Structure, Deposition and Quality of Oyster Shell (Ostrea virginica Gmelin)

1944 ◽  
Vol 6c (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Medcof
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Porous Mass

Low quality shells are easily broken, have a high water content and low specific gravity, and contain little pearly and much chalky material. Pearly shell is secreted throughout the season before and after the chalk which it incloses. Chalky areas occur in all shells, have functional importance, are commonest in oysters that are poorest in late summer and are regular in their order of appearance and position on the shell. They are composed of large vertical calcite crystals in a porous mass of smaller crystals with a protein matrix.

360 EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF IN VITRO-MATURED BOVINE OOCYTES BY SEDIMENTATION WITH PERCOLL

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
K. Yotsushima ◽  
M. Shimizu ◽  
H. Kon ◽  
Y. Izaike
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Class A ◽  
Serum Supplementation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Class C ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

A simple method to evaluate the quality of in vitro-matured bovine oocytes is available for development of an in vitro embryo production system. Oocyte quality relates closely to oocyte fatty acid composition and mitochondrial distribution. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the quality of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) and serum supplementation in IVM medium on the distribution of bovine oocyte specific gravities by sedimentation with Percoll before and after IVM. COCs were aspirated from abattoir-derived ovaries and were classified as classes A to D by the morphology of their cumulus cell layers as follows: class A, compact and more than 3 layers thick; class B, compact but <3 layers; class C, partially naked and <3 layers; and class D, naked or expanded. The classified COCs were cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 0.1% BSA, 5 µg mL−1 insulin, 10 µg mL−1 transferrin, and 10 ng mL−1 transforming growth factor-α (M199-BITT) for 22–24 h. To evaluate the influence of serum supplementation, oocytes from classes A and B were also incubated in M199-BITT as serum-free culture or TCM-199 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum as serum-supplemented culture. Percoll solutions were prepared by diluting Percoll with PBS supplemented with 0.3% BSA, 1 mg mL−1 glucose, and 0.2 mM sodium pyrvate to 20, 17.5, 15, 12.5, 10, 7.5, and 5% solutions. After removal of cumulus cells, denuded oocytes were put on the surface of Percoll solution for 3 min, and the precipitated oocytes were transferred to stepwise high density solution. The percent of Percoll solution just before buoyancy was considered as the oocyte specific gravity value. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. Oocytes from class A had the highest specific gravities before and after IVM in all classes (Table 1). After IVM, oocyte specific gravities from classes A and C were higher than those of oocytes before IVM (class A: P < 0.05, class C: P < 0.001). The specific gravities of in vitro-matured oocytes cultured in serum-free medium were higher than those cultured in serum-supplemented medium (15.3 ± 0.3%, n = 71, and 14.0 ± 0.3%, n = 58; P < 0.01). These results show that the specific gravity was affected by the morphological quality of COC, and the culture conditions for IVM may profile the metabolic activity of oocytes during IVM. Table 1.Specific gravities of the bovine oocytes classified by morphology of COC before and after IVM

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LAHAN BEKAS TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR DENGAN STABILISASI TANAH SECARA KIMIAWI

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Satya Bodhinanda ◽  
Aniek Prihatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
High Water ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Foundation Base ◽  
Load Location

