Fungi and diseases — natural components of healthy forestsThis article is one of a collection of papers based on a presentation from the Stem and Shoot Fungal Pathogens and Parasitic Plants: the Values of Biological Diversity session of the XXII International Union of Forestry Research Organization World Congress meeting held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, in 2005.

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Ostry ◽  
G. Laflamme
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Many ◽  
Native Fungi

Forest health is described and perceived in different ways by the general public, land owners, managers, politicians, and scientists, depending on their values and objectives. Native tree pathogens and diseases are often associated with negative impacts even though damage is limited or not widespread. Too often, the concepts of tree health and forest health are used interchangeably and are not related to scale. Similar to fire, occurrences of disease outbreaks focus on the negative effects. However, native pathogens often exist in equilibrium with natural forest communities so their critical ecological roles are not easily discernible. Examined holistically, native fungi and diseases, dead and dying trees, and the many complex ecological interactions among them provide valuable benefits that ultimately contribute to sustainable, healthy forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Dampak Masuknya Turis Asing Terhadap Budaya Asli Masyarakat Sekitar Lokasi Pantai Lakey Desa Hu’u Kabupaten Dompu

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Mintassrihardi Mintassrihardi ◽  
Selva Selva ◽  
Nurlaila Fitriyah
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Business World ◽  
The People ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to describe the impact of foreign culture on the indigenous culture of the community around the Lakey beach location in terms of the positive and negative effects of foreign cultures around Lakey beach in Hu’u village, Dompu district. This study uses a type of qualitative data, the data in this study are in the form of words and actions obtained by observation, interviews and documentation. The main instrument in this study is data assisted by observation, documentation and interview guidelines. The research aids used are in the form of digital cameras and writing equipment. The validity of the data is obtained by triangulation techniques. The data analysis technique used is descriptive. Steps for analyzing data by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of this study show that 1) Westernized lifestyle tradition is one of them is a way of dressing that is not polite for women such as wearing pants or short skirts and clothes that cannot cover all bodies and some even wear a bikini (underwear only). They do not feel uncomfortable or ashamed of the opposite sex when they wear short clothing or do not cover their entire body. This is considered normal for them so they feel unafraid of the effects of short dressing. 2) Still adopting a consumptive lifestyle, some people still waste money just to do negative things like binge drinking when there are certain events, they are not reluctant to spend a lot of money just to get drunk. Not only to buy liquor they also often buy non-essential needs such as buying clothes that are quite expensive only to spend money. 3) The presence of foreign tourists also results in social inequality, in general, the people are picky about their associations, making the poor feel inferior to the more capable people. According to the Lakey beach community's response that some of the people who have capital or wealth are more likely to reduce associations with the less fortunate because they are considered less experienced in the business world. Until now there has also been no government intervention in responding to this. 4) But of the many negative impacts described by the Lakey community there is also a positive impact felt by the community, namely the creation of jobs and others. In this study many people complained of the impact of foreign cultures, so that people were worried about extinction of their own indigenous cultural values.

The Nagoya Protocol and Access and Benefit Sharing regulations of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its impacts on botanic gardens' collections and research.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (034) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kiehn
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Access And Benefit Sharing ◽  
Nagoya Protocol ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Many ◽  
Commercial Research

Abstract At its 10th meeting in 2010, the Conference of the Parties of the CBD adopted the 'Nagoya Protocol (NP) on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilisation' which entered into force on 12 October 2014. Currently, the NP has been adopted by 129 parties, including the EU. This article reviews information retrieved from a variety of different sources dealing with the implications of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) regulations, including the NP, for biological collections, especially regarding material accession, conservation and research in botanic gardens. Problems encountered with adhering to ABS regulations and the NP include the following: increasing bureaucratic and administrative burdens arising from the many different ABS-related regulations at the national level; difficulties in identifying and engaging with national authorities designated as competent signatories for the NP in user and provider countries; and problems arising from ambivalent and inconsistent use of terms in the NP and in national ABS legislation. The authors encourage parties to fulfil the CBD requirement for 'simplified measures on access for non-commercial research purposes' and point out that NP-related impediments to conservation (and fundamental research) will have negative impacts on human development and biodiversity.

scholarly journals First Report on Chronic Effects of Non-Microcystin Producing Cyanobacteria, Cylindrospermopsis curvispora and Planktothrix sp., on Daphnia magna

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Son Dao ◽  
Thi-My-Chi Vo ◽  
Thanh-Luu Pham
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
First Report ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Negative Impacts

