Effect of chronic intake of ethanol on pyridine nucleotide levels in rat liver and kidney

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kalant ◽  
J. M. Khanna ◽  
Juliet Loth
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Ethanol Treatment ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
And Control

Adult male Wistar rats were given ethanol in dosage forms providing either 10–12 g/kg per day for 2 weeks or 9–10 g/kg per day for 6 weeks. Pair-fed controls received equicaloric amounts of either powdered chow or sucrose in place of the alcohol. After 2 weeks, ethanol-treated rats showed a significant increase in hepatic NADH2 concentration, a corresponding reduction in NAD concentration, and a fall in the NAD:NADH2 ratio. NADP and NADPH2 were not affected. After 6 weeks, total hepatic NAD + NADH2 in ethanol-treated rats was increased, but the NADH2 concentration remained elevated and the NAD:NADH2 ratio depressed. No similar changes were noted in the kidney. When ethanol was withheld for 16 h before sacrifice, the total NAD + NADH2 remained elevated but the NAD:NADH2 ratio returned to normal. An elevated hepatic concentration of NADPH2 and a reduced NADP: NADPH2 ratio were also found after 6 weeks of ethanol treatment, but these changes were not reversed after 16 h withdrawal of ethanol. The administration of a test dose of ethanol (1 g/kg), after a 16-h withdrawal period, was followed by very similar changes in the hepatic NAD:NADH2 ratio 1 and 4 h later, in ethanol-treated and control rats. Chronic ethanol treatment does not appear to produce adaptive changes leading to a more rapid reoxidation of NADH2.

scholarly journals Burn Wound Healing Activity of Prunella Grandiflora L. Exctract

Biomeditsina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
E. V. Bolotnik ◽  
L. I. Alekseeva ◽  
L. P. Larionov
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Burn Wound Healing ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

The qualitative composition of phenolic acids and burn wound healing activity of Prunella grandiflora L. extract were studied. The content of rosmarinic (621±5 mg/g), coffeic (11.2±0.2 mg/g), syringic (46.5±1.4 mg/g), n-coumaric (25.8±0.5 mg/g), and ferulic (42.7±2.9 mg/g) acids in dry extracts of P. grandiflora was determined by HPLC. Three new burn-healing agents of different composition containing 5% of the dry extract of Prunella grandiflora L. (big-flowered self-heal) were developed. The developed agents were tested on male Wistar rats with second- and third-degree thermal burns. An assessment of skin restoration was carried out in experimental and control groups of animals. It was revealed that animals treated with the developed soft dosage forms restored the epithelium and coat 6–8 days faster that those treated with compositions containing no extract under study. It was found that the developed soft dosage forms based on P. grandiflora extract exhibit anti-inflammatory and wound-healing action.

Trans-resveratrol supplement lowers lipid peroxidation responses of exercise in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Nasiri ◽  
Saja Ahmadizad ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Tayebe Zarekar ◽  
Mehdi Seydyousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Physical exercise increases free radicals production; antioxidant supplementation may improve the muscle fiber’s ability to scavenge ROS and protect muscles against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This study was designed to examine the effects of all-trans resveratrol supplementation as an antioxidant to mediate anti-oxidation and lipid per-oxidation responses to exercise in male Wistar rats. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal number (n = 16) including training + supplement (TS), training (T), supplement (S) and control (C) group. The rats in TS and S groups received a dose of 10 mg/kg resveratrol per day via gavage. The training groups ran on a rodent treadmill 5 times per week at the speed of 10 m/min for 10 min; the speed gradually increased to 30 m/min for 60 minutes at the end of 12th week. The acute phase of exercise protocol included a speed of 25 m/min set to an inclination of 10° to the exhaustion point. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants bilirubin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured after the exercise termination. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA level [4.5 ± 0.75 (C group) vs. 5.9 ± 0.41 nmol/l (T group)] whereas it decreased the total antioxidant capacity [8.5 ± 1.35 (C group) vs. 7.1 ± 0.55 mmol/l (T group)] (p = 0.001). In addition, GPx and CAT decreased but not significantly (p > 0.05). The training and t-resveratrol supplementation had no significant effect on the acute response of all variables except MDA [4.3 ± 1.4 (C group) vs. 4.0 ± 0.90 nmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.001) and TAC [8.5 ± 0.90 (C group) vs. 6.6 ± 0.80 mmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.004). It was concluded that resveratrol supplementation may prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Effects of a new thyrotropic drug isolated from Potentilla alba on the male reproductive system of rats and offspring development

