scholarly journals Patterns of change in cardiovascular risks of Korean male workers: a 10-year cohort analysis using the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) 2.0 database

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e038446
Author(s):  
Hosihn Ryu ◽  
Jiyeon Jung ◽  
Jihyun Moon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
National Sample ◽  
High Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
High Fasting Glucose ◽  
Male Workers

ObjectiveHealth behaviour is one of the major determinants of cardiovascular diseases in working population. This study was tried to investigate the trend of cardiovascular health level, the relationship between continuous health behaviours, and changes in the risk of cardiovascular diseases of male workers by using a nationwide database.DesignThis study is a retrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsThe study analysed data of 57 837 male workers whose personal health examination data were continuously traced using Korea’s National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort 2.0 database.Primary outcome measuresA 10-year trend for all cardiovascular risks and change for the risks according to the consistent performance of healthy behaviours.ResultsThe results showed that the risk of being overweight (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.63, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.68) and obese (aOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.47 to 1.56) increased. The index of cardiovascular risk also increased for high fasting glucose (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.62 to 1.95) and high total cholesterol (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.60 to 1.76), respectively. The risks of high fasting glucose (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.13), high triglycerides (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.42) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.66) were increased among high-risk smokers. Similarly, the risk of high total cholesterol (aOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.58) and high triglycerides (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.85) were increased among high-risk drinkers. In addition, the increase in the risk of being overweight (aOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.65) and obese (aOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.27) were analysed among who had not consistently exercised.ConclusionsSince the pattern of change in the level of cardiovascular risk related to the continuous health behaviours of male workers was identified, the findings of the present study can be used as basic data to develop health promotion policies for the population.

scholarly journals Comparative risk assessment for the development of cardiovascular diseases in the Hungarian general and Roma population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Piko ◽  
Zsigmond Kosa ◽  
Janos Sandor ◽  
Roza Adany
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Roma Population

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, and the early identification of high risk is crucial to prevent the disease and to reduce healthcare costs. Short life expectancy and increased mortality among the Roma are generally accepted (although not indeed proven by mortality analyses) which can be partially explained by the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) among them. This study aims to elaborate on the prevalence of the most important CVD risk factors, assess the estimation of a 10-year risk of development of fatal and nonfatal CVDs based on the most used risk assessment scoring models, and to compare the Hungarian general (HG) and Roma (HR) populations. In 2018 a complex health survey was accomplished on the HG (n = 380) and HR (n = 347) populations. The prevalence of CVRS was defined and 10-year cardiovascular risk was estimated for both study populations using the following systems: Framingham Risk Score for hard coronary heart disease (FRSCHD) and for cardiovascular disease (FRSCVD), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) and Revised Pooled Cohort Equations (RPCE). After the risk scores had been calculated, the populations were divided into risk categories and all subjects were classified. For all CVD risk estimation scores, the average of the estimated risk was higher among Roma compared to the HG independently of the gender. The proportion of high-risk group in the Hungarian Roma males population was on average 1.5–3 times higher than in the general one. Among Roma females, the average risk value was higher than in the HG one. The proportion of high-risk group in the Hungarian Roma females population was on average 2–3 times higher compared to the distribution of females in the general population. Our results show that both genders in the Hungarian Roma population have a significantly higher risk for a 10-year development of cardiovascular diseases and dying from them compared to the HG one. Therefore, cardiovascular interventions should be focusing not only on reducing smoking among Roma but on improving health literacy and service provision regarding prevention, early recognition, and treatment of lipid disorders and diabetes among them.

