Effects of in ovo injection of carbohydrates, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and vitamins on ostrich organ weight, bone characteristics, and small intestinal morphology

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Akbar Zamani ◽  
Farid Shariatmadari ◽  
Shaban Rahimi ◽  
Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
Dry Bone

A total of 144 ostrich eggs (24 per group) were injected with 4 mL of physiological saline solution [positive control (PC)], carbohydrates (CHO — 20% maltose, 2.5% sucrose, and 2.5% dextrin), β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), vitamin B6 solution, and vitamin D3 (vit D3) solution at 38 d of incubation. Injection of 4 mL physiological saline decreased the hatchability compared with negative control (NC) group (not injected eggs) (68.5% vs. 71.7%; P < 0.05). There was also lower hatchability and more number of embryonic deaths before piping in vitamin-injected group (72.2%). Heart, gizzard, pancreas, spleen and thymus, ileum, cecum, and rectum relative weight were not significantly different among treatments at hatch (P > 0.05). Carbohydrates group had higher duodenum and jejunum relative weight, whereas NC and PC groups had the least duodenum, jejunum relative weight (P < 0.05). Vit D3 injection increased bone strength, fresh and dry bone relative weight (P < 0.01). Chicks from HMB and CHO group had the highest levels of glycogen in the livers, whereas PC, NC, and vit D3 exhibited very low levels of glycogen in their liver (P = 0.014). Vitamins in ovo injected groups had the least duodenum villus height and also vit D3 group had the least jejunum villus height (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the use of CHO for the in ovo injection of ostrich hatching eggs would be practical in industry due to improvement in hatchability, bone characteristics, small intestine villus height and capacity, and also liver glycogen sources.

scholarly journals Response of broiler chicks to L-Glutamine feeding in the immediate pre- and post-hatch periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karamik ◽  
C. Kop-Bozbay
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Small Intestinal

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo and post-hatching supplementation with L-Glutamine (Gln) on hatching characteristics, performance, small intestinal morphology, and muscle development of broilers. At day 18 of incubation, 960 fertilized eggs were allocated to four treatments with six replicates. Eggs were i) not injected (negative control) (NC), ii) subject to the standard incubation procedure (PG), iii) injected with 1 ml sterile solution with 0.9% salt (positive control) (PC), and iv) injected with 1% Gln solution (IG). On hatching, the SC chicks were fed with 1% Gln for seven days. The remaining chicks were fed a commercial starter feed. After hatching, there were six replicates of 28 birds in each treatment. Hatchability and yolk sac weight were lower and yolk-free chick weight (YFCW), whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and breast muscle weights were higher at hatching for chicks from the IG treatment. At 42 days old, feed conversation ratio (FCR) was lower in birds that had Gln added to their diet than for the other treatments. The FCR was also lower in IG birds than birds in the NC group. The GIT weight, villus height, villus width and crypt depth of the birds receiving dietary supplementation of Gln were greater than those of birds in PC and IG. Thus, in ovo injection of Gln improved hatching characteristics except for hatchability. Further, in ovo and dietary Gln administration reduced FCR by stimulating digestive system development.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKEN TO INOVO ADMINISTRATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ROSEMARY OIL(ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-903
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rosemary Oil ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Positive Effect

This study was conducted to determine the percentage of hatchability, post-hatch growth performance, immune response of broiler  subjected  to in- ovo injection of different doses of rosemary oil. A total of 300  eggs of ross broiler strain were obtained.The experiment distributed into five treatment groups: T1, Negative Control T2, positive control (in ovo injection of 0.05 ml distilled water) T3, in ovo injection of 0.05ml of rosemary oil; T4, in ovo injection of  0.075 ml of rosemary oil; T5, in ovo injection of  0.1 ml of rosemary oil.Highest hatchability  percentage was shown in 0.1ml rosemary oil -injected hatching eggs. The final weight of birds from 0.075 and 0.1 ml of rosemary oil-injected eggs was significantly (P < 0.05) highest through the experiment. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were improved with in ovo administration of rosemary oil at 0.075 and 0.1 ml doses. In addition, the level of  blood cholesterol and blood glucose  were decreased (p<0.05) in birds from rosemary oil-injected eggs.  The obtained data showed a positive effect of in-ovo injection of rosemary  oil on stimulating bird's immunity.