Landfill soil (TPA) has great potential of utilization in construction purpose. Landfill soil has similar characteristic with clay soil that has high water content also contain organic and inorganic material caused by garbage heap. One of the problem in utilizing landfill soil was the low quality of the soil that cause big settlement for the structure. Settlement was an important aspect in performing a construction. Soil stabilization for the landfill soil needed to decrease amount of settlement. Structure model using one, two, three, four floor of load and calculate the settlement occur on the heaviest load location of the foundation. Foundation base was circle and using shallow foundation reconsidering shallow foundation effective for four floor load. Chemical stabilization using 2 methods: Sodium Hydroxide 6% and Limestone 3-4,5%. Based on the calculation, found that Sodium Hydroxide is more effective in decreasing settlement occurred and able to decrease the settlement until 32,42% for the  floor load. However, those methods can’t fulfil the 15 cm settlement limit. Tanah bekas tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) memiliki potensi besar untuk dimanfaatkan dalam bidang konstruksi. Tanah bekas TPA umumnya memiliki karakteristik serupa dengan tanah lempung berkadar air serta memiliki material organik dan anorganik dari timbunan sampah. Salah satu masalah dalam memanfaatkan tanah bekas TPA adalah rendahnya kualitas tanah yang mengakibatkan penurunan besar pada struktur. Perbaikan pada tanah bekas TPA diperlukan untuk mengurangi besarnya penurunan yang terjadi. Penurunan merupakan aspek penting dalam suatu perancangan konstruksi, maka dari itu batasan pada penurunan ditetapkan untuk menghindari penurunan yang berlebihan yang dapat merusak struktur. Permodelan menggunakan beban struktur 1,2,3, dan 4 lantai dan dihitung penurunan yang terjadi pada fondasi dengan beban struktur terbesar. Penampang fondasi berbentuk lingkaran mempertimbangkan beban percobaan hingga 4 lantai cocok untuk fondasi dangkal. Stabilisasi tanah secara kimiawi menggunakan 2 metode yaitu Sodium Hidroksida 6% dan batu kapur 3-4,5%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, didapati stabilisasi menggunakan Sodium Hidroksida lebih efektif dalam mengurangi penurunan tanah yang terjadi dan mampu mengurangi besarnya penurunan hingga 32,42% pada beban struktur 4 lantai. Namun, stabilisasi tanah menggunakan kedua metode belum dapat mencapai batas aman penurunan sebesar 15 cm.

scholarly journals ANGKA KAPANG DAN KHAMIR PADA LADA PUTIH ASAL BANGKA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Oktavio Rosani ◽  
Devy Susanty ◽  
Ary Triyanto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
The Relationship

Numbers of Mold and Yeast on White Pepper from BangkaWhite pepper is one of Indonesia's spices that are needed for both public consumption and exports. Post-harvest processing of white pepper by farmers is often done with unclean. Each source of white pepper has different water content and will affect the quality of white pepper. In this study, seven samples (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7) were from Bangka. All samples tested had higher water content than SNI quality standard (13%), but still below the quality standard 2 (18%). Sample S2 has the highest water content compared to other samples. Sample S1 and S2 have high Numbers of Mold and Yeast (AKK) and do not suitable with quality standart of BPOM. Of all samples, S2  had the highest AKK (5,51 x 104 colony / g) and sample S5 had the smallest AKK (8,8 x 102 colony / g). This shows the relationship between water content in white pepper with AKK. White pepper that has a high water content has a high AKK, whereas white pepper that has low moisture content has low AKK.Keywords: white pepper, Numbers of Mold and Yeast, moisture contentABSTRAKLada putih adalah salah satu rempah Indonesia  yang  banyak dibutuhkan baik untuk konsumsi masyarakat ataupun ekspor. Proses pengolahan pasca panen lada putih oleh petani sering dilakukan dengan tidak bersih. Setiap sumber lada putih memiliki kadar air yang berbeda dan akan mempengaruhi kualitas lada putih. Pada penelitian ini,tujuh sampel (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7)  berasal dari Bangka. Semua sampel yang di uji memiliki kadar air yang lebih tinggi dari standar mutu 1 SNI (13%), namun masih berada di bawah standar mutu 2 (18 %). Sampel S2 memiliki kadar air yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan sampel lainnya. Sampel S1 dan S2 memiliki  (Angka Kapang Khamir) AKK yang tinggi dan tidak memenuhi syarat mutu. BPOM. Dari semua sampel, sampel S2 memiliki AKK paling tinggi (5,51 x 104 koloni/g) dan sampel S5 memiliki AKK paling kecil (8,8 x 102 koloni/g). Hal ini menunjukan hubungan antara kadar air pada lada putih dengan AKK. Lada putih yang memiliki kadar air tinggi memiliki AKK yang juga tinggi, sedangkan lada putih yang memiliki kadar air rendah memiki AKK yang  rendah.Kata Kunci: Lada putih, Angka kapang khamir, Kadar Air

scholarly journals Change in snow strength caused by rain

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (61) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Ito ◽  
Hiroki Matsushita ◽  
Hiroyuki Hirashima ◽  
Yasuhiko Ito ◽  
Tomoyuki Noro
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Snow Condition ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Before And After

