A scanning electron microscopic study on the influence of temperature on the expression of cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassica napus

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Polowick ◽  
V. K. Sawhney
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Type 3

The stamens of the ogu CMS line of B. napus L. exhibited different patterns of differentiation in response to temperature but were not fertile under any conditions. Three types of CMS stamens were recognized. Type 1 stamens had a distinct anther and filament and, in some cases, microspores were observed. These stamens were found most frequently under a high temperature regime (28:23 °C, light:dark). Type 2 stamens bore features of both stamens and carpels and were most common under intermediate temperature conditions (23:18 °C, light:dark). Type 3 stamens were carpelloid bearing a stigmatic surface and external ovules, lacked a filament, and were predominant under low temperature conditions (18:15 °C, light:dark). Normal stamens retained the same morphology under all temperature conditions. The sizes of the floral organs of normal and CMS flowers were also influenced by temperatures. Sepals, petals, and stamens were longer under low temperature conditions than intermediate and under intermediate temperature conditions than high temperature conditions. The floral organs of normal plants were generally larger than those of the CMS line.

Influence of Temperature on the Hydration Heat of Polymer Modified Mortars

2013 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Si Feng Liu ◽  
Si Jun Guo ◽  
Pei Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Hydration Heat ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Calorimeter

The hydration heat of polymer modified mortar were measured at 5°C、10°C、20°C and 40°C using Multi-channel Isothermal calorimeter. The effects of temperature on hydration heat of polymer modified mortars with 0.1% methyl hydroxylpropyl cellulose (MHPC), 3% ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and 0.1%MHPC+3%EVA were investigated. The curves of hydration heat show that the polymer reduces the hydration heat of mortars and it is related to the temperature. The effects will be more and more remarkable with the increasing of temperature; Temperature also affects the exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortars. The exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortar at low temperature is almost equal to that of the ordinary cement mortar. However, it is obviously lower than that of ordinary cement mortar at high temperature ; The time to the exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortar is also related to the temperature.

Effect of Temperature on Crater Formation and Ejecta Composition in Aluminum Alloy Targets

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 768-773
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nishida ◽  
Koichi Hayashi ◽  
Junichi Nakagawa ◽  
Yoshitaka Ito
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Crater Formation ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The influence of temperature on crater formation and ejecta composition in thick aluminum alloy targets were investigated for impact velocities ranging from approximately 1.5 to 3.5 km/s using a two-stage light-gas gun. The diameter and depth of the crater increased with increasing temperature. The ejecta size at low temperature was slightly smaller than that at high temperature and room temperature. Temperature did not affect the size ratio of ejecta. The scatter diameter of the ejecta at high temperature was slightly smaller than those at low and room temperatures.

Study on the Mechanical Property of Nomex Fiber in Different Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 895-898
Author(s):  
Gen Yang Cao ◽  
Xing Fang Xiao ◽  
Wei Lin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
High Tech ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Breaking Elongation ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World

Nomex (Aramid 1313) is the best high temperature resistant high-tech new materials in the world today. In this paper, Nomex was treated in the experiment of high temperature, low temperature, high and low temperature conditions. The results show that the high temperature affects the strength and breaking elongation for nomex fiber. Low temperature and high & low temperature cycle does not affect much on the strength and breaking elongation.

scholarly journals The Influence of Temperature on the Completion of Diapause in the Eggs of Gryllulus Commodus Walker

1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
TO Browning
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The eggs of GryUulus commodus, if incubated at high temperature (26.8�C.), soon after laying, did not develop and hatch promptly. Instead hatching was spread over a long period and many eggs died. If the eggs were given a period of exposure to low temperature (12.8�C.) before incubation at high temperature,� prompt hatching occurred. This was due to diapause, which occurred at an early stage in the morphological development of the egg.

High Temperature Sintered Interconnects Formed by Transient Liquid Phase Sintering

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 000951-000956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Greve ◽  
F. Patrick McCluskey
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase Sintering

