scholarly journals Original Article. Toxic effect of sodium fluoride on hydroxyproline level and expression of collagen-1 gene in rat bone and its amelioration by Tamrindus indica L. fruit pulp extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Raj Gupta ◽  
Sahadeb Dey ◽  
Mohini Saini ◽  
Devendra Swarup
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Collagen Gene ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Rat Bone

Abstract Excessive fluoride intoxication plays an important role in the development of dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. The aim of this study was to ascertain the toxic effect of excessive fluoride ingestion on the level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene in rat bone and its amelioration by supplementation with Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract. Forty albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group served as control and received only tap water. The second group received sodium fluoride (200 ppm) through drinking water. The third group received T. indica fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg body weight) alone and the fourth group received the T. indica fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg body weight) along with fluorinated drinking water (200 ppm) daily by gavage for a period of 90 days. The level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene using quantitative real time PCR in the tibia bone decreased significantly with continuous exposure to sodium fluoride. Co-administration of T. indica fruit pulp extract during exposure to fluoride through drinking water restored the level of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in serum and the concentration of hydroxyproline in urine. It increased the level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene in the tibia as compared to untreated fluoride-exposed rats. It is concluded that T. indica fruit pulp extract has an ameliorative potential to protect the bone from fluoride induced collagen damage.

Ultrastructural effects of lead acetate on brain of rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Deveci
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Brain

Lead is a metal that has been implicated in toxic processes, which affect several organ systems in humans and other animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural effects of lead on the brain of rats.Wistar Albino rats (180-200 g body weight) were divided into a controlled and lead acetate-exposed group. Rats received lead acetate at 500 ppm in their drinking water for 60 days. Both groups were fed with the same standard food, but lead acetate was added to the drinking water. During the experimental period, blood samples were drawn from the abdominal aorta of the anesthetised animals. At the end of exposure, body weight and blood lead levels were measured. The brain tissue samples were preapared and analysed by light and transmission electron microscopy. In the brain cortex, degeneration in some of the neuron cells, in the lumens of the blood vessels, dilation, hemorhagia and free floating erytrocytes were observed. Ultrastructural changes were revealed in the form of vacularisation of cell cytoplasm and degeneration in mitochondria, in the perinuclear cytoplasm, electron-dense inclusion bodies were detected, and dilation were in the endopasmic reticulum. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2006; 22: 419-422.

scholarly journals In vivo effect of the aqueous extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) fruit pulp on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O.O. Ogunleye ◽  
I.D. Jatau ◽  
A.J. Natala ◽  
CO Idehen ◽  
O. Salami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

This study investigated the effects of aqueous extract of fruit pulp of Adansonia digitata on albino rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Acute toxicity test was conducted on the extract and then analysed for some phytoconstituents. Thirty-five adult rats were divided into seven groups of five rats each. Group A were the non-infected control group while groups B, C, D, E, F and G were inoculated with 1x 106 trypanosomes per 100 g body weight (BW). At day 6 post infection (6 PI), groups C and D were treated with diminazene aceturate and vitamin C at dose rates of 3.5 mg/kg BW intra peritonealy once and 200 mg/kg BW orally for 3 days respectively, while groups E, F, G were orally treated for 3 days with 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg BW of the extract respectively. The rats were monitored for parasitaemia, PCV and body weight. The LD50 of the extract was greater than 9000 mg/kg. The phytochemical analysis revealed 3.51% flavonoid, 0.07% alkaloid, 0.10% saponin and 0.03.0% oxalate in the extract. While there was progressive increase in parasitaemia from day 6 PI in groups E and F throughout the study, parasitaemia decreases and was completely cleared by day 8 and 11 PI in groups C and G respectively. PCV of group A was not significantly different (p>0.05) from that of F and G. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the PCV of Group A and that of groups B and C and highly significantly different (p<0.01) with that of D and E. Significant (p<0.05) body weight increase of rats in groups D, E, F and G at day 10 PI was observed. Thus, fruit pulp of A. digitata at a dose of 9000 mg/kg was not toxic to rats, and contains active compounds with potential In vivo anti-trypanosoma activity. Keywords: Adansonia digitata, Albino rats, Animal trypanosomosis, Phytochemicals, Trypanosoma brucei brucei

The conditioning effect of large doses of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan K. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Adaptive Effect ◽  
Conditioning Effect

