Fucoidan: Biological Activity in Liver Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (07) ◽  
pp. 1617-1632
Author(s):  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Chuanyong Guo ◽  
Jianye Wu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
New Research

Fucoidan is a type of polysaccharide rich in sulfuric acid groups and is mainly found in brown algae. Due to its extensive biological activities, such as anticoagulant, antitumor, antithrombotic, antiviral, anti-oxidant and enhancing immune function, fucoidan has gradually become a research hotspot. Under the scientific guidance of modern medical theory, fucoidan and its mechanism in oxidative stress, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, tumor proliferation, and metastasis have become a new research direction and an important basis as an effective liver protection drug. In this paper, we discuss the important role of fucoidan in viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver and liver injury induced by drugs and ischemia and briefly discuss its underlying mechanism. We supplement the theoretical basis for its clinical application and provide effective targets for the development of follow-up dominant drugs.

scholarly journals Advances in the role of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011
Author(s):  
Guanyu Zhang ◽  
Yiran Li ◽  
Jiasheng Xu ◽  
Zhenfang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
New Research ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the skeletal system in the clinic. It mainly occurs in adolescent patients and the pathogenesis of the disease is very complicated. The distant metastasis may occur in the early stage, and the prognosis is poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of about 18–25 nt in length that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. miRNAs can regulate target gene expression by promoting the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibiting the translation process, thereby the proliferation of OS cells can be inhibited and the apoptosis can be promoted; in this way, miRNAs can affect the metabolism of OS cells and can also participate in the occurrence, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of OS. Some miRNAs have already been found to be closely related to the prognosis of patients with OS. Unlike other reviews, this review summarizes the miRNA molecules closely related to the development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OS in recent years. The expression and influence of miRNA molecule on OS were discussed in detail, and the related research progress was summarized to provide a new research direction for early diagnosis and treatment of OS.

scholarly journals Has-miR-875-5p Inhibits Tumorigenesis by Targeting USF2 via TGF-β Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenshuo Gao ◽  
Zhikai Zhang ◽  
Xubin Wang ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Chensheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Gastric Cancer Cells ◽  
New Research

Abstract Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies, and more and more evdiences show that the pathogenesis is regulated by various miRNAs.In this study, we investigated the role of miR-875 in GC. Methods:The expression of miR-875-5p was detected in human GC specimens and cell lines by miRNA RT-PCR. The effect of miR-875-5p on GC proliferation was determined by CCK-8 proliferation assay and EDU assay. Migration and invasion were examined by transwell migration and invasion assay and wound healing assay. The interaction between miR-875-5p and its target gene USF2 was verified by a dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of miR-875-5p in vivo were studied in xenograft nude mice models.Related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results:The results showed that miR-875-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro, and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. USF2 proved to be a direct target of miR-875-5p. Knockdown of USF2 partially counteracts the effects of miR-875-5p inhibitors.Overexpression of miR-875-5p can inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion through the TGF-β signaling pathway by down-regulation of USF2 in GC, providing a new research direction for the diagnosis and targeted therapy of GC.Conclusions: MiR-875-5pcan inhibited the progression of GC by directly targeting USF2 and negatively regulating TGF-β signaling pathway.In the future, miR-875-5p is expected to be used as a potential therapeutic target for GC therapy.

scholarly journals Role of Anti-oxidants in the Treatment of Vitiligo

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Sudha Agrawal ◽  
Tapan Kumar Dhali ◽  
Shankar Kumr Majhi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introduction: The role of free radicals and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of vitiligo has been documented in recent studies. Antioxidant supplementation has been reported to be useful in the treatment of vitiligo. Objective: To evaluate the role of oral antioxidants supplementation therapy in the treatment of vitiligo by assessing the onset of repigmentation and oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 cases of vitiligo randomized into two groups: antioxidant and placebo comprising 40 patients each and were followed up for 8 weeks for the assessment of onset of repigmentation of vitiliginous lesions as primary outcome.  The activities of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Vitamin C, and Vitamin E in serum and of Catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes of patients at baseline and at end of eight weeks were also assessed by using the spectrophotometric assay. Results: The onset of repigmentation was noted significantly earlier among the anti-oxidant group as compared to the placebo group (p=0.015). At the baseline, between the two groups, no significant difference was found in the different biochemical parameters. However, at the end of 2 months the level of MDA (p<0.001) was found to be significantly lower and that of Vitamin E (p<0.001) and CAT (p=0.005) was significantly higher among the anti-oxidants group as compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: Antioxidant supplementation carried a better response in terms of early onset of repigmentation and significant decrease in the oxidative stress, in the short follow up of two months.

scholarly journals Research progress of icariin, an extract of traditional Chinese medicine, in the treatment of asthma

2022 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Jia-ying Yuan ◽  
Zhi-ying Tong ◽  
Yu-chao Dong ◽  
Jia-yi Zhao ◽  
Yan Shang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Research

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic airway disease, and long-term management of asthma is the focus and difficulty of clinical treatment. Glucocorticoids are often used as the first choice for the treatment of asthma. However, the occurrence of hormone dependence, hormone resistance, local and systemic adverse reactions caused by hormone application also brings problems for the treatment of asthma. Finding safe and effective new therapeutic drugs is an important research direction at present. Icariin is the effective ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine Epimedium. It has various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and immune regulation. It has high safety and has a wide range of clinical applications. Icariin has the characteristics of multi-target intervention in the treatment of asthma. This article reviews recent studies in order to provide new research directions for further therapeutic drug development.