Effects of dietary red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) on growth performance, blood profile, ileal morphology, and oxidative status in weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K88+

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonjin Koo ◽  
Sirini Buddhika Amarakoon ◽  
Balachandar Jayaraman ◽  
Yaw L. Siow ◽  
Suvira Prashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Cornus Stolonifera ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Twenty-eight piglets weaned at 21 days of age (6.94 ± 0.28 kg of body weight) were assigned to one of four dietary treatments for 14 days: 1) negative control (NC; a corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet), 2) positive control (PC; NC + 0.025% antimicrobial growth promoter [AGP]), 3) ROD2 (2% red-osier dogwood [ROD]), and 4) ROD4 (4% ROD). All pigs were orally inoculated with Escherichia coli K88+ on day 8. The pre-planned orthogonal test was performed to compare 1) NC vs. PC and 2) NC vs. ROD. The inclusion of ROD in a nursery diet increased (P < 0.05) superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the serum. Moreover, pigs fed with ROD diets had shallower (P < 0.05) crypt depth and higher (P < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio than those fed the NC diet. Dietary AGP supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the MDA concentration in the ileum and serum at 24 h after challenge and improved (P < 0.01) the SOD activities in the serum. In conclusion, the inclusion of ROD in a nursery diet enhanced the antioxidative defense system and intestinal morphology, showing comparable effects with AGP supplementation.

scholarly journals Impact of In-Ovo Injection of Folic Acid and Glucose on Hatchability and Post-Hatching Performance of Broiler Chicken

2020 ◽  
pp. 481-491
Author(s):  
Amal Ahmed Abdel-Halim ◽  
Fatma Rasmy Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Rahman El-menawey ◽  
Hassan Bayoumi Gharib
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Glucose Group

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of in-ovo injection of folic acid and glucose on hatching eggs from 55 weeks old broiler breeders. A total number of 900 hatching eggs were collected from Arbor Acres broiler breeders, then, eggs were divided into 6 groups including 1) Negative Control (non-injected, NC), 2) Dry Punch Control (pricked without injecting any solution, DPC), 3) Positive Control (eggs were injected with 0.5 mL normal saline, PC), 4) Folic Acid group (eggs were injected with 0.2 mg/ egg folic acid, FA), 5) Glucose group (eggs were injected with 125 mg/ egg glucose, Glu), and 6) Folic Acid with Glucose group (eggs were injected with 0.2 mg folic acid with 125 mg/ egg glucose, FA+Glu). Each treatment was divided into five replicates of 30 eggs each. Eggs were injected into the albumen under the air sac. After in-ovo injection, the eggs were stored for four days before hatching. After hatching, the chickens were reared in groups according to the treatments. All treatments were divided into 10 replications of 9 chickens in each. In-ovo injection with folic acid decreased the albumen pH significantly to 9.19 after 4 days of injection, while the negative control was 9.43. Hatching quality was severely affected by all in-ovo injection treatments, but no significant differences were found between the treatment groups concerning the hatchability of fertile eggs. Injection treatments had no significant effect on the growth rate or the production number in any of the weeks. Injection of folic acid and (FA+Glu) significantly increased chickens’ body weight at two and four weeks of age. Also, the dressing percentage when using folic acid and (FA+Glu) was significantly increased to 72.1% and 72.5%, respectively, compared to the positive control group (68.3%). In conclusion, our data suggested that in-ovo injection with a mixture of folic acid and glucose (0.2 mg folic acid+ 125 mg/ egg glucose) could be used to enhance carcass characteristics. Further studies should be conducted to find the effects of in-ovo injection folic acid and glucose on different incubation days and at different sites of injection.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Delivery Route: Effect on Broiler Chicken’s Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Intestinal Morphology, Immune, and Antioxidant Status

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3386
Author(s):  
Samson Oladokun ◽  
Janice MacIsaac ◽  
Bruce Rathgeber ◽  
Deborah Adewole
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Blood Biochemistry ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Oil Blend

This study evaluated the effect of an essential oil blend and its delivery routes on broiler chicken growth performance, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and immune and antioxidant status. Eggs were incubated and allotted to 3 groups: non-injected group, in ovo saline group, and in ovo essential oil group. On d 18 of incubation, essential oil in saline or saline alone was injected into the amnion. At hatch, chicks were assigned to post-hatch treatment combinations (1) in ovo essential oil + in-water essential oil (in ovo + in-water EO); (2) in ovo essential oil (in ovo EO); (3) in ovo saline; (4) in-water essential oil; (5) in-feed antibiotics (Bacitracin methylene disalicylate) and (6) a negative control (NC; corn-wheat-soybean diet) in 8 replicate cages (6 birds/cage) and raised for 28 d. The in ovo EO group reduced (p < 0.05) chick length and hatchability, all groups recorded no difference in growth performance at 0–28 d. The in ovo + in-water EO treatment reduced (p < 0.05) blood creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels whilst increasing (p < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity in birds. The in ovo + in-water delivery of EO might represent a potential antibiotic reduction strategy for the poultry industry but more research is needed to address the concern of reduced hatchability.