<p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Cyanobacteria are an essential part of aquatic ecosystems. However, they can cause detrimental impacts on other organisms of higher tropic levels in water bodies because of their potent toxic metabolites (e.g. microcystin) and other bioactive compounds. In this study we tested the long-term and negative effects of two non-microcystin producing cyanobacteria <em>Cylindrospermopsis curvispora</em> and <em>Planktothrix</em> sp. from Vietnam on <em>Daphnia magna</em> under the laboratory conditions. The animal was fed with mixtures of green alga, <em>Scenedesmus</em> sp., and <em>C. curvispora</em> or <em>Planktothrix</em> sp. at different ratios (100 % <em>Scenedesmus, </em>10 % cyanobacteria + 90 % <em>Scenedesmus</em>, 50 % cyanobacteria + 50 % <em>Scenedesmus</em>, 100 % cyanobacteria) over a period of 21days. The results showed that the <em>D. magna</em> fed with from 10 to 100 % cyanobacteria reduced their survival with density dependence, delayed or postponed its maturation. Besides, the cyanobacteria also inhibited the reproduction of adult <em>D. magna</em> consequently strongly prevent the next population development of <em>D. magna</em>. The species <em>C. curvispora</em> had stronger effect on survival, but less impact on maturation and reproduction of <em>D. magna</em> than <em>Planktothrix</em> sp, negatively. To our knowledge, this is the first report on negative effects of <em>C. curvispora</em> and <em>Planktothrix</em> sp. from Vietnam on life history traits of <em>D. magna</em>. Additionally, our results revealed that even non-microcystin producing cyanobacteria at low density could also have negative impacts on zooplankton consequently ecological balance interference. In situ investigations on the effects of cyanobacteria on zooplankton are suggested for more understanding on the ecological interactions of the two trophic levels of aquatic ecosystem.</span></p>

scholarly journals DAMPAK POSITIF DAN NEGATIF SOSIAL MEDIA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK ANAK (Studi Kasus di SMP Negeri 2 Kelas VIII Banda Aceh)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Nisa Khairuni
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Media ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Many ◽  
Banda Aceh

The author examines the positive and negative effects of social media on the moral education of children in school SMPN 2 class VIII Banda Aceh, it is very interesting because of the many children who abuse social media. This work analyzes about the use of social media that have an impact on the moral education of children. The data collected in this study through the work of other literature, researchers also interviewed principals and students as many as 16 students as well as the observation at the school. Based on the analysis that has been done it can be seen the positive and negative impacts of the use of social media to the moral education of children. The positive impact on the social development of the media on moral education of children among children can adapt, socialize with the public and manage a network of friends, and make children easier to accomplish these tasks, while the negative impact of the development of social media to the moral education of children very much of them can make the omission in children so that children are less disciplined and be lazy, makes children easy to cheat the works of others, disrespectful both in dress and speech, often quarrel due to scenes that are as dangerous as scenes of pornography, violence, wars and so forth , as well as making children miss school because they feel more comfortable in the cafe of the study at the school, not only that social media also makes children spend pocket money a child so that the child took the money her parents secretly to access the internet cafe. Therefore, social media can lead education of children.

Effects of Cigarette Smoking in Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Lan Chan
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Many ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
Health Canada

First-hand cigarette smoking is known to result in adverse health effects in adults, influencing wellbeing physically and mentally. The most prevalent physical consequences are cardiovascular diseases, cancer of the throat and oral cavities, diseases of the bowel, eye, respiratory system, and reproductive system. Arguably, direct effects of tobacco smoking have been said to affect mental aspects of wellbeing such as depression, mood, and anxiety disorders. Undoubtedly smoking comes with many negative effects, but with implementation of smoking cessation strategies, it is possible to strengthen the overall health and wellbeing of smokers. As such, Health Canada recognizes the many health benefits associated with smoking cessation, by delivering health-promoting campaigns that strongly urge, it is not too late to quit.  

Future Directions

2020 ◽  
pp. 476-479
Author(s):  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
Kyle A. Faust ◽  
David Faust
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Disease ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Mental Health Treatments ◽  
The Many

As digital technology development continues to expand, both its positive and negative applications have also grown. As such, it is essential to continue gathering data on the many types of digital technologies, their overall effects, and their impact on public health. The World Health Organization’s inclusion of Gaming Disorder in the eleventh edition of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) indicates that some of the problematic effects of gaming are similar to those of substance-use disorders and gambling. Certain behaviors easily engaged in via the internet may also lead to compulsive levels of use in certain users, such as shopping or pornography use. In contrast, digital technologies can also lead to improvements in and wider accessibility to mental health treatments. Furthermore, various types of digital technologies can also lead to benefits such as increased productivity or social functioning. By more effectively understanding the impacts of all types of digital technologies, we can aim to maximize their benefits while minimizing or preventing their negative impacts.

scholarly journals Social validity of a contextual behavioral science-based intervention for retirement education

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Martins Barbosa ◽  
Sheila Giardini Murta
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Social Validity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Dynamic Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Contextual Behavioral Science

AbstractThe literature shows that retirement can bring both positive and negative effects. However, there are few tested interventions for preparing workers for this transition and avoiding or minimizing its negative impacts. This paper presents a study with multiple groups that examined the social validity of an intervention for retirement education grounded in contextual behavioral science and acceptance and commitment therapy. Twenty-seven workers aged 29 to 65 divided into three intervention groups participated (group 1, N = 15; group 2, N = 9; group 3, N = 3). According to the participants’ evaluations, the intervention provided socially valid goals, socially acceptable procedures, and socially important effects. However, some improvements are still needed, such as the use of more dynamic methods, better formatted printed material, and increased fidelity between the content’s implementation and the prescribed activities. The positive results indicate that contextual behavioral science may bolster the development of interventions whose components possess evidence for their social validity. The further evaluation of the intervention via a clinical trial study will offer more robust evidence for its effectiveness. It is hoped that by increasing the availability of theory-based interventions in this area, the present study will promote valid strategies to facilitate better adjustment to retirement.