AbstractRain-on-snow events can cause wet snow avalanches. Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the change in snow strength with increasing water content through rainwater percolation. Snowpack was artificially prepared consisting of a thin ice layer and fine compacted snow, and rainfall (2mmh–1) was artificially applied 22–25.5 and 49–52 hours after the snowpack was formed. Snow hardness was measured with a push–pull force gauge to indicate the snow strength before and after each rain-on-snow event. After the first rainfall, the upper half of the snowpack became wet and a rapid decrease in snow hardness was observed. After the second rainfall the rainwater penetrated the ice layer, high water content was observed above the ice layer but the hardness exceeded that estimated from an empirical relationship between hardness and water content. Micrographs of the snow particles suggest that the delay in grain coarsening observed near the wetting front induces the harder than estimated snow condition.

scholarly journals Emetophobia: A case of nausea leading to dehydration in an adolescent female

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2095133
Author(s):  
Anju Kannappan ◽  
Amy B Middleman
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
High Water ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Emetophobia is defined as the specific fear of vomiting and avoidance behaviors related to vomiting situations; the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, specifies this condition as a Specific Phobia: Other type: Vomiting (SPOV). Our case report describes an adolescent presenting with medical complications, specifically notable dehydration, due to new onset Specific Phobia: Other type: Vomiting after experiencing a bout of viral gastroenteritis. In this patient’s case, her severe anxiety served as the root cause for a significant decrease in her quality of life for a year and was not identified by healthcare providers until after an extensive medical workup had taken place. Treatment involved alleviating her dehydration with slow introduction of foods with high water content into her diet and addressing her anxiety with hydroxyzine as a short-term intervention and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for long-term management. This treatment plan allowed for our patient’s symptoms to resolve over the course of a few months and she was able to return to her usual activities of daily living. With discussing emetophobia, this case highlights a topic that is not largely discussed in the literature surrounding adolescent health.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kualitas Minyak Nilam (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) menggunakan Kombinasi Metode Fermentasi, Delignifikasi dan Destilasi

2017 ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Muharam ◽  
Lela Mukmilah Yuningsih ◽  
Iim Sulaeman Rohana
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
High Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Small Capacity

Penyulingan minyak nilam tradisional dilakukan dalam kapasitas kecil dan menggunakanmetode penyulingan sederhanaberdasarkan pada perbedaan titik didih yang jauh atau salah satu komponen bersifat volatil. Proses ini menghasilkan kualitas minyak nilam kurang baik seperti bilangan asam lebih dari 8, minyak berwarna gelap, patchouli alkohol kurang dari 30%, dan kadarair tinggi.Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan penyulingan minyak dari tanaman nilammenggunakan kombinasi metode yaitu fermentasi-delignifikasi, destilasi dan pemurnian untuk meningkatkan kualitas minyak nilam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kombinasi proses fermentasi-delignifikasi-destilasi-adsorpsi menghasilkan kualitas minyak nilam yang lebih baik dengan kualitas bilangan asam, kandungan patchouli alkohol,  kadar air dan bobot jenis berturut-turut adalah 7.48, 35.60%, 0.56%,0.0957. The traditional distillationof patchouli oil conducted in small capacity and using a simple distillation method based on differences of wide a boiling point or one component is volatile. This process results a poor quality of patchouli oils such as the acid numbers is more than 8, dark-colored oils, patchouli alcohols contentis less than 30%, and high water content. In this research has been done oil distillation from patchouli plants using a combination of methods i.e. fermentation-delignification, distillation and purification to improve of patchouli oil quality. The results show that the combination of the fermentation-delignification-distillation-adsorptionis better in quality of patchouli oil with the acid number, patchouli alcohol content, water content and density were 7.48, 35.60%, 0.56%, and 0.0957 respectively.

scholarly journals Mechanical site preparation: Key to microsite creation success on Clay Belt paludified sites

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (02) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Henneb ◽  
Osvaldo Valeria ◽  
Nicole J. Fenton ◽  
Nelson Thiffault ◽  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Water ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Before And After

Paludification is the accumulation of partially decomposed organic matter over saturated mineral soils. It reduces tree regeneration and growth, mainly because of low temperatures and high water content in the rooting zone, reduced organic matter decomposition, and hence, low nutrient availability. On the Clay Belt of western Québec and eastern Ontario, forests tend to paludify naturally but this process might be promoted by logging methods. Our objective was to identify which of two commonly used mechanical site preparation (MSP) techniques is best adapted to reduce organic layer thickness (OLT) and generate favourable planting microsites post-harvest in paludified sites. Nine experimental blocks (between 20 ha–61 ha each) were delimited within a 35 km2 forest sector with variable levels of paludification. The forest sector was harvested by careful logging to protect advance growth and soils and subsequently the nine experimental blocks were treated with either forest harrowing, disc trenching (T26) or left as untreated controls (harvesting only) with three replicate blocks per treatment. We measured OLT before and after MSP and determined planting microsite quality within each block. Results revealed significant differences in OLT between MSP treatments and harvesting only. Overall, harrowing was the best technique, as it reduced OLT more than T26 scarification and generated the highest percent of good microsites, except where initial OLT was 44 cm–56 cm. Our results contribute to the successful use of MSP in paludified forests.