Abstract P347: Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D, Cardiovascular Risk Markers, And Incident Myocardial Infarction In A High Risk Community Population

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeun Yang ◽  
Christopher Naugler ◽  
Lawrence de Koning
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Background: It is unclear whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, and through what biochemical pathways this could occur. We investigated the relationship between serum 25-OH vitamin D and typical cardiovascular risk markers as well as incident myocardial infarction (MI) in a large group of high-risk individuals from the community of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Methods: Calgary Laboratory Services databases were queried for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), personal healthcare number (PHN) and first available serum 25-OH vitamin D measure from patients who received an electrocardiogram or urine creatinine clearance test from 2010-2013. Data was linked by PHN to first available laboratory results for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, fasting glucose and HbA1c as well as Alberta Health Services hospital discharge data for first myocardial infarction (ICD-10: I21.1-9) occurring after 25-OH vitamin D measurement. Multiple linear and logistic regression were used to examine all associations. Results: There were 36 000-50 000 complete patient records for analysis of each of the risk markers, with a median follow-up of 8-11 months. A 30 mmol/L increase in serum 25-OH vitamin D was associated with significantly (p<0.001) lower total cholesterol (-0.07 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (-0.06 mmol/L), triglycerides (-0.14 mmol/L), fasting glucose (-0.12 mmol/L), and HbA1c (-0.13% mmol/L), but higher HDL cholesterol (+0.06 mmol/L) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, monthly hours of sun-exposure and time between measures. Among these individuals, there were 458 cases of MI occurring after 25-OH vitamin D measurement, with a median follow-up of 1 year. In a case-cohort analysis that included 2500 controls, a 30 mmol/L increase in 25-OH vitamin D was associated with a 21% (p<0.001) lower odds of MI after multivariate adjustment. This association was strongly attenuated after adjusting LDL, HDL, fasting glucose and HbA1c. Conclusion: In a high-risk group of community patients from Calgary, Alberta, Canada, higher serum 25-OH vitamin D was associated with a lower risk of MI, which was explained by changes in commonly measured cardiovascular risk markers. Further study is needed to determine whether changes in cardiovascular risk markers are causally related to changes in 25-OH vitamin D.

Cardiovascular risk estimation at the individual level

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 846-863
Author(s):  
Yvo M. Smulders ◽  
Marie-Therese Cooney ◽  
Ian Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Estimation

The absolute benefit of any measure to prevent cardiovascular disease, be it lifestyle improvement or pharmacological therapy, depends on the baseline cardiovascular risk. This risk cannot be assessed exactly, but only be estimated because many known risk determinants cannot be accounted for in existing risk scoring systems, and because the application to an individual of risk estimates derived from populations is imprecise. Several cardiovascular risk estimation methods are available, and the European Society of Cardiology has favoured the European-based Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) system as a basis for their cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines. SCORE estimates absolute 10-year cardiovascular mortality risk. In specific circumstances, estimation of relative risk, risk age, or lifetime risk may be considered. High- and very-high-risk population are defined by SCORE risks greater than 5% and greater than 10%, respectively, or by clinical conditions conferring (very) high risk, such as existing cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease. The role of additional risk information on top of the information entered in SCORE is generally limited. In particular, markers of early cardiovascular damage should be collected and interpreted with caution. Absolute cardiovascular risks in young and elderly individuals are almost always low or very high, respectively, and the options for appropriate interpretation and management of these risks are discussed.

scholarly journals A community based cross sectional study to estimate total cardiovascular risk in rural Punjab

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Bibhava Vikramaditya ◽  
Mahesh Satija ◽  
Anurag Chaudhary ◽  
Sarit Sharma ◽  
Sangeeta Girdhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading cause of non communicable deaths in India. CVD risk prediction charts by World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) are designed for implementing timely preventive measures. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of CVD risk parameters and to estimate total CVD risk among adults aged ≥40 years, using the WHO/ISH risk charts alone and also to assess the effect of the inclusion of additional criteria on CVD risk.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in fifteen villages of Ludhiana district under rural health training centre of Department of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. Desired information was obtained using WHO STEPS survey (STEP wise approach to surveillance) from 324 adults aged ≥40 years. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory measurements were also performed. WHO/ISH risk prediction chart for South East Asian region (SEAR-D) was used to assess the cardiovascular risk among the subjects.Results: WHO/ISH risk prediction charts identified 16.0% of the subjects with high risk (≥20%) of developing a cardiovascular event. The study population showed higher prevalence of physical inactivity, obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension and diabetes. Amongst high risk CVD group, maximum prevalence was of hypertension and high perceived stress level. However, the proportion of high CVD risk (≥20%) increased to 33.6% when subjects with blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg and /or on hypertension medication were added as high risk.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of this community is at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract P057: Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer Incidences Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Profile: Results from MATISS Italian Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smona C Ursu ◽  
Luigi Palmieri ◽  
Simona Giampaoli ◽  
Fabio Pannozzo ◽  
Cinzia Lo Noce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
High Risk Cancer