scholarly journals 88 Benefits of increasing amino acid intake in late gestation in prolific sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Ron Ball ◽  
Crystal L Levesque ◽  
D J Cadogan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
The Many

Abstract Most sows are fed a constant energy and amino acid supply throughout gestation, in line with the recommendations of most authorities and swine genetic companies. These recommendations for sow feeding have seen little change in decades, despite the many ways that sows have changed dramatically in reproductive performance. Beginning in about the year 2000, sow litter size has steadily increased as a result of genetic selection. With this increase in litter number has been a steady decline in birth weight, and the resulting negative effects of lower birthweight on subsequent piglet performance. Many experiments using so-called ‘bump’ feeding, or increased energy intake in late gestation, have been conducted in attempts to arrest this decline in birthweight and piglet performance. Generally, these experiments have shown little to no improvement in birthweight and often have negative effects on sow feed intake during gestation. These experiments have ignored the fact that the energy:amino acid ratios (lysine, threonine, isoleucine, tryptophan) in late gestation are different than during early and mid-gestation. In recent research in Australia we hypothesised that rapidly increasing essential amino acid levels in late gestation would increase birth weight and potentially improve subsequent reproductive performance. Three hundred and thirty-four multiparous PIC sows (average parity 3.6, average LW 261 kg) were housed in a dynamic gestation pen after mating and randomly assigned to one of two diet regimes. Two 13.5 MJ/kg DE gestation diets were formulated and created by blending in an ESF. The Control diet contained 0.48 g SID lysine per MJ DE and SID threonine, methionine+ cysteine, isoleucine and tryptophan at 68%, 65%, 58% and18% of SID lysine and offered at 2.2kg/day from d 28 to d 110. Sow were then moved to the farrowing house and placed on a lactation diet at 3.5kg/d. The Treatment diet contained 0.55 g SID lysine/MJ DE and SID threonine, methionine+cysteine, isoleucine and tryptophan at 78%, 65%, 60% and 20% of SID lysine and offered at 2.1kg/d from d 28 to d 85 and then increased to 2.4 kg/d to d 110 d. Increasing essential amino acid levels in late gestation increased gestational weight gain (5.6 kg, P=0.004), increased total litter birth weight (1.25 kg, P=0.003), and increased the birthweight of liveborn pigs from 1.286 to 1.329 kg, (P=0.04). There was no significant effect on the total number born or born alive. Piglet performance is not available because this commercial farm practices cross-fostering. Effects of continuation of this feeding regime in the same sows during subsequent parities is currently being evaluated.

scholarly journals Didymo and Its Polysaccharide Stalks: Beneficial to the Environment or Not?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Hurmat Ejaz ◽  
Esther Somanader ◽  
Uday Dave ◽  
Hermann Ehrlich ◽  
M. Azizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Agricultural Setting

Didymosphenia geminata diatoms, or Didymo, was first found to be an invasive species that could have negative impacts on the environment due to the aggressive growth of its polysaccharide-based stalks. The stalks’ adhesive properties have prompted park officials to alert the general public to limit further spread and contamination of this algae to other bodies of water. Although the negative effects of Didymo have been studied in the past, recent studies have demonstrated a potential positive side to this alga. One of the potential benefits includes the structural component of the polysaccharide stalks. The origin of the polysaccharides within stalks remains unknown; however, they can be useful in a waste management and agricultural setting. The primary purpose of this study was to describe both the harmful and beneficial nature of Didymo. Important outcomes include findings related to its application in various fields such as medicine and technology. These polysaccharides can be isolated and studied closely to produce efficient solar power cells and batteries. Though they may be harmful while uncontained in nature, they appear to be very useful in the technological and medical advancement of our society.

scholarly journals Stated Preferences for Plant-Based and Cultured Meat: A Choice Experiment Study of Spanish Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8235
Author(s):  
Alfredo J. Escribano ◽  
Maria Belen Peña ◽  
Carlos Díaz-Caro ◽  
Ahmed Elghannam ◽  
Eva Crespo-Cebada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cultured Meat ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Negative Impacts

Meat production and consumption have been claimed to have negative impacts on the environment, and even on the consumer’s health. In this sense, alternative sources of protein, mainly meat substitutes and cultured meat, have emerged due to those perceived negative effects. Our paper carries out a choice experiment to analyze the preferences of 444 Spanish consumers and their willingness to pay for plant-based and cultured meats, as compared to conventional meat. Spain was considered of interest for this study due to its significant gastronomic culture, with high-quality meat products that make a great contribution to the economy, meaning that this could be a suitable and also challenging market in which to test alternative sources of protein. The findings show that consumers’ motivations and their interactions with these products are complex. Additionally, a cluster analysis allowed us to identify three types of consumers in terms of preference for these products: price-sensitive millennials, conscious/concerned consumers, and indifferent consumers. Only one group showed some level of acceptance of these alternative products meats.

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