Relationships between climate and double rings in Quercus ilex from northeast Spain

The influence of climatic factors on tree-ring width and the formation of double rings was studied in Quercus ilex L. growing in a coppice stand left unmanaged for 22 years. Ten trees were felled and discs were taken every 30 cm from bole and dominant branches. Dendrometer bands were installed on 10 nearby trees and the data recorded were used to confirm the accuracy of our tree-ring identification. They were also used to relate the seasonal radial growth pattern to double-ring formation. Double rings were frequent and occurred consistently along the stem. Two types of double rings could be recognized according to their width: type I, with the extra growth band accounting for approximately 50% of the tree ring; and type II, with a narrow extra growth band. Type I double rings were formed when approximately 1/2 of the growing-season precipitation occurred during the second growth period of the season and after the summer drought. Type II double rings occurred when approximately 1/3 of the precipitation in the growing season occurred after the summer drought. The formation of double rings was triggered by rainfall in summer and the extra growth-band width was related to summer and autumn environmental conditions. Double rings in Q. ilex can potentially be used in dendroclimatological studies, as they are formed in response to climatic conditions within the growing season.

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Different Wood Anatomical and Growth Responses in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at Three Forest Sites in Slovenia

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.669229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Domen Arnič ◽

Jožica Gričar ◽

Jernej Jevšenak ◽

Gregor Božič ◽

Georg von Arx ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Ring Width ◽

European Beech ◽

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

Vessel Area ◽

Temperature And Precipitation

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) adapts to local growing conditions to enhance its performance. In response to variations in climatic conditions, beech trees adjust leaf phenology, cambial phenology, and wood formation patterns, which result in different tree-ring widths (TRWs) and wood anatomy. Chronologies of tree ring width and vessel features [i.e., mean vessel area (MVA), vessel density (VD), and relative conductive area (RCTA)] were produced for the 1960–2016 period for three sites that differ in climatic regimes and spring leaf phenology (two early- and one late-flushing populations). These data were used to investigate long-term relationships between climatic conditions and anatomical features of four quarters of tree-rings at annual and intra-annual scales. In addition, we investigated how TRW and vessel features adjust in response to extreme weather events (i.e., summer drought). We found significant differences in TRW, VD, and RCTA among the selected sites. Precipitation and maximum temperature before and during the growing season were the most important climatic factors affecting TRW and vessel characteristics. We confirmed differences in climate-growth relationships between the selected sites, late flushing beech population at Idrija showing the least pronounced response to climate. MVA was the only vessel trait that showed no relationship with TRW or other vessel features. The relationship between MVA and climatic factors evaluated at intra-annual scale indicated that vessel area in the first quarter of tree-ring were mainly influenced by climatic conditions in the previous growing season, while vessel area in the second to fourth quarters of tree ring width was mainly influenced by maximum temperature and precipitation in the current growing season. When comparing wet and dry years, beech from all sites showed a similar response, with reduced TRW and changes in intra-annual variation in vessel area. Our findings suggest that changes in temperature and precipitation regimes as predicted by most climate change scenarios will affect tree-ring increments and wood structure in beech, yet the response between sites or populations may differ.

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Intra-annual climatic signal in tree rings of Larix sp. based on the Vaganov-Shashkin model output

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9278 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Fonti ◽

Olga Churakova (Sidorova) ◽

Ivan Tychkov

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Ring Width ◽

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Precipitation Regime ◽

The North ◽

Temperature And Precipitation

<p>Air temperature increase and change in precipitation regime have a significant impact on northern forests leading to the ambiguous consequences due to the complex interaction between the ecosystem plant components and permafrost. One of the major interests in such circumstances is to understand how tree growth of the main forest species of the Siberian North will change under altering climatic conditions. In this work, we applied the process-based Vaganov-Shashkin model (VS - model) of tree growth in order to estimate the daily impact of climatic conditions on tree-ring width of larch trees in northeastern Yakutia (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) and eastern Taimyr (Larix gmelinii Rupr. (Rupr.) for the period 1956-2003, and to determine the extent to which the interaction of climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) is reflected in the tree-ring anatomical structure. Despite the location of the study sites in the harsh conditions of the north, and temperature as the main limiting factor, it was possible to identify a period during the growing season when tree growth was limited by lack of soil moisture. The application of the VS-model for the studied regions allowed establishing in which period of the growing season the water stress is most often manifest itself, and how phenological phases (beginning, cessation, and duration of larch growth) vary among the years.</p><p>The research was funded by RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-44-240001 and by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (projects FSRZ-2020-0010).</p>