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubov V. Krepkova ◽  
Valentina V. Bortnikova ◽  
Aleksandra N. Babenko ◽  
Praskovya G. Mizina ◽  
Vladimir A. Mkhitarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Study ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Offspring Development ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The dysfunction of the thyroid gland is a common medical condition. Nowadays, patients frequently use medicinal herbs as complementary or alternative options to conventional drug treatments. These patients may benefit from treatment of thyroid dysfunctions with Potentilla alba L. preparations. While it has been reported that Potentilla alba preparations have low toxicity, nothing is known about their ability to affect reproductive functions in patients of childbearing age. Methods Male Wistar rats were orally treated with a thyrotrophic botanical drug, standardized Potentilla alba Dry Extract (PADE), at doses 8 and 40 times higher than the median therapeutic dose recommended for the clinical trials, for 60 consecutive days. Male Wistar rats receiving water (H2O) were used as controls. After completing treatment, half of the PADE-treated and control males were used to determine PADE gonadotoxicity, and the remaining half of PADE-treated and control males were mated with intact females. Two female rats were housed with one male for two estrus cycles. PADE effects on fertility and fetal/offspring development were evaluated. Results Herein, we report that oral treatment of male Wistar rats with PADE before mating with intact females instigated marked effects on male reproductive organs. Treatment significantly decreased the motility of the sperm and increased the number of pathological forms of spermatozoa. Additionally, a dose-dependent effect on Leydig cells was observed. However, these PADE effects did not significantly affect male fertility nor fetal and offspring development when PADE-treated males were mated with intact females. Conclusions PADE treatment of male rates negatively affected sperm and testicular Leydig cell morphology. However, these changes did not affect male fertility and offspring development. It is currently not known whether PADE treatment may affect human male fertility and offspring development. Therefore, these results from an animal study need to be confirmed in humans. Results from this animal study can be used to model the exposure-response relationship and adverse outcomes in humans.

scholarly journals Effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet consumption in diabetic rats: Beneficial impact on glycemic and weight control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 16984-16996
Author(s):  
MMC Anyakudo ◽  
◽  
DO Adeniji ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Formulated Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

The metabolic response to nutrient ingestion and the rate of digestion and absorption of nutrient molecules in bowel physiology plays an important role in the metabolic control of some human chronic non-infectious diseases. This experimentally-controlled designed nutritional study which lasted eight weeks aimed to determine the effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HP/LC) formulated diet on glycemic tolerance, glycemic control, body weight, organ weight and organ morphometry in healthy and diabetic adult male Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats purchased from a disease-free stock were randomly categorized into four groups (n = 6, each) after two weeks acclimatization period in raised stainless steel cages with 6 mm2mesh floor and replaceable numbered blotters papers placed under each cage in a well-ventilated animal house. Animal groups include: Healthy control group (HC), Healthy treated group (HT), Diabetic control group (DC) and Diabetic treated group (DT. The animals were fed according to the experimental design with water ad libitumfor eight weeks. Diabetes was inducted with freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate solution (150 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally). Body weights and fasting blood sugar concentrations were measured twice weekly, while oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the last day of the eighth-week study and subsequently followed by organs extraction after anesthesia for weight and gross assessment. Proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet caused significant reduction in mean body weight of treated diabetic (DT: 22.6%; P= .001) and healthy (HT: 5.8%; P= .007) rats while the control animals on control diet recorded significant (P< .05) increase in body weight gain (DC: 12.4%; HC: 11.2%). Glycemic tolerance and control improved significantly in diabetic treated rats over that of the healthy treated rats. Gross morphometry of the extracted organs (kidneys, liver, heart, lungs, spleen and testes) revealed sustained normal morphological features without any visible lesion. In conclusion, consumption of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet enhanced body weight reduction and sustained normal organ morphological features with good glycemic tolerance and control in experimental rats, suggesting its dietary potentiality, safety and suitability to ameliorate obesity-related diabetes.

scholarly journals Microscopic and biochemical changes on liver and kidney of Wistar rats on combination antiretroviral therapy: the impact of naringenin and quercetin