The influence of prolonged exposure of guinea pigs to excessive ascorbic acid (AA) on the outcome of pregnancy, as well as the adaptive effect of the vitamin either during preweanling life or following weaning, were examined. Continuous exposure to AA (1 mg/mL drinking water) from the time they were first mated up to the time of second pregnancy, had no significant effect on the number of offspring and on their weights at birth, when compared with that of the animals receiving 0.1 mg AA/mL drinking water. However, change in AA intake from 1 to 0.1 mg/mL drinking water, at the age of 21 days, resulted in a significant loss in body weight and reductions in the plasma, leucocyte, and adrenal concentrations of AA, as compared with those of the pair-fed animals receiving 0.1 mg/mL drinking water throughout. The present study also indicated that the conditioning effect is less pronounced in guinea pigs when exposed to the high AA following weanling age than in utero.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic and antiulcerative potential of Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. bark

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilutpal Sharma Bora ◽  
Partha Sarathi Bairy ◽  
Abdus Salam ◽  
Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. has been used by many ethnic communities of Northeast India to mitigate various disorders like dyspepsia, ulcers, diabetes, etc. However, a robust scientific study on its antidiabetic and antiulcer potential is unavailable till date. The aim of this present study is to scientifically validate if the antidiabetic and antiulcer effects reported by the ethnic tribes of Assam has any scientific value or not. The effects were tested in adult Wistar albino rats using approved animal models for preclinical testing of pharmacological activities. Results The hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. was prepared and its LD50 was calculated. The LD50 was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The extract at doses of 250 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight was found to exhibit a very potent dose-dependent antidiabetic activity. The results were backed by a battery of test including analysis of serum levels of blood glucose, lipid profiles, in vivo antioxidant enzymes, and histopathological studies. Evidence of dose-dependent antiulcer activity of the extract was backed by robust scientific data. It was found that HAEGL induced a significant dose-dependent increase in the ulcer index in both alcohol-induced and acetic acid-induced ulcer models, which was evident from the macroscopic observation of the inner lining of the gastric mucosa and the histological evaluation of the extracted stomach. Conclusion The results suggested that the bark of Garcinia lanceifolia (Roxb.) has significant antidiabetic and antiulcer potential. Further studies with respect to the development herbal dosage forms and its safety evaluation are required.

scholarly journals Efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for patient with morbid obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Ichikawa ◽  
Hirofumi Imoto ◽  
Naoki Tanaka ◽  
Hiroaki Musha ◽  
Shojiro Sawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Body Weight Loss

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery is effective for the treatment of patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), for body weight loss and glycemic control. However, in Japan, there has been no previous report of the effectiveness bariatric surgery in a case of morbid obesity associated with acute onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), in which pancreatic β-cells were destroyed and endogenous insulin was depleted. Case presentation A 36-year-old woman with morbid obesity and T1DM, diagnosed when she was 6 years, was admitted for bariatric surgery. At her first consultation, she had a body weight of 106.7 kg and a body mass index of 42.2 kg/m2. Her HbA1c level was 9.0%, with a required daily insulin dose of 75 units. She underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. At 1 year after surgery, her body weight had decreased to 81.0 kg and her body mass index to 32.2 kg/m2. In addition, her daily required dose of insulin had decreased to 24 units, with an improvement in her HbA1c level to 7.7%. Conclusions Although further evidence needs to be accumulated, including long-term outcomes, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy may provide an effective treatment for patients with morbid obesity and T1DM for body weight loss, improvement in HbA1c level, and insulin dose reduction.

scholarly journals Mitigative effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit extract against sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar male albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Mitta ◽  
Sushmitha Duddu ◽  
Raghuveer Yadav Pulala ◽  
Pradeepkumar Bhupalam ◽  
Venkatakirankumar Mandlem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of the present study is to evaluate the mitigative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Momordica cymbalaria fruits against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hepatotoxicity.MethodsIn this study, Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Group I and II served as normal and toxic controls. Group III as plant control received extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o and Groups IV and V as treatment groups received extract at a dose 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o for 30 days. All groups except Groups I and III received 100 ppm of NaF through drinking water. After completion of the study, blood collected for the estimation of liver blood serum biomarkers such as aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), direct and total bilirubin, total protein and albumin. The liver tissue homogenate was for estimation of lipid peroxidation, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels.ResultsThe results showed that NaF intoxication caused elevation of liver blood serum levels and lipid peroxidation; decreased levels of serum total protein, albumin and liver reduced glutathione, and catalase observed. The treatment groups showed decreased elevated serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, and ALP), liver lipid peroxidation and increased serum total protein and albumin, liver reduced glutathione and catalase levels in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological studies also further strongly supported for mitigative effects of the plant.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings of the study indicated that M. cymbalaria fruits were a potential drug candidate in the treatment of NaF induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals The Use of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil as an Additive to Drinking Water for Broiler Chickens and Its In Vitro Reaction with Enrofloxacin