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A 406-year non-growing-season precipitation reconstruction in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-17-2381-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 2381-2392

Author(s):

Maierdang Keyimu ◽

Zongshan Li ◽

Bojie Fu ◽

Guohua Liu ◽

Fanjiang Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Ring Width ◽

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Drought Severity ◽

Precipitation Reconstruction ◽

Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract. Trees record climatic conditions during their growth, and tree rings serve as proxy to reveal the features of the historical climate of a region. In this study, we collected tree-ring cores of hemlock forest (Tsuga forrestii) from the northwestern Yunnan area of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) and created a residual tree-ring width (TRW) chronology. An analysis of the relationship between tree growth and climate revealed that precipitation during the non-growing season (NGS) (from November of the previous year to February of the current year) was the most important constraining factor on the radial tree growth of hemlock forests in this region. In addition, the influence of NGS precipitation on radial tree growth was relatively uniform over time (1956–2005). Accordingly, we reconstructed the NGS precipitation over the period spanning from 1600–2005. The reconstruction accounted for 28.5 % of the actual variance during the common period of 1956–2005. Based on the reconstruction, NGS was extremely dry during the years 1656, 1694, 1703, 1736, 1897, 1907, 1943, 1982 and 1999. In contrast, the NGS was extremely wet during the years 1627, 1638, 1654, 1832, 1834–1835 and 1992. Similar variations of the NGS precipitation reconstruction series and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) reconstructions of early growing season from surrounding regions indicated the reliability of the present reconstruction. A comparison of the reconstruction with Climate Research Unit (CRU) gridded data revealed that our reconstruction was representative of the NGS precipitation variability of a large region in the SETP. Our study provides the first historical NGS precipitation reconstruction in the SETP which enriches the understanding of the long-term climate variability of this region. The NGS precipitation showed slightly increasing trend during the last decade which might accelerate regional hemlock forest growth.

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Responses of Larix principis-rupprechtii Radial Growth to Climatic Factors at Different Elevations on Guancen Mountain, North-Central China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f13010099 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Jiachuan Wang ◽

Shuheng Li ◽

Yili Guo ◽

Qi Yang ◽

Rui Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Ring Width ◽

Central China ◽

Summer Drought ◽

Climate Trends

Larix principis-rupprechtii is an important afforestation tree species in the North China alpine coniferous forest belt. Studying the correlations and response relationships between Larix principis-rupprechtii radial growth and climatic factors at different elevations is helpful for understanding the growth trends of L. principis-rupprechtiind its long-term sensitivity and adaptability to climate change. Pearson correlation, redundancy (RDA), and sliding analysis were performed to study the correlations and dynamic relationships between radial growth and climatic factors. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The three-elevation standard chronologies all exhibited high characteristic values, contained rich climate information and were suitable for tree-ring climatological analyses. (2) Both temperature and precipitation restricted low-elevation L. principis-rupprechtii radial growth, while monthly maximum temperatures mainly affected mid-high-elevation L. principis-rupprechtii radial growth. (3) Mid-elevation L. principis-rupprechtii radial growth responded to climate factors with a “lag effect” and was not restricted by spring and early summer drought. (4) Long-term sliding analysis showed that spring temperatures and winter precipitation were the main climatic factors restricting L. principis-rupprechtii growth under warming and drying climate trends at different elevations. The tree-ring width index and Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) were positively correlated, indicating that L. principis-rupprechtii growth is somewhat restricted by drought. These results provide a reference and guidance for L. principis-rupprechtii management and sustainable development in different regions under warming and drying background climate trends.

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Dendroclimatology and Dendroecology

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/0033-5894(71)90057-3 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 419-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Harold C. Fritts