Background: Individuals with low levels of cardiovascular risk factors experience low incidence of subsequent cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aims of this study were to assess cancer incidence in people with favorable (low) CVD risk profile and its association with educational level (EL). Methods: The MATISS longitudinal cohort comprised 3609 men and 4146 women aged 20-70 years, free of CVD and cancer at baseline with validated non-fatal and fatal CVD and cancer events during a median 17.7 years of follow-up. People at baseline were classified as ‘low risk’ with total cholesterol <240 mg/dl and blood pressure <140/90 mmHg and BMI <30.0 kg/m 2 and no hypertension treatment and no diabetes and no smoking habit and ‘high risk’ (total cholesterol >=240mg/dl or blood pressure >=140/90 mmHg or BMI >=30.0 kg/m 2 or hypertension treatment, diabetes, smoking). EL was classified as low (LEL=elementary school) and middle-high (MHEL=middle/high school/university). Results: 724 cancer and 571 CVD events occurred; 22.7% of participants were ‘low risk’; 77.3% were ‘high risk; 61.5% had LEL. Cancer and CVD incidences increased with age; age-adjusted cancer and CVD incidence were higher in men compared to women (cancer: 68.92 versus 48.95 x 10,000 person-years; CVD: 64.18 versus 29.5 x 10,000 person-years). Incidences of cancer and CVD were higher in LEL (cancer: 83.22 versus 50.35 x 10,000 person-years in men and 51.67 versus 33.59 x 10,000 person-years in women; CVD: 70.07 versus 64.84 x 10,000 person-years in men and 30.72 versus 17.89 x 10,000 person-years in women). Persons with ‘low risk’ profile experienced less cancers and CVD than persons with ‘high risk (cancer: 37.66 versus 72.3 x 10,000 person-years in men and 39.57 versus 50.07 x 10,000 person-years in women; CVD: 18.49 versus 69.75 per 10,000 person-years in men and 20.34 versus 30.7 x 10,000 person-years in women). In analysis by risk profile and EL considered together for both genders rates of both CVD and cancer were highest in those with less education classified as high risk (cancer: 85.2 versus 56.13 x 10,000 person-years in men and 50.97 versus 35.12 x 10,000 person-years in women; CVD: 74.58 versus 69.06 per 10,000 person-years in men and 30.87 versus 22.69 x 10,000 person-years in women). Conclusions: Increasing educational levels and prevalence of low CVD risk profile in the general population may be effective strategies for population-wide CVD and cancer prevention.

Cardiovascular risk estimation at the individual level

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 846-863
Author(s):  
Yvo M. Smulders ◽  
Marie-Therese Cooney ◽  
Ian Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Estimation

The absolute benefit of any measure to prevent cardiovascular disease, be it lifestyle improvement or pharmacological therapy, depends on the baseline cardiovascular risk. This risk cannot be assessed exactly, but only be estimated because many known risk determinants cannot be accounted for in existing risk scoring systems, and because the occurrence of cardiovascular disease is likely to depend not just on pre-existing risk factors, but also on chance. Several cardiovascular risk estimation methods are available, and the European Society of Cardiology has favoured the European-based Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) system as a basis for their cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines. SCORE estimates absolute 10-year cardiovascular mortality risk. In specific circumstances, estimation of relative risk, risk age, or lifetime risk may be considered. High- and very-high-risk population are defined by SCORE risks greater than 5% and greater than 10%, respectively, or by clinical conditions conferring high risk, such as existing cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease. The role of additional risk information on top of the information entered in SCORE is generally limited. In particular, markers of early cardiovascular damage should be collected and interpreted with caution. Absolute cardiovascular risks in young and elderly individuals are almost always low or very high, respectively, and the options for appropriate interpretation of these risks are discussed.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Diseases and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Relationship and Pathogenetic Aspects of Pharmacotherapy

