Occupational physical activity and cardiovascular disease in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106948
Author(s):  
Tyler D. Quinn ◽  
Patrick L. Yorio ◽  
Peter M. Smith ◽  
Yongsuk Seo ◽  
Geoffrey P. Whitfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupational Activity ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Never Smokers

BackgroundEmerging evidence, predominately from European and Asian countries, describes opposing effects of occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on cardiovascular health. This analysis examined cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence associated with OPA and LTPA.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis of 2015 National Health Interview Survey data (n=16 974) employed logistic regression to estimate odds (OR) of self-reported CVD (coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke or angina) with self-reported total occupational activity (TOA), occupational exertion (OE), occupational standing and walking (OSW) and LTPA. OPA was measured using two questions: ‘How often does your job involve…’ (1) ‘repeated lifting, pushing, pulling or bending?’ (OE) and (2) ‘standing or walking around?’ (OSW) with responses on a 5-item Likert scale (0=never, 4=always). TOA was categorised similarly after summing OE and OSW scores. LTPA was defined as 0, 1–149 or ≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous activity. All models adjusted for common socioeconomic variables and additional analyses were stratified by sex, smoking status and LTPA.ResultsOdds for CVD were higher when ‘always’ performing TOA (OR 1.99 95% CI 1.12 to 3.53), OE (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.19) or OSW (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.17) compared with ‘never’. When restricting to never-smokers, odds for CVD were higher when ‘always’ performing TOA (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.38 to 6.51) and OE (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.80 to 5.02) versus ‘never’.ConclusionAssociations of high OPA with CVD were equally apparent across sexes, stronger in lower LTPA levels and stronger in never-smokers. While uncontrolled confounding is still possible, even after extensive adjustment, the seemingly paradoxical adverse associations with OPA and CVD should be investigated further.

scholarly journals Tree‐Based Machine Learning to Identify and Understand Major Determinants for Stroke at the Neighborhood Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangyuan Hu ◽  
Bian Liu ◽  
Jiayi Ji ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Background Stroke is a major cardiovascular disease that causes significant health and economic burden in the United States. Neighborhood community‐based interventions have been shown to be both effective and cost‐effective in preventing cardiovascular disease. There is a dearth of robust studies identifying the key determinants of cardiovascular disease and the underlying effect mechanisms at the neighborhood level. We aim to contribute to the evidence base for neighborhood cardiovascular health research. Methods and Results We created a new neighborhood health data set at the census tract level by integrating 4 types of potential predictors, including unhealthy behaviors, prevention measures, sociodemographic factors, and environmental measures from multiple data sources. We used 4 tree‐based machine learning techniques to identify the most critical neighborhood‐level factors in predicting the neighborhood‐level prevalence of stroke, and compared their predictive performance for variable selection. We further quantified the effects of the identified determinants on stroke prevalence using a Bayesian linear regression model. Of the 5 most important predictors identified by our method, higher prevalence of low physical activity, larger share of older adults, higher percentage of non‐Hispanic Black people, and higher ozone levels were associated with higher prevalence of stroke at the neighborhood level. Higher median household income was linked to lower prevalence. The most important interaction term showed an exacerbated adverse effect of aging and low physical activity on the neighborhood‐level prevalence of stroke. Conclusions Tree‐based machine learning provides insights into underlying drivers of neighborhood cardiovascular health by discovering the most important determinants from a wide range of factors in an agnostic, data‐driven, and reproducible way. The identified major determinants and the interactive mechanism can be used to prioritize and allocate resources to optimize community‐level interventions for stroke prevention.

scholarly journals Domain-specific physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness among the working population: Findings from the cross-sectional German Health Interview and Examination Survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e034610
Author(s):  
Johannes Zeiher ◽  
Maurice Duch ◽  
Lars E Kroll ◽  
Gert B M Mensink ◽  
Jonas D Finger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Domain Specific