scholarly journals Study of Nutrition Content Food Drop in Deer in PT. Gunung Madu Plantations

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Jumayanti Boru Hombing ◽  
Bainah Sari Dewi ◽  
Syahrio Tantalo ◽  
Sugeng Prayitno Harianto
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Good Nutrition

Increasing the number of individual deer in captivity indicates an increase in the deer population. One of the factors affecting the increase in the deer population is a drop in the quality of feed and nutritional value adequate for deer. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the type of feed and feed nutrient content in captive deer drop in PT Gunung Madu Plantations (GMP). Nutrient content of feed drop in deer obtained through the proximate analysis by taking a sample of 100 grams per sample feed. This type of feed given drop in manager consists of the main feed forage consisting of grass and leaves, in the form of rice bran concentrate feed, and feed the tubers were given every month. Based on proximate analysis that has been made known that the feed drop-in provided by the organizer captivity contains good nutrition, as seen in the high water content, extract ingredients without nitrogen (BETN) high, protein and fibers that do not differ greatly in value and fat content is not excessive. Keywords: Drop in Feed Nutrition, Feeding Deer, Captive Deer PT. GMP

scholarly journals Mouse model of metformin-induced diarrhea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takemori ◽  
Akie Hamamoto ◽  
Kenta Isogawa ◽  
Masafumi Ito ◽  
Masanori Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Daily Oral Dose ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Wood Creosote

ObjectiveMetformin, an oral medication used for type 2 diabetes mellitus, is the most commonly prescribed drug with less economic burden of patients. Although metformin’s efficacy and safety have long been recognized, approximately 5% of the patients treated with this drug develop severe diarrhea as an adverse effect and have to abandon treatment. Because there is no animal model to study metformin-induced diarrhea, it is hard to develop methods to maintain quality of life of patients prescribed with metformin.Research design and methodsUsing mouse models, we tried to develop an evaluation system for metformin-induced diarrhea to improve diarrheal symptoms in patients with diabetes. Healthy (C57BL/6J) and diabetic obese (db/db) mice were subjected to a stepwise dose escalation of metformin (250 mg/kg/day (125 mg/kg twice daily oral dose)—1000 mg/kg/day (500 mg/kg twice daily oral dose)), and fecal moisture contents and their score were monitored. To evaluate anti-diarrheal medications, wood creosote (a traditional medicine) was tested. Several groups of enterobacteria in fresh feces were examined by using PCR.Results1000 mg/kg/day (four times maximal effective dose) of metformin significantly increased fecal moisture content. Although no symptoms of diarrhea were observed in healthy C57BL/6J mice, the same dose of metformin induced severe diarrhea in diabetic obese db/db mice. A reduction in PCR signals for the Firmicutes group was associated with metformin-induced diarrhea. Wood creosote reduced diarrhea (high water-content) without affecting metformin’s efficacy or enterobacterial flora levels.ConclusionsWe have created the first animal model of metformin-induced diarrhea using db/db mice, which will provide better quality of life for patients suffering from diarrhea caused by metformin.

Effect of High Intensity Pulsed Electric Fields on Antioxidant Substances of Postharvest Ginger

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhu Han ◽  
Shu Yao Song
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Long Time

The antioxidant substances of ginger are extremely easy to degrade in the process of store and its quality and economic value are also degraded. The effects of high intensity pulsed electric field (HIPEF) treatment on the SOD, POD, PPO, Vc, total flavonoid, polysaccharide were studied. The results show that 0.8kV/cm for 5min treatment of HIPEF can maintain the cell membrane integrity, restrain the relative electric conductivity, maintain the high water content and the content of antioxidant substances, enhance the SOD and POD activity, restrain the PPO activity and the degradation of Vc , total flavonoids and polysaccharide, and inhibit the enzymatic browning of ginger to some extent, so that the quality of postharvest ginger during storage are kept well and more long time.

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