Low Temperature Transient Liquid Phase Sintering (LT-TLPS) enables the formation of joints robust to high temperatures at low process temperatures. TLPS systems consist of one or more low temperature constituents (i.e. Sn) and one or more high temperature constituents (i.e. Cu). The sinter joints are formed by intermetallic compound formation between these constituents. In this paper a paste based LT-TLPS approach is demonstrated. The organic binders and fluxes used to mix the pastes prevent the metal particles from oxidation and facilitate a vacuum-free process in air without the need of a reducing atmosphere. Pastes based on the Cu-Sn system have been developed enabling a completely pressure-less process. Furthermore sinter pastes for LT-TLPS at low pressure (<0.5MPa) applied during the initial stage of the sintering process have been developed which form almost void free joints. To assess the strength of the sintered joints a high-temperature shear fixture has been designed. Shear tests have been performed at 25°C, 400°C, and 600°C to characterize the influence of high temperature conditions on the joint performance. The shear strength of the joints formed without pressure has been assessed for different Cu-to-Sn ratios at all temperature levels. It is shown that the maximum application temperature and shear strength depends on the ratio of low melting temperature and high melting temperature constituents. The pastes introduced here can be used to form joints resilient to application temperatures of up to 600°C. They show the potential to form joints for reliable operation under extreme temperature conditions.

scholarly journals Validation of the Stolwijk and Tanabe Human Thermoregulation Models for Predicting Local Skin Temperatures of Older People under Thermal Transient Conditions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6524
Author(s):  
Yin Tang ◽  
Hang Yu ◽  
Zi Wang ◽  
Maohui Luo ◽  
Chaoen Li
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Older People ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Transient Conditions ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Thermal Transient ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Human Thermoregulation

Human thermoregulation models can predict human thermal responses to evaluate thermal comfort and help create a healthy environment, while their applicability to older people has not been sufficiently validated. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Stolwijk model and the Tanabe model for predicting older people’s mean and local skin temperatures under thermal transient conditions. Eighteen healthy older people were recruited and exposed to transient environments including neutral (26 °C), low-temperature (23 and 21 °C), and high-temperature (29 and 32 °C) conditions. The local skin temperatures of the subjects were measured and compared to predictions of the Stolwijk model and the Tanabe model. The results revealed that the Stolwijk model and the Tanabe model could accurately predict the mean skin temperature of older people under neutral and high-temperature conditions, while their predictive accuracy declined under low-temperature conditions. Increased deviations were observed in the predictions of local skin temperatures for all conditions. This work attempted to provide an understanding of older people’s thermal response characteristics under transient conditions and to inspire the improvement of thermoregulation models for older people.

Diapause in the Eggs of Austroicetes cruciata, Sauss. (Acrididae) with particular Reference to the Influence of Temperature on the Elimination of Diapause

1943 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Andrewartha
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
The One

Diapause should not be confused with simple inhibition of growth due to cold.The embryo of the grasshopper, Austroicetes cruciata, enters a state of diapause a few days after the egg is laid. The diapause is obligate like that found in the eggs of Circotettix, rather than facultative like that found in the larvae of Platyedra. These types of diapause should be regarded as two extremes of the one phenomenon rather than two distinct phenomena.Diapause was eliminated when the egg was exposed to adequate low temperature for an adequate period when the embryo was at a suitable stage of development. If the period at low temperature was inadequate, or if the embryo was not at a suitable stage of development when the exposure to low temperature occurred, diapause was only partially eliminated. In such cases, the exposure to low temperature resulted in an abnormal growth by the embryo when the egg was returned to a favourable high temperature, but development was not completed.The influence of low temperature on the elimination of diapause was due chiefly to changes which occurred in the yolk during exposure to low temperature. Thus yolk which had been modified in this way became suitable for the nourishment of the embryo, and it no longer obstructed katatrepsis. This explanation of the nature of the obligate diapause in the eggs of Austroicetes brings this phenomenon into line with the facultative diapause in the larvae of Platyedra, which has been shown to be associated with the nourishment of the larva.Diapause was eliminated most rapidly at temperatures between 6°C. and 13°C. The embryo grew most rapidly at about 30°C. ; below 13°C. growth practically ceased. The absence of overlapping of the temperature ranges for these two processes may explain the presence of diapause in Austroicetes. The occurrence of a less pronounced diapause in the eggs of Melanoplus may be due to a partial overlapping of the temperature range for the two processes. Similarly the absence of diapause in the eggs of Locusta may be explained on the assumption that in this species the two processes proceed over the same temperature range.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Polyhalite Ore-Formed Temperature from Late Middle Pleistocene Brine Temperature Research in Kunteyi Playa, Western China