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Physiological Activity ◽

Ring Width ◽

Growing Season ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

New Developments ◽

Cambial Age ◽

Tree Ring Data

Dendrochronology is the science of dating annual growth layers (rings) in woody plants. Two related subdisciplines are dendroclimatology and dendroecology. The former uses the information in dated rings to study problems of present and past climates, while the latter deals with changes in the local environment rather than regional climate.Successful applications of dendroclimatology and dendroecology depend upon careful stratification. Ring-width samples are selected from trees on limiting sites, where widths of growth layers vary greatly from one year to the next (sensitivity) and autocorrelation of the widths is not high. Rings also must be cross-dated and sufficiently replicated to provide precise dating. This selection and dating assures that the climatic information common to all trees, which is analogous to the “signal”, is large and properly placed in time. The random error or nonclimatic variations in growth, among trees, is analogous to “noise” and is reduced when ring-width indices are averaged for many trees.Some basic facts about the growth are presented along with a discussion of important physiological processes operating throughout the roots, stems, and leaves. Certain gradients associated with tree height, cambial age, and physiological activity control the size of the growth layers as they vary throughout the tree. These biological gradients interact with environmental variables and complicate the task of modeling the relationships linking growth with environment.Biological models are described for the relationships between variations in ring widths from conifers on arid sites, and variations in temperature and precpitation. These climatic factors may influence the tree at any time in the year. Conditions preceding the growing season sometimes have a greater influence on ring width than conditions during the growing season, and the relative effects of these factors on growth vary with latitude, altitude, and differences in factors of the site. The effects of some climatic factors on growth are negligible during certain times of the year, but important at other times. Climatic factors are sometimes directly related to growth and at other times are inversely related to growth. Statistical methods are described for ascertaining these differences in the climatic response of trees from different sites.A practical example is given of a tree-ring study and the mechanics are described for stratification and selection of tree-ring materials, for laboratory preparation, for cross-dating, and for computer processing. Several methods for calibration of the ring-width data with climatic variation are described. The most recent is multivariate analysis, which allows simultaneous calibration of a variety of tree-ring data representing different sites with a number of variables of climate.Several examples of applications of tree-ring analysis to problems of environment and climate are described. One is a specification from tree rings of anomalies in atmosphere circulation for a portion of the Northern Hemisphere since 1700 A.D. Another example treats and specifies past conditions in terms of conditional probabilities. Other methods of comparing present climate with past climate are described along with new developments in reconstructing past hydrologic conditions from tree rings.Tree-ring studies will be applied in the future to problems of temperate and mesic environments, and to problems of physiological, genetic, and anatomical variations within and among trees. New developments in the use of X-ray techniques will facilitate the measurement and study of cell size and cell density. Tree rings are an important source of information on productivity and dry-matter accumulation at various sites. Some tree-ring studies will deal with environmental pollution. Statistical developments will improve estimation of certain past anomalies in weather factors and the reconstructtion of atmosphere circulation associated with climate variability and change. Such information should improve chances for measuring and assessing the possibility of inadvertent modification of climate by man.

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The effect of climatic factors on the radial growth of Japanese ash in northern Hokkaido, Japan

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x26-231 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 2052-2055 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. Yasue ◽

R. Funada ◽

T. Kondo ◽

O. Kobayashi ◽

K. Fukazawa

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Ring Width ◽

Growing Season ◽

Ring Network ◽

Autoregressive Modeling ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Residual Chronology

The influence of climate on the radial growth of Japanese ash (Fraxinusmandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim.) in northern Hokkaido, Japan, was investigated. Fifteen trees were selected and ring widths were measured. Standardization and autoregressive modeling were applied to the series of ring widths for isolation of the climatic signal. A response function was calculated for the relationship between residual chronology and monthly temperature and precipitation. In the season that preceded the growth, December precipitation is negatively correlated with ring width. During the growing season, May temperature is negatively correlated with ring width, while both temperature and precipitation in July are positively correlated with ring width. The results reveal the potential usefulness of Japanese ash for reconstruction of past climate in Hokkaido. The chronology of Japanese ash contributes to a development of a tree-ring network in Japan that is still sparse.

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Xylem Plasticity in Pinus pinaster and Quercus ilex Growing at Sites with Different Water Availability in the Mediterranean Region: Relations between Intra-Annual Density Fluctuations and Environmental Conditions

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11040379 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 379

Author(s):

Angela Balzano ◽

Giovanna Battipaglia ◽

Paolo Cherubini ◽

Veronica De Micco

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Pinus Pinaster ◽

Quercus Ilex ◽

Central Italy ◽

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Density Fluctuations ◽

Summer Drought ◽

Lumen Area ◽

Hardwood Species

Fluctuations in climatic conditions during the growing season are recorded in Mediterranean tree-rings and often result in intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs). Dendroecology and quantitative wood anatomy analyses were used to characterize the relations between the variability of IADF traits and climatic drivers in Pinus pinaster Aiton and Quercus ilex L. growing at sites with different water availability on the Elba island in Central Italy. Our results showed that both species present high xylem plasticity resulting in the formation of L-type IADFs (L-IADFs), consisting of earlywood-like cells in latewood. The occurrence of such IADFs was linked to rain events following periods of summer drought. The formation of L-IADFs in both species increased the hydraulic conductivity late in the growing season, due to their larger lumen area in comparison to “true latewood”. The two species expressed greater similarity under arid conditions, as unfavorable climates constrained trait variation. Wood density, measured as the percentage of cell walls over total xylem area, IADF frequency, as well as conduit lumen area and vessel frequency, specifically in the hardwood species, proved to be efficient proxies to encode climate signals recorded in the xylem. The response of these anatomical traits to climatic variations was found to be species- and site-specific.