scholarly journals PSVI-1 Improvement of gut morphology and meat quality of broiler chickens by encapsulated citral and cinnamaldehyde

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 195-195
Author(s):  
Chongwu Yang ◽  
Janghan Choi ◽  
Marion Mogire ◽  
Argenis Rodas-González ◽  
Moussa S Diarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Gut Morphology

Abstract This study investigated the effects of encapsulated citral (CIT) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and meat quality in broilers. A total of 320 0-day-age male broilers (Cobb 500) were allocated 32 pens with 8 pens per treatment. The treatments included: 1) Corn-wheat-SBM basal diet (negative control); 2) basal diet with 30 ppm avilamycin premix (positive control); 3) basal diet with 50 ppm encapsulated CIT and CIN (CCL); 4) basal diet with 100 ppm encapsulated CIT and CIN (CCH). There were no significant differences between treatments in growth performance (P &gt; 0.05) at each feeding stage. Additionally, birds had similar relative organ weights of heart, liver, spleen and bursa (P &gt; 0.05). The higher ratios of villus height to crypt depth (VCR; P ≤ 0.05) were detected in broilers fed either CCL or CCH, with an average being 14.67 and 15.13 in the duodenum, and 15.13 and 13.58 in the jejunum, respectively. Regarding meat quality, a higher pH value (pH = 6.21) in the breast was observed in 24-h post mortem chickens fed CCL (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences of pH were detected in the breast in 96-h post mortem birds. The breast color (redness, yellowness, and lightness) in either 24-h or 96-h post mortem chickens was not significantly different among treatments (P &gt; 0.05). No change in purge loss (%) was observed in the breast after 48 h. The severity of white striping (WS) or woody meat (WB) was higher in the positive control (WS = 0.58; WB = 0.15) than in other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, dietary treatment with encapsulated CIT and CIN improved gut morphology and meat quality of broilers by increasing VCR in the small intestine and reducing the severity of WS/WB in the breast, respectively, without affecting growth performance.

scholarly journals Effect of in-ovo feeding of iron nanoparticles and methionine hydroxy analogue on broilers chickens small intestinal characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e46903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Abbasinezhad Laledashti ◽  
Ali Asghar Saki ◽  
Amir Abbas Rafati ◽  
Mansoureh Abdolmaleki
Keyword(s):  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

The experiment was conducted with 644 Ross fertilized egg by 7 treatments 4 replicates and 23 eggs in each. Seven treatments included two control with and without injection, iron sulfate, iron sulfate nanoparticles, Alimet, Alimet + iron sulfate, Alimet + iron sulfate nanoparticles. After hatching 2 mg iron nanoparticles were applied as new treatment. The highest increased in the intestinal relative weight (p < 0.05) was observed by iron+Alimet in late feeding at day old of age. Also similar trend was found in cecum and duodenum length by iron control 2 and late feeding (18 hours’ after hatching). The highest cecum length was found among all treatments by in ovo injection of iron nanoparticles in early feeding at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). Significantly increased the duodenum length was found by iron sulfate in early feeding at 42 days of age (p < 0.05). In ovo injection of Alimet in late feeding was resulted in decrease jejunum crypt depth at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). The results of this study have shown that the highest jejunum villi width and surface area were recorded in dietary iron sulfate nanoparticles in late feeding at 21 and 42 days of age (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Architecture in Broiler Infected with Salmonella

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaeldein M. Abudabos ◽  
Muttahar H. Ali ◽  
Mohammed A. Nassan ◽  
Ahmad A. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