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-888
Author(s):  
A. V. Nelidova ◽  
M. A. Livzan ◽  
N. A. Nikolaev ◽  
T. S. Krolevets
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular risk is currently one of the actively studied areas. The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty  liver disease continues to grow worldwide. In the structure of mortality rate of patients with non-alcoholic fatty  liver disease,  the first place is occupied by cardiovascular events: stroke and myocardial infarction. Studies have shown that the presence of severe liver fibrosis (F3-4) in NAFLD not only increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but also increases the risk  of  overall  mortality  by  69%  due  to mortality from cardiovascular causes. The degree of increased risk is associated with the degree of activity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Despite the large number of works on this topic, we do not have a clear opinion on the impact on cardiovascular risk, interaction and the contribution of various factors, as well as algorithms for managing patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This article describes the pathogenetic factors of formation of cardiovascular risks in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, proposed the idea of stratification of cardiovascular risks in these patients, taking into account changes in the structure of the liver (fibrosis) and function (clinical and biochemical activity) and also it describes the main directions of drug therapy, taking into account the common pathogenetic mechanisms for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. The role of obesity, local fat depots, adipokines, and endothelial dysfunction as the leading pathogenetic factors of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with NAFLD is discussed. Among pathogenetically justified drugs in conditions of poly and comorbidity, hypolipidemic (statins, fibrates), angiotensin II receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, etc. can be considered. According to numerous studies, it becomes obvious that the assessment of cardiovascular risks in patients with NAFLD will probably allow prescribing cardiological drugs, selecting individualized therapy regimens, taking into account the form of NAFLD, and on the other hand, building curation taking into account the identified cardiovascular risks.

scholarly journals CARDIOVASCULAR RISK KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR ASSESSMENT AND FORECAST OF STATES

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
M.V. Petryaeva ◽  
◽  
E.A. Shalfeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
New Models ◽  
Software Services ◽  
Risk Knowledge

As part of the process of informatization of health care for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, it is advisable to create software services to support a doctor in the process of identification and assess-ment of cardiovascular risk factors that can be integrated with the system of electronic medical rec-ords. Such services provide support based on formalized knowledge. A knowledge base of various scales and models for determining and assessing cardiovascular risks has been created. It includes the description of the main predictive scales and models widely used in Russia and abroad, as well as new models of higher predictive accuracy.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
O. D. Ostroumova ◽  
I. V. Goloborodova ◽  
V. М. Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Cardiovascular diseases remain leading cause of high mortality in diabetes patients. The article is focused on the influence of diabetes on cardiovascular risks. The prevalence presented, as the significance of the main and additional risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in the development of macrovascular complications in diabetes. In the context of influence on cardiovascular risks, modern glucose lowering drugs are considered, the safety and efficacy properties. Advantages of dapagliflozin underscored, the novel oral drug of new generation, with safe and prominent antidiabetic effect and ability to correct the main factors of cardiovascular risk (obesity, hypertension).

scholarly journals Modern content and improvement of high cardiovascular risk strategy in reducing mortality from cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Boytsov ◽  
Oksana M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Medical Information System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Elective Surgical Procedures

The article describes the modern content of the high-risk strategy, which, along with the population strategy, forms the basis of a set of measures to reduce mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The high cardiovascular risk strategy is carried out at the individual level in outpatient structures as a part of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and is also implemented in hospitals when performing elective surgical procedures, including high-tech interventions. Improving this strategy within the framework of primary health care involves the development of a system of high-risk offices, telemedicine consulting, remote monitoring of physiological parameters on the basis of a regional medical information system, and in the future, on the basis of a uniform vertically integrated medical information system. The development of the high-risk strategy as a part of inpatient practice occurs through the further replication of high technologies and the implementation of new types of them.

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