ACCURATE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL INTERCONNECTS IN NANO-FPGAs

NANO ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVOOD FATHI ◽  
BEHJAT FOROUZANDEH
Keyword(s):  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Global Interconnects ◽  
Technology Nodes ◽  
Model Technique

This paper introduces a new technique for analyzing the behavior of global interconnects in FPGAs, for nanoscale technologies. Using this new enhanced modeling method, new enhanced accurate expressions for calculating the propagation delay of global interconnects in nano-FPGAs have been derived. In order to verify the proposed model, we have performed the delay simulations in 45 nm, 65 nm, 90 nm, and 130 nm technology nodes, with our modeling method and the conventional Pi-model technique. Then, the results obtained from these two methods have been compared with HSPICE simulation results. The obtained results show a better match in the propagation delay computations for global interconnects between our proposed model and HSPICE simulations, with respect to the conventional techniques such as Pi-model. According to the obtained results, the difference between our model and HSPICE simulations in the mentioned technology nodes is (0.29–22.92)%, whereas this difference is (11.13–38.29)% for another model.

Modeling of Crosstalk Induced Effects in Copper-Based Nanointerconnects: An ABCD Parameter Matrix-Based Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1540007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manodipan Sahoo ◽  
Hafizur Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Copper Interconnects ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Delay Minimization ◽  
Parameter Matrix ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Global Interconnects ◽  
Technology Nodes ◽  
Huge Challenge

Aggressive miniaturization has led to severe performance and signal integrity issues in copper-based interconnects in the nanometric regime. As a consequence, development of a proper analytical model for such interconnects is extremely important. In this work, an ABCD parameter matrix-based model is presented for fast and accurate estimation of crosstalk delay and noise for identically coupled copper-based nanointerconnect systems. Using the proposed model, the crosstalk delay and noise are estimated in copper based nanointerconnects for intermediate and global interconnects at the future integrated circuit technology nodes of 21 and 15 nm, respectively. Proposed model has been compared with SPICE and it is found that this model is almost 100% accurate as SPICE with respect to both the crosstalk delay as well as noise. Moreover, this model is as much as ~ 63 and ~ 155 times faster, respectively. From the crosstalk delay and noise analysis of unrepeated interconnects, it is observed that both delay and noise contribution will increase in scaled technology nodes. The same trend is observed also for the repeated interconnects. Also more number of repeaters and higher repeater sizes will be needed for delay minimization as we scale deeper. So as far as crosstalk induced effects are concerned, the copper interconnects will face a huge challenge to overcome in nanometer technology nodes.

A NEW REPEATER INSERTION TECHNIQUE FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF GLOBAL INTERCONNECTS IN NANO-VLSI

NANO ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 04 (06) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
DAVOOD FATHI ◽  
BEHJAT FOROUZANDEH
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Vlsi Circuits ◽  
New Method ◽  
Insertion Technique ◽  
Capacitive Load ◽  
Global Interconnects ◽  
Technology Nodes ◽  
Partitioning Technique ◽  
Energy Delay Product

In this paper, a new method for global interconnects optimization in nanoscale VLSI circuits using unequal repeater (buffer) partitioning technique is presented. The optimization is performed with the energy-delay product minimization at 65, 90, and 130 nm technology nodes and various loads, using the genetic algorithm (GA) of MATLAB. The results show more improvements of the total propagation delay with respect to the traditional equal buffer partitioning technique. This improvement is obvious for 90 and 130 nm, and with increasing capacitive load, the improvement will be achieved for 65 nm.

scholarly journals Modeling of contact interface between two material layers in hybrid structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
Nga Nguyen Thi Thu ◽  
Hung Tran Nam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
Contact Interface ◽  
Homogenization Procedure ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Difference

