pharyngitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. Particular attention is paid to the differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia of pneumococcal and mycoplasma etiology. The issues of rational choice of initial etiotropic therapy for the treatment of respiratory mycoplasmosis in children are discussed.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INCIDENCE RATE OF COVID-19, ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASES, INFLUENZA AND COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN RUSSIA ACCORDING TO CLIMATE, GEOGRAFICAL ASPECTS AND POPULATION DENSITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pshenichnaya ◽  
Irina Lizinfeld ◽  
Grigory Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Background: Understanding the impact of geographical aspects and population density on the incidence rate (IR) of respiratory infections in Russia is necessary for successful control under the epidemic. Aim: to estimate the increase in IR of respiratory infections in 2020 compared to the same period of 2016-2019 Materials and methods: a retrospective study of IR of COVID-19, ARI, influenza and community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in summarily (respiratory infections and COVID-19 morbidity) in the first half of 2020 in comparison with morbidity of ARI, influenza and CAP (respiratory infections morbidity) the same period of 2016-2019 in 85 regions was performed. Additionally the influence of climate on COVID-19 morbidity were estimated. Results: The highest excess of respiratory infections and COVID-19 morbidity in 2020 versus the average respiratory infections morbidity in 2016-2019 was observed in Buryatia-107.61%; Zabaykalsky Krai -134.09%; Tuva – 166.34%; the Kaliningrad region – 1023.41%; the Republic of Altai – 1212.78%; Dagestan – 2030.27%. Buryatia, Tuva, Altai and Zabaykalsky Krai are located next to the China, and also border each other. The Kaliningrad region borders on the EU countries. Dagestan has a maritime border with 3 states, including Iran, where the epidemic COVID-19 began earlier. In 43 of the 85 regions of Russia, this excess was 10-50%; in 35 subjects varied from 50% to 100%. The correlation between the incidence of COVID-19 and the population density in the regions was weak (r=0.26). The air pollution, has also a weak relationship (r=0.26) to the incidence rate. Moderate relationship was observed between the severity of negative temperatures in winter and the level of morbidity(r=-0.51). Milder climate probably contributed to the longer persistence of the virus in the environment and social activity. Conclusion: Russian regions bordering the PRC, the EU, Central Asia and the Middle East demonstrated the highest IR of influenza, ARI, CAP and COVID-19in summarility in the first part of this year versus the morbidity of influenza, ARI, CAP in average in first half of 2016-2019. IR of COVID-19 has weak correlation with population density and air pollution and moderate negative correlation with winter temperature.

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Prescott Atkinson ◽  
William M. Geisler ◽  
Ken B. Waites
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Living Organisms

The class Mollicutes includes organisms in the genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. They are prokaryotes that lack a cell wall, and are among the smallest known living organisms in both cellular dimensions and genome sizes. At least 17 different species inhabit the mucosae of the respiratory and urogenital tracts of humans, several of which are pathogenic in a variety of clinical illnesses. Their fastidious nature and often slow growth in vitro have hampered understanding of their roles as agents of human disease. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of community acquired respiratory infections that occur endemically and epidemically worldwide in persons of all ages and ranges in severity from mild to life-threatening. Molecular-based laboratory techniques have resulted in increased understanding of the pathogenesis and epidemiology M. pneumoniae infections as well as improved means for laboratory detection. Resistance of M. pneumoniae to macrolide antimicrobials has emerged worldwide over the past several years, complicating treatment strategies. This review contains 2 figures, 1 table and 58 references Key Words: Antimicrobial Resistance, Ciliated respiratory epithelium, Community Acquired Pneumonia, Cytadherence, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Reinfections

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