A total of 600 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) confirmed for the absence of Salmonella were randomly allocated to five treatments each with 10 replicates: negative control (basal diet only); positive control (basal diet) + infected with Salmonella; T1, Salmonella infected + avilamycin; T2, Salmonella infected + Bacillus subtilis (ATCC PTA-6737; 2 × 107 CFU/g) and T3, Salmonella infected + B. subtilis (DSM 172999; 1.2 × 106 CFU/g). The results revealed that feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in T1 compared to T2. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in T2 and T3 compared to other treatments. Similarly, the performance efficiency factor (PEF) was also significantly (p < 0.01) higher in T2 and T3 compared to positive control. Villus height was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in T2 compared to all other treatments. However, villus width and surface area were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in T1. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with B. subtilis improved growth and intestinal health by reversing the negative effects of Salmonellosis.

scholarly journals Inclusion of the direct-fed microbial Clostridium butyricum in diets for weanling pigs increases growth performance and tends to increase villus height and crypt depth, but does not change intestinal microbial abundance

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria A Casas ◽  
Laia Blavi ◽  
Tzu-Wen L Cross ◽  
Anne H Lee ◽  
Kelly S Swanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Crypt Depth

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of the direct fed microbial Clostridium butyricum in diets for weanling pigs will improve growth performance, systemic immune function, microbiota composition, and gut morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 275 newly weaned pigs (20 ± 2 d of age) with an average initial BW of 6.4 ± 0.8 kg were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 11 pens per treatment. Diets included a positive control diet containing Carbadox, a negative control diet without Carbadox, and three treatment diets in which 1,250 × 108 cfu/kg, 2,500 × 108 cfu/kg, or 3,500 × 108 cfu/kg of C. butyricum was added to the negative control diet. A two-phase feeding program was used (phase 1, 14 d; phase 2, 21 d). At the conclusion of the experiment (day 35), a blood sample was collected from one pig per pen (11 pigs per treatment) and this pig was then euthanized and digesta and tissues samples were collected. Results indicated that for the overall phase, pigs fed the positive control diet had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and ADFI and tended (P = 0.064) to have greater final BW than pigs fed the negative control diet. The ADG and G:F increased and then decreased as increasing doses of C. butyricum were included in the diet (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05). The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α was less (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the positive control diet compared with pigs fed the negative control diet or diets containing C. butyricum. Crypt depth tended (P = 0.08) to be less in pigs fed the negative control diet compared with pigs fed the positive control diet and villus height tended to increase as the doses of C. butyricum increased in the diets (quadratic, P = 0.08). Villus height also tended (P = 0.084) to be greater in pigs fed diets containing C. butyricum compared with pigs fed the positive control diet. Crypt depth increased as the dose of C. butyricum increased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) and villus width at the bottom tended to increase (linear, P = 0.072) as the dose of C. butyricum increased in the diet. Alpha and beta diversity indices of ileal and colonic microbiota were not affected by diet. In conclusion, addition of 1,250 × 108 cfu/kg of C. butyricum, but not greater levels, to diets fed to weanling pigs increased growth performance and tended to increase villus height and crypt depth, but changes in the abundance of intestinal microbiota were not observed.

scholarly journals In Ovo β-Alanin Solüsyonu Alan Yeni Çıkmış Etlik Piliç Civcivlerinde Kuluçka Randımanı, Bazı Kuluçka Parametreleri, Kalite Skoru ve Yaşama Gücü

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1469
Author(s):  
Canan Kop Bozbay ◽  
Ahmet Akdağ ◽  
Helin Atan ◽  
Nuh Ocak
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Chick Quality

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of In ovo injection of β-Alanine which is a modified form of the alanine amino acid on hatchability, hatching weight, chick quality score and survival in broiler breeder eggs. For this purpose, 120 fertile eggs from Ross 308 breeder (32-week-old) were allocated randomly to four groups with 3 replicates. Except the negative control group eggs (non injected; NC), to the amniotic fluid of the eggs in the other 3 groups were injected with 1 ml solutions 0.9% salt (Positive control, PK), 0.75% (0.75βA) or 1.5% (1.5βA) by using 19 mm and 27 gauge needle. Death rates at the different stages of embryonic development, hatching yield, weights and quality scores of chicks and mortalities were recorded at hatching day. Hatching weight of the chicks in the 0.75βA group was higher than other two control groups. Accessing feed, determined as an indicator of chick quality, was better in the 0.75βA group. Conversely, mobility score of chicks in the NC group was higher than other groups. Hatching yield, chick quality score and mortalities of the first week were not affected from In ovo βA injection. Results of this study demonstrated that In ovo βA injection can be used up to 1.5% without any deteriorations on weight, quality and mortalities of chicks but 0.75% βA injection induced better hatching characteristics.

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