In hybrid structures, material layers of different mechanical properties are integrated to increase bearing capacity. When the difference in mechanical properties or thickness of the material layers is very large, debonding usually occurs along the interface between the two layers. This study uses a homogenization procedure combined with asymptotic algorithm applied on weaker/thinner materials to determine the interface stiffnesses for such structures. All the material layers and the interface are assumed to be linear elastic. Comprising with the available methods and numerical simulation results showed that the proposed model is more suitable with the work of the structures in reality. Furthermore, in this method the interface stiffnesses can be easily determined through the number and length of cracks and the dry or saturated state of the medium are also considered.

scholarly journals Annual Spread Rate of Tomentosus Root Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1053-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt ◽  
F. G. Peet
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Uninfected Control ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A New Technique

The spread rate of tomentosus root disease, caused by Inonotus tomentosus, was investigated by a new technique employing temporal differences in the initiation of the reduced annual radial increment between pairs of diseased trees. Pairs of infected trees (stumps) located on the periphery of disease centers were selected in each of six widely separated spruce (Picea spp.) stands in British Columbia. Distances between 12 pairs of stumps were measured, and disks were collected from each stump. Similarly, disks from four additional pairs were collected from trees in a younger stand. Uninfected control disks were collected for all sites. Tree-ring measurements were determined for all disk samples and the year in which the reduction of the annual increment attributable to I. tomentosus began was determined for infected trees. The difference between initiation years for pairs of infected trees divided into the distance between them produced an average annual spread rate of 20 cm/yr. This rate will be used in developing a model for the disease.

Modulation instability in nonlinear chiral fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demissie Jobir Gelmecha ◽  
Ram Sewak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Pulse Propagation ◽  
Modulation Instability ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Gain Spectrum ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Difference

AbstractIn this paper, the rigorous derivations of generalized coupled chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equations (CCNLSEs) and their modulation instability analysis have been explored theoretically and computationally. With the consideration of Maxwell’s equations and Post’s constitutive relations, a generalized CCNLSE has been derived, which describes the evolution of left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) and right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) components propagating through single-core nonlinear chiral fiber. The analysis of modulation instability in nonlinear chiral fiber has been investigated starting from CCNLSEs. Based on a theoretical model and numerical simulations, the difference on the modulation instability gain spectrum in LCP and RCP components through chiral fiber has been analyzed by considering loss and chirality into account. The obtained simulation results have shown that the loss distorts the sidebands of the modulation instability gain spectrum, while chirality modulates the gain for LCP and RCP components in a different manner. This suggests that adjusting chirality strength may control the loss, and nonlinearity simultaneously provides stable modulated pulse propagation.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation for the Resin Filling Behavior during Ultraviolet Nanoimprint Lithography of Subwavelength Moth-Eye Nanostructure

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Yuanchi Cui ◽  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
Chengpeng Zhang ◽  
Jilai Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Nanoimprint Lithography ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Boundary Slip ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Inlet Velocity ◽  
Filling Height ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

Accurate analysis of the resin filling process into the mold cavity is necessary for the high-precision fabrication of moth-eye nanostructure using the ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) technique. In this research, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model was proposed to reveal resin filling behavior, in which the effect of boundary slip was considered. By comparison with the experimental results, a good consistency was found, indicating that the simulation model could be used to analyze the resin filling behavior. Based on the proposed model, the effects of process parameters on resin filling behavior were analyzed, including resin viscosity, inlet velocity and resin thickness. It was found that the inlet velocity showed a more significant effect on filling height than the resin viscosity and thickness. Besides, the effects of boundary conditions on resin filling behavior were investigated, and it was found the boundary slip had a significant influence on resin filling behavior, and excellent filling results were obtained with a larger slip velocity on the mold side. This research could provide guidance for a more comprehensive understanding of the resin filling behavior during UV-NIL of subwavelength moth-eye nanostructure.

scholarly journals Functional and aesthetic outcomes of spreader graft and auto-spreader flap after nasal hump removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged Baher Naguib ◽  
Mohamed Rifaat Ahmed ◽  
Yasser Taha Madian ◽  
Tarek Mohamady Elnahriry ◽  
Wael Elshahat Eldeeb
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Spreader Graft ◽  