Geofluids ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Wenxia Li ◽  
Weiliang Miao ◽  
Qiliang Tang ◽  
Yongshou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Western China ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Kunteyi Salt Lake (KSL), located in the northwest of the Qaidam Basin (QB), is rich in polyhalite resources. However, there is no relevant research on the ore-formed temperature of polyhalite in nature, such as KSL. The homogenization temperature ( T h ) of salt mineral inclusions can directly reveal the form temperature of minerals. In view of the poor diagenesis of polyhalite in KSL, almost no polyhalite crystals are formed. Therefore, the ore-formed temperature of polyhalite in KSL is revealed by using the T h of fluid inclusions in halite associated with polyhalite as a substitute index. A total of 472 T h data from 34 halite samples and 34 maximum homogenization temperature ( T hMAX ) data ranged from 17.1°C to 35.5°C, among which 24 data were concentrated at 17-23°C and the average value is 22.1°C. Brine temperature of other salt lakes in QB and paleoclimate characteristics of the study area were combined. It suggests that the temperature conditions of polyhalite mineralization in the study area are generally low. However, under the overall low-temperature background, polyhalite seems to be easily enriched at relatively high temperature; for example, the content of polyhalite is generally high in the first relatively dry and hot salt-forming period, and the brine temperature at the peak stage of polyhalite at 45 m is relatively high, which indicates that the high temperature conditions promote the formation of polyhalite in KSL. As far as the overall relationship between temperature and polyhalite is concerned, polyhalite is deposited at both low temperature and relatively high temperature, which verifies the previous understanding that polyhalite is a mineral with wide temperature phase, and also shows that temperature has a limited effect on polyhalite formation under natural conditions. In addition, combined with the chemical composition of halite fluid inclusions, it is found that the concentration of Mg2+ in nature has an influence on the temperature measurement process. According to the previous experimental research, speculate that the actual temperature of ancient brine and ore-formed temperature of polyhalite in KSL are lower than the measured T h . The confirmation of the influence of Mg2+ on temperature measurement is convenient for more accurate reconstruction of the metallogenic temperature of evaporite such as polyhalite. The research on the ore-formed temperature of KSL polyhalite enriches and perfects the polyhalite mineralization theory and provides theoretical basis for the basic and applied research of polyhalite.

Influence of temperature on oil content and composition of sunflower seed

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
HC Harris ◽  
JR McWilliam ◽  
WK Mason
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The influence of temperature on the oil content and composition of sunflower was studied on plants grown under field conditions and in a range of controlled environments. Traces of oil were detectable in cypsela (seed) almost immediately after pollination. Much of this appeared to be present in the hull (pericarp), which is well developed at this stage. Significant production of oil commenced with the development of the embryo about 150 day-degrees after pollination, and the oil content reached a maximum value just prior to physiological maturity of the seed. Linoleic acid constituted the major component of the oil at all stages of seed development, and under favourable temperature conditions increased from c. 50% soon after pollination to over 70% at physiological maturity. High temperature during the development of the seed was associated with a reduction in total oil yield. However, under field conditions this effect was variable owing to confounding with other environmental factors such as moisture stress, which also influence the yield of oil through their effects on growth and development of seed. Elevated temperatures, and in particularly high night temperatures, caused a marked reduction in the percentage of linoleic acid, apparently due to the effect of temperature on the activity of the desaturase enzymes which are responsible for the conversion of oleic to linoleic acid.These results support the hypothesis that reduced yields and altered composition of sunflower oil from crops matured under high temperature conditions in midsummer are due to the effects of heat stress on the biosynthesis of fatty acids.

scholarly journals Performance Characterization of Hot Mix Asphalt with High RAP Content and Basalt Fiber

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengguang Wu ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Aihong Kang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Performance Space ◽  
Temperature Performance

Incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) into asphalt mixtures achieves astonishingly environmental and economic benefits. However, there is hesitation to use higher RAP content due to the concern regarding the deterioration in pavement performance, especially the cracking resistance. Basalt fiber has been considered an effective additive to reinforce the performance of asphalt mixtures and, subsequently, the reinforcement effect is also expected for high-RAP content mixtures. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of basalt fiber on the pavement performance of asphalt mixtures with 0%, 30%, 40%, and 50% RAP contents against high-temperature performance, moisture susceptibility, low-temperature and intermediate-temperature cracking resistance, based on the wheel-tracking test, the uniaxial penetration test, the freeze-thaw splitting test, the low-temperature bending beam test, the semicircular bend fracture test and the indirect tensile asphalt cracking test, respectively. In addition, a performance-space diagram was developed to determine the mixture performance shift caused by basalt fiber. The results showed that adding basalt fiber compensated for the detrimental effect caused by RAP, leading to significant enhancement in moisture susceptibility and low- and intermediate-temperature cracking resistance of mixtures with high RAP content, along with the enhancement in high-temperature performance, indicating that basalt fiber can contribute to the use of high RAP content.

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