CSN5 promotes carcinogenesis of thyroid carcinoma cells through ANGPTL2

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyi Xie ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jiayu Fang ◽  
Dongnian Du ◽  
Ze Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Metastasis

Abstract COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5) plays a key role in carcinogenesis of multiple cancers, and contributes to stabilization of target proteins through deubiquitylation. However, the underlying role of CSN5 in thyroid carcinoma has not been reported. In this research, our data showed that CSN5 was overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma tissues compared with para-cancerous tissues. Furthermore, a series of gain/loss functional assays were performed to demonstrate the role of CSN5 in facilitating thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis. Additionally, we found that there was a positive correlation between CSN5 and angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) protein levels in thyroid carcinoma tissues and that CSN5 promoted thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis through ANGPTL2. We also identified the underlying mechanism that CSN5 elevated ANGPTL2 protein level through directly binding it, and decreasing its ubiquitination and degradation. Overall, our results highlight the significance of CSN5 in promoting thyroid carcinoma carcinogenesis and implicate CSN5 as a promising candidate for thyroid carcinoma treatment.

scholarly journals Bornlisy Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer via Inhibiting GPR43-Mediated Glycolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Lu ◽  
Shuping Qiao ◽  
Chen Peng ◽  
Wenyue Yan ◽  
Zhen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis

There is evidence that probiotics have a broad antitumor effect in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism remains obscure. Here, we investigated the effect of Bornlisy (BO)-cocktails of three probiotics on colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) and the underlying mechanism. The treatment of CAC mice with BO resulted in decreased tumor loads as compared with their counterparts. BO also inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro. Furthermore, BO inhibited cell proliferation through downregulating glycolysis. Activating glycolysis reversed the protective role of BO in the CAC mice. Mechanically, BO administration promoted the activation of GPR43, followed by its downstream PLC-PKC-ERK pathway, which led to decreased glucose metabolism. These results suggest that BO may provide an intervention strategy for CRC therapy, while GPR43 is a potential targeting receptor during the BO treatment.

scholarly journals Optimal Parallelization Of Loop Structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 6907-6913
Author(s):  
Monica-Iuliana Ciaca ◽  
Loredana Mocean ◽  
Alexandru Vancea ◽  
Mihai Avornicului
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Parallelization ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Definite Answer ◽  
New Research ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Important Research Direction

This paper is intended to be a follow up of the work done by the authors in previous articles. On one hand it is concluded with a theorem that proves to be a definite answer to one very important research direction and on the other hand it is an opening of new research directions in the field of loop structures automatic parallelization.

scholarly journals Circulating tumour cells in thyroid carcinoma - the prognostic role of this biomarker. Review of the literature.

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Iulian Claudiu Bădulescu ◽  
Elena Bărbuș ◽  
Doina Piciu
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
High Survival ◽  
New Research

Thyroid cancer is a disease with a good prognosis and high survival rates, but having a marked growth of incidence all over the world in the last years. This fact requires special attention of researchers for understanding the behavior of this disease and to establish a correct therapy. Analysis of circulating tumor cells in patients with different malignancies is nowadays a new and exciting research tool, which can improve the diagnosis and prevent the metastatic disease. In the case of thyroid carcinoma there are few studies which explore these biomarkers and investigate the prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells. With this review we seek to emphasize the role of these cells to better understand the mechanisms of invasion or metastasis and to establish a new research base to treat aggressive forms of this type of cancer. Most of the included studies demonstrate the efficacy of these markers for diagnosis and follow up.

scholarly journals How Important Are Structural Variants for Speciation?

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Linyi Zhang ◽  
Radka Reifová ◽  
Zuzana Halenková ◽  
Zachariah Gompert
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Structural Variants ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Empirical Approaches

Understanding the genetic basis of reproductive isolation is a central issue in the study of speciation. Structural variants (SVs); that is, structural changes in DNA, including inversions, translocations, insertions, deletions, and duplications, are common in a broad range of organisms and have been hypothesized to play a central role in speciation. Recent advances in molecular and statistical methods have identified structural variants, especially inversions, underlying ecologically important traits; thus, suggesting these mutations contribute to adaptation. However, the contribution of structural variants to reproductive isolation between species—and the underlying mechanism by which structural variants most often contribute to speciation—remain unclear. Here, we review (i) different mechanisms by which structural variants can generate or maintain reproductive isolation; (ii) patterns expected with these different mechanisms; and (iii) relevant empirical examples of each. We also summarize the available sequencing and bioinformatic methods to detect structural variants. Lastly, we suggest empirical approaches and new research directions to help obtain a more complete assessment of the role of structural variants in speciation.

scholarly journals Circulating IGFBP-2 levels are inversely associated with the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052093521
Author(s):  
Ji Yang ◽  
Wenjing Zhou ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Liqian Xu ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Objective The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is essential for the body’s metabolism. The hepatokine, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), acts as a major regulator of this metabolism. We aimed to evaluate the role of serum IGFBP-2 in the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods This hospital-based prospective cohort study recruited residents from a health program from January to November 2013, and re-invited them for follow-up in 2016. The occurrence of NAFLD was noted and IGFBP-2 levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at both visits. Results Of 763 participants at baseline, 296 completed the re-evaluation. Baseline serum IGFBP-2 levels were significantly lower in subjects with NAFLD compared with those without NAFLD. Circulating IGFBP-2 levels were negatively correlated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, alanine transaminase, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and insulin. IGFBP-2 levels at follow-up decreased in subjects who developed NAFLD compared with those who did not. Higher circulating levels of IGFBP-2 at baseline were negatively associated with the incidence of NAFLD. Conclusion These results indicate that IGFBP-2 levels are inversely associated with the risk of NAFLD. This offers new insights into the role of circulating IGFBP-2, as an IGF-axis hepatokine, in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis.

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