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The Relationship between Tree-Ring Growths of Pinus densiflora and Climate from Three Mountains in Central Region, the Republic of Korea

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12070878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 878

Author(s):

Chang-Hyun Park ◽

Ui-Cheon Lee ◽

Soo-Chul Kim ◽

Kwang-Hee Lee

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

National Parks ◽

Central Region ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Pinus Densiflora ◽

Ring Width ◽

Republic Of Korea ◽

Logarithmic Curve ◽

The Republic ◽

The Relationship

To analyze the relationship between climatic factors (monthly mean temperature and total precipitation) and tree-ring growths of Pinus densiflora from the central region of the Republic of Korea, more than 20 trees were sampled from three national parks. The tree-ring chronology of Mt. Bukhan covering the period of 1917–2016 was assessed, as well as that of Mt. Seorak across 1687–2017 and Mt. Worak across 1777–2017. After cross-dating, each ring-width series was double-standardized by first fitting a logarithmic curve and then a 50 year cubic spline. Climate-growth relationships were computed with bootstrap correlation functions. The result of the analysis showed a positive response from the current March temperature and May precipitations for tree-ring growth of Pinus densiflora. It indicates that a higher temperature supply during early spring season and precipitation during cambium activity are important for radial growths of Pinus densiflora from the central region in the Republic of Korea.

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Dendrochronological analysis and growth patterns of Polylepis reticulata (Rosaceae) in the Ecuadorian Andes

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-40190240 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 331-S5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Alvites ◽

G. Battipaglia ◽

G. Santopuoli ◽

H. Hampel ◽

R.F. Vázquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Ring Width ◽

Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

Sources Of Information

ABSTRACTRelict tree species in the Andean mountains are important sources of information about climate variability and climate change. This study deals with dendroclimatology and growth patterns in Polylepis reticulata Hieron., growing at high elevation (mean of 4000 m a.s.l.) in three sites of the Ecuadorian Andes. The aims of the research were: (i) characterizing tree-ring boundaries; (ii) describing tree-ring patterns of the study sites; (iii) investigating the relationships between climate and radial tree growth; and (iv) determining the spatial correlation between seasonal climatic factors and tree-ring width of P. reticulata. Tree rings were characterized by semi-ring porosity and slight differences in fibre wall thickness between latewood and subsequent earlywood. In all sampling sites, tree rings in heartwood were more clearly visible than in sapwood. Tree-ring width was more related to temperature than to precipitation, with growth being also affected by site conditions and stand structure, as well as other local factors. No significant relationships were found between tree-ring chronologies of P. reticulata and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Vapour Pressure Deficit indices. The study highlights that there is not a clear driving climate factor for radial growth of P. reticulata. Additional research is needed to study growth dynamics of this species and the impacts of local environmental variables.

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The influence of climatic conditions on the tree-ring width of wild service trees (Sorbus torminalis L.) in Wielkopolska

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.1515/frp-2016-0013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 117-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Cedro

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Ring Width ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Pointer Years ◽

The North ◽

Sorbus Torminalis ◽

Temperature And Precipitation

AbstractThe wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis L.) is a very rare tree species in Poland, where it reaches the north-eastern border of its natural range. The majority of this species’ stands is found in Wielkopolska. This study was aimed at examining the relationships between the growth and climate for trees of the species Sorbus torminalis L. growing in the Wielkopolska National Park and the Pniewy forest district (Wielkopolska). The samples for the analysis were taken from 63 trees. However, taking into account the missing growth rings and the difficult identification of the tree ring borders in sapwood, only ca. 30% of the samples could be synchronised and dated accurately. Applying the classic methods of dendrochronological dating, a 94- year STW chronology was constructed, spanning the years of 1920-2013. The chronology, in turn, was used as a basis for dendroclimatological analyses, including correlation, response function, and pointer years. The climatic data used in the analyses came from the meteorological station in Poznań; providing air temperature and precipitation for a period of 66 years (1948-2013) and 48 years of insolation data (1966-2013). Insolation had the highest negative impact and precipitation had the highest positive impact on the annual growth in May and June. Positive pointer years could be linked to humid months with low insolation during the growing season, while negative pointer years are characterised by deficient precipitation, a large number of sunny hours, and high air temperatures in the summer months.

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