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate associations between occupational physical activity patterns (physical work demands linked to job title) and leisure time physical activity (assessed by questionnaire) with cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed by exercise test) among men and women in the German working population.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingTwo-stage cluster-randomised general population sample selected from population registries of 180 nationally distributed sample points. Information was collected from 2008 to 2011.Participants1296 women and 1199 men aged 18–64 from the resident working population.Outcome measureEstimated low maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max), defined as first and second sex-specific quintile, assessed by a standardised, submaximal cycle ergometer test.ResultsLow estimatedV˙O2maxwas strongly linked to low leisure time physical activity, but not occupational physical activity. The association of domain-specific physical activity patterns with lowV˙O2maxvaried by sex: women doing no leisure time physical activity with high occupational physical activity levels were more likely to have lowV˙O2max(OR 6.54; 95% CI 2.98 to 14.3) compared with women with ≥2 hours of leisure time physical activity and high occupational physical activity. Men with no leisure time physical activity and low occupational physical activity had the highest odds of lowV˙O2max(OR 4.37; 95% CI 2.02 to 9.47).ConclusionThere was a strong association between patterns of leisure time and occupational physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness within the adult working population in Germany. Women doing no leisure time physical activity were likely to have poor cardiorespiratory fitness, especially if they worked in physically demanding jobs. However, further investigation is needed to understand the relationships between activity and fitness in different domains. Current guidelines do not distinguish between activity during work and leisure time, so specifying leisure time recommendations by occupational physical activity level should be considered.

scholarly journals The Impact of Retirement on Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. e367-e377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baowen Xue ◽  
Jenny Head ◽  
Anne McMunn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Objectives People are now spending longer in retirement than ever before and retirement has been found to influence health. This study systematically reviewed the impact of retirement on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors (metabolic risk factors, blood biomarkers, physical activity, smoking, drinking, and diet). Research Design and Methods Longitudinal studies published in Medline, Embase, Social Science Citation Index, PsycINFO, and Social Policy and Practice were searched. No language restrictions were applied if there was an English abstract. Eighty-two longitudinal studies were included after critical appraisals. Results Studies in the United States often found no significant effect of retirement on CVD, while studies in European countries, except France, showed a detrimental effect of retirement on CVD. Results from the United States and several European countries consistently show that retirement increase adiposity measures among those retired from physically demanding jobs. For diabetes and hypertension, five out of nine studies suggest no effect of retirement. Retirement has been repeatedly linked to increasing leisure-time physical activity but may reduce work- and transport-related physical activity in turn. Most studies showed that retirement either decreased smoking or had no effect on smoking. The evidence did not show a clear conclusion on drinking. Only a few studies have assessed the impact on diet and blood biomarkers. Discussion and Implications Effect of retirement varies according to the health outcomes studied and country of the study population. Policy concerning extending the retirement age needs to focus on ensuring they are suited to the individual.

scholarly journals Associations between dietary patterns, physical activity (leisure-time and occupational) and television viewing in middle-aged French adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 902-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Charreire ◽  
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot ◽  
Sandrine Bertrais ◽  
Chantal Simon ◽  
Basile Chaix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional

Diet and physical activity are considered to be major components of a healthy lifestyle. However, few studies have examined in detail the relationships between specific types of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diet in adults. The objective of the present study was to assess differential relationships between dietary patterns, leisure-time and occupational physical activities and time spent watching television (TV), as an indicator of sedentary behaviour, in middle-aged French subjects. We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from 1359 participants in the SUpplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants study, who completed a detailed physical activity questionnaire and at least six 24 h dietary records. Sex-specific dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis; their relationships with leisure-time and occupational physical activities and TV viewing were assessed using ANCOVA, after adjustment for age, educational level and smoking status. Three dietary patterns were identified in each sex. After adjustment for potential confounders, leisure-time physical activity was positively associated with a ‘healthy’ food pattern in both men (P for trend < 0·01) and women (P for trend < 0·03) and negatively associated with an ‘alcohol/meat’ pattern in men (P for trend < 0·01). TV viewing was positively associated with a ‘convenience’ pattern in men and with a ‘alcohol-appetiser’ pattern in women. In conclusion, identification of relationships between dietary patterns, physical activity and sedentary behaviour can enable identification of different types of lifestyle and should help to target at-risk groups in nutrition prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Association between occupational physical activity and quantitative bone ultrasound in sawmill workers

Sigurnost ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-372
Author(s):  
Selma Cvijetić ◽  
Milica Gomzi ◽  
Jelena Macan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Occupational Activity ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sawmill Workers