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1535
Author(s):  
M. Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska ◽  
D. Szczerbińska ◽  
S. Zych
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Synergistic Reaction

Biological activity of lavender essential oil is a property that can potentially find an application in poultry nutrition. Nowadays, the use of bioactive compounds is encouraged in many areas of industry and agriculture, since these substances have similar properties as withdrawn antibiotic growth promoters. Additionally, antibiotic resistance bacteria are one of the most important current threats to animal health. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of lavender essential oil on the production parameters and blood parameters in broiler chickens and to assess the lavender oil’s in vitro reaction in a combination with enrofloxacin towards Escherichia coli. One-day-old non-sexed chicks (Ross 308) were divided into three experimental groups, each consisting of 100 individuals (five replicate of 20 boiler chicken each). The chickens in the control group received drinking water with no addition of lavender essential oil. In the experimental groups, lavender oil was added to the drinking water at a concentration of 0.4 mL/L, in the LEO1–42 from 1 to 42 days of age and the LEO22–42 group from the 22 to 42 days of age. The chickens’ body weight, feed consumption, water consumption, deaths and elimination due to health reasons were determined in the experiment. On day 42 of the chickens’ lives, blood samples were collected based on which selected parameters were identified. An in vitro experiment of lavender oil in combination with enrofloxacin was investigated with a checkerboard method. The results of the experiment showed the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of lavender essential oil and its positive effect on the production results of broiler chickens. The study results proved that the addition of lavender oil positively impacted the chickens’ final body weight and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01). No differences were observed between the groups for water consumption, death rate and the examined biochemical and immunological blood serum indices. Lavender essential oil was demonstrated to increase the blood serum’s total antioxidant status. A synergistic reaction in vitro was observed for lavender oil combined with enrofloxacin against resistant strains of Escherichia coli. Based on our study, a health-promoting effect of adding LEO to water for broiler chickens was found. Moreover, in vitro studies indicate a significant effect of lavender essential oil on the inhibition of the resistant strains of Escherichia coli growth and synergistic reaction with enrofloxacin.

Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu (Siddha herbal syrup formulation) in animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sundaram Malayappan ◽  
Gayathri Natarajan ◽  
Logamanian Mockaiyathevar ◽  
Meenakumari Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gross Pathology ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Abstract Objectives Madhulai Manappagu – a well-known sastric and widely prescribed Siddha herbal syrup formulation indicated for treating Veluppu Noi (Anaemia especially Iron deficiency Anaemia) has been in day today practice in Tamil Nadu for a quite longer decades. The syrup is a herbal preparation which has a sweet pleasant odour and a palatable taste, contain the juice of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the main ingredient. Though the formulation is a fruit juice, the safety profile of the syrup is not established and is being marketed without toxicological evaluation. The study is aimed at ascertaining the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu in Wistar Albino rats. Methods The acute and sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies were performed as per the guidelines mentioned in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 (adopted on December 2001) and TG 407 (adopted on October 2008) with slight modifications respectively. For acute toxicity study, three female rats were randomly selected as control; three female rats were randomly selected and were administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. For sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies, three doses of test drug MM of 500 mg/kg/day (low dose), 750 mg/kg/day (intermittent dose) and 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dose) were selected for administration. Both sexes of Wistar Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females). Group I was kept as control group. Group II, III and IV served as low, intermittent and high doses of MM respectively. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results In the acute toxicity study, rats showed no toxicological signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight of rats when treated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. In the subacute (28 days repeated oral) toxicity study, rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters when treated with Madhulai Manappagu in three different doses. Conclusions The toxicity studies which include both acute and 28 days repeated (subacute) oral toxicity studies, revealed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Madhulai Manappagu in animals. Thus the safety of the drug in human usage was ensured.

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