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-608
Author(s):  
Edidiong Nnamso Akang ◽  
Olufunke O Dosumu ◽  
Ini-ibehe Essien Okoko ◽  
Oluwatomisin Faniyan ◽  
Ademola A Oremosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), which is a lifelong therapy for people living with human immunodeficiency virus, has been associated with nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity leading to its discontinuation. This study aimed at investigating the ameliorative potential of naringenin and quercetin on cART-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Seventy male Wistar rats (225–260 g) were divided into seven groups as control, cART, naringenin, quercetin, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), naringenin/cART (CN) and quercetin/cART (CQ). cART (24 mg/kg), naringenin (50 mg/kg) and quercetin (50 mg/kg) were dissolved in 1% v/v DMSO and administered orally for 56 days. Combination of cART and bioflavonoids had significant increase in superoxide dismutase (P &lt; 0.05), catalase (P &lt; 0.01), reduced glutathione (P &lt; 0.001) and decreased malondialdehyde (P &lt; 0.001) compared to cART only. Tumor necrosis factor Alpha (TNFα) level increased significantly in cART and CQ (P &lt; 0.01) groups, while others showed no significant changes compared to control. TNFα also significantly decreased in CQ level compared to cART (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, significant increase in creatinine level in cART only indicated progressive renal toxicity. Also, progressive pathological changes including congested blood vessels and hepatocellular necrosis were found in the liver, while the kidney had glomerular atrophy, and tubular distortion in cART-only group. Control, naringenin- and quercetin-treated groups showed normal renal and hepatic cytoarchitecture. These findings elucidate that progressive renal and hepatic toxicity is associated with the continuous use of cART; however, a combination of quercetin and naringenin with cART showed possible potential of ameliorating the damages posed by cART.

Enhancement of Exploratory Behavior by Strychnine Sulfate

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 876-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Theologus ◽  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
David G. Crough
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of strychnine sulfate on the exploratory behavior of male, Wistar rats in an open field. The number of times S reared in a stimulus square and the number of stimuli to which a S reared were recorded for both experimental and control Ss. Analyses of covariance performed on both measures of exploratory behavior showed that exploratory behavior was significantly increased by strychnine sulfate.

Novel Second Generation Platinum Containing Antineoplastic Agents Ssp, Sap, and Poly-Plat and Their Effect on Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Ec 1.1.1.49) in the Liver and Kidney of Male Wistar Rats.

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
T. P. Multhaupt ◽  
S.K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Antineoplastic Agents ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Normal Kidney ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Liver Tissues

Poly-(trans-l,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinumj-carboxyamylose (Poly-Plat); 5-SuIfosalicylato-trans-(l,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum (SSP); and 4-Hydroxy-a-sulfonylphenylacetato (trans 1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum (II) (SAP) (Andrulis Pharmaceuticals, Bethesda, MD) are three novel second generation platinum containing antineoplastic compounds. Initial studies indicate that these agents are more effective in the treatment of cancer while at the same time less toxic to the organism as a whole than cisplatin (CDDP). The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of these new compounds on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) as compared to CDDP treated and normal kidney and liver tissues.Wistar rats (100-120g) were given intraperitoneal injections of CDDP (9 mg/ kg) and Poly-Plat, SSP and SAP (10 mg/ kg) over a 5 day period. On day 6 the animals were sacrificed and tissues (kidney and liver) were freeze sectioned (7 μm). Sections were incubated in media according to the accepted method specific for the G-6-PDH localization at a pH of 7.46 for 30 min.

scholarly journals Modulation of rat hepatic and kidney phase II enzymes by cabbage juices: comparison with the effects of indole-3-carbinol and phenethyl isothiocyanate

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak ◽  
Hanna Szaefer ◽  
Agnieszka Bartoszek ◽  
Wanda Baer-Dubowska
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Phase Ii Enzymes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Chemopreventive Activity

The effect of raw cabbage and sauerkraut juices on the expression and activity of phase II enzymes, glutathioneS-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), in the rat liver and kidney was compared with that of two commercially available products of glucosinolate degradation: indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). Male Wistar rats were treated by oral administration with cabbage juices, I3C or PEITC for 4, 10 and 30 d. The results showed that juices, particularly sauerkraut juice as with I3C and PEITC, significantly increased GST and NQO1 activities in the rat liver. The only exception was the 30 d time point of feeding with raw cabbage juice. Cabbage juices, I3C and PEITC affected the hepatic GST μ to the greatest extent and GST α to a lesser extent. The results of the present study also showed that the treatment of rats with juices and compounds tested caused the translocation of the NF-E2-related transcription factor (Nrf2) active subunit from the cytosol to the nucleus, providing an argument for the involvement of this transcription factor in the induction of GST and NQO1. In contrast to the liver, cabbage juices affected only the renal GST θ, while treatment with I3C and PEITC significantly increased the activity of NQO1. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that induction of the key detoxifying enzymes by cabbage juices, particularly sauerkraut, may be responsible for their chemopreventive activity demonstrated by epidemiological studies and in animal models. However, the final effects might be organ or tissue dependent.

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