A small number of studies have examined the relationship between bone health and level of physical load. We explored the effect of occupational physical activity on skeletal status in younger sawmill workers using ultrasonic indices of bone density. In a cross-sectional study, we measured bone density with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in 128 sawmill workers (89 men and 39 women), mean age 39.1 +/- 10.8 years. Back strength was measured by dynamometry. Information on occupational and leisure physical activity, joint pain, education and smoking were obtained with the questionnaire. All QUS bone parameters and back strength were significantly higher in men than in women. A T score for quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) of − 2.2 or lower was found only in two men and one women. QUI did not significantly differ based on presence of parameters of physical occupational activity (carrying loads exceeding 5 kg, repetitive movements, physical exertion while working and non-sitting position at work). When controlling for age, gender and body mass index, participants with higher smoking index had significantly lower QUI (p=0.004). Physical workload was not significantly associated with QUI. In our working population, some lifestyle habits, such as smoking, had a greater impact on bone health than physical occupational activity.

scholarly journals Association of Social Networks and Physical Activity in South Asians: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitali S. Thanawala ◽  
Juned Siddique ◽  
John A. Schneider ◽  
Alka M. Kanaya ◽  
Andrew J. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in physical activity remains a challenge in the United States. South Asian immigrants in the United States have particularly low physical activity levels, and evidence suggests that social context may be important. This study examined associations between personal social networks and moderate to vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA) among South Asians in the United States. Methods: We used cross-sectional data (2014–2017) from 689 South Asians (aged 43–85 y) who participated in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study. Self-reported physical activity and egocentric network data were collected from participants about their network members. Regression models were used to determine associations between social network characteristics and participants’ MVPA. Results: Participants were on average 59 years old (SD = 9) and reported 1335 metabolic equivalent minutes per week of MVPA (interquartile range = 735, 2212). Having network members who exercised or who were exercise partners associated with increased MVPA in men (β coefficient = 241 MET min/wk [95% confidence interval, 63 to 419] and β = 520 MET min/wk [95% confidence interval, 322 to 718], respectively). For women, the association was only significant if the exercise partner was a spouse. Conclusion: Physical activity interventions utilizing network members as exercise partners may have potential in South Asians but must consider gender differences.

Abstract 16562: Association of County-Level Social Vulnerability Index and Cardiovascular Disease in the United States, 1999-2018

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin R Youmans ◽  
Megan E McCabe ◽  
Clyde W Yancy ◽  
Lucia Petito ◽  
Kiarri N Kershaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
County Level ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Introduction: Social determinants of health are multi-dimensional and span various interrelated domains. In order to inform community-engaged clinical and policy efforts, we sought to examine the association between a national social vulnerability index (SVI) and age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) of CVD. Hypothesis: Higher county-level SVI or greater vulnerability will be associated with higher AAMR of CVD between 1999-2018 in the United States. Methods: In this serial, cross-sectional analysis, we queried CDC WONDER for age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population for cardiovascular disease (I00-78) at the county-level between 1999-2018. We quantified the association of county-level SVI and CVD AAMR using Spearman correlation coefficients and examined trends in CVD AAMR stratified by median SVI at the county-level. Finally, we performed geospatial county-level analysis stratified by combined median SVI and CVD AAMR (high/high, high/low, low/high, and low/low). Results: We included data from 2766 counties (representing 95% of counties in the US) with median SVI 0.53 (IQR 0.28, 0.76). Overall SVI and the household and socioeconomic subcomponents were strongly correlated with 2018 CVD AAMR (0.47, 0.50, and 0.56, respectively with p<0.001 for all). CVD mortality declined between 1999-2011 and was stagnant between 2011-2018 with similar patterns in high and low SVI counties (FIGURE). Counties with high SVI and CVD AAMR were clustered in the South and Midwest (n=977, 35%). Conclusion: County-level social vulnerability is associated with higher CVD mortality. High SVI and CVD AAMR coexist in more than 1 in 3 US counties and have persisted over the past 2 decades. Identifying counties that are disproportionately vulnerable may inform targeted and community-based strategies to equitably improve cardiovascular health across the country.

Abstract P216: Prevalence of Life’s Simple Seven Cardiovascular Health Metrics in the Million Veteran Program

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan-Mai T Nguyen ◽  
Rachel M Quaden ◽  
Rebecca J Song ◽  
Yuk-Lam Ho ◽  
Kelly Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Us Veterans

Background: While previous studies have reported the prevalence of Life’s Simple Seven (LSS) in the general population, no data exist in a national sample of US veterans. Objective: To assess the prevalence of ideal LSS in a cross-sectional study of 500,000 US Veterans participating in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) from 2011-2016. Methods: We assigned one of three possible values (0=poor, 1=intermediate, 2=ideal) for each of the seven LSS metrics (adiposity /BMI), smoking status, total cholesterol, blood pressure, plasma glucose, diet, physical activity) at baseline using self-reported data and electronic health records. A total score of 0 across all seven metrics indicated overall poor cardiovascular health and a score of 14 indicated ideal cardiovascular health. Results: Complete data on all LSS factors were available for 171,146 Veterans (92% men and mean age 65.5yrs ±11.5 SD). Average LSS score was 6.1 ±1.9. Ideal BMI, smoking status, total cholesterol, blood pressure and plasma glucose (fasting and non-fasting) was present in 23.8%, 30%, 22.2%, 22.5% and 42.9%, respectively, in the study population (Fig). Prevalence of ideal diet was 0.4%. Among dietary factors, recommendation for fruits and vegetables (at least 4.5cups/day) was the least likely to be achieved. Physical activity at the workplace, home or at leisure was reported among 25.6% of Veterans (21.8% intermediate and 3.8% ideal physical activity). Conclusions: Our data show a low prevalence of ideal LSS among Veterans in the MVP, especially diet (0.4%) and physical activity (3.8%). Compared to NHANES 2005-2006 unadjusted prevalence estimates for AHA 2020 goals, Veterans in MVP have a lower prevalence of all ideal LSS metrics except for diet: BMI (23.8 vs 33%), physical activity (3.8 vs 45%), smoking status (30 vs 73%), total cholesterol (22.2 vs 45%) blood pressure (22.5 vs 42%) and glucose (42.9 vs 58%). These findings underscore the need to improve adherence to modifiable lifestyle factors with subsequent reduction in CVD burden among Veterans.

Abstract P114: Low Prevalence of Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Djousse ◽  
Andrew Petrone ◽  
Chad Blackshear ◽  
Michael Griswold ◽  
Jane Harman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Heart Study

Background: While the prevalence of cardiovascular health metrics or Life’s Simple Seven (LSS) has been shown to be far from optimal in the US, such information has been predominantly reported in Caucasians. The burden of cardiovascular disease among African Americans underscores the need to evaluate the prevalence and secular trends of LSS in other ethnic groups. Objective: To test the hypothesis that the prevalence of the LSS is far from ideal among participants of the Jackson Heart Study. Methods: We analyzed LSS with 3,500 African Americans from the Jackson Heart Study, using data from their first clinic visit (2000-2004). Standard methods were used to measure blood pressure, glucose, body mass index (BMI), and cholesterol. Information on physical activity, smoking, and diet was collected with interviewer-administered questionnaires. Each of the LSS metrics (smoking status, diet, physical activity, BMI, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and blood pressure) was categorized as poor, intermediate, or ideal, as defined by the AHA guidelines. Results: The mean age at baseline was 56.9 ± 12.2 years and 2,350 participants (67%) were women. Among men, the prevalence of having 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics was 6.6%, 25.8%, 32.7%, 21.6%, 10.6%, 2.3%, 0.4%, and 0%, respectively. Corresponding values for women were 3.2%, 28.1%, 32.9%, 22.3%, 10.1%, 2.9%, 0.38%, and 0%. While about two-thirds of men and women reported ideal smoking status, almost none reported ideal diet quality, and few met recommendations for BMI and blood pressure ( Figure) . Conclusions: Our data are consistent with less than optimal prevalence of cardiovascular health metrics in both men and women from the Jackson Heart Study. The lower prevalence of meeting ideal recommendations for diet, physical activity, BMI, and blood pressure underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve these modifiable lifestyle factors in order to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease among African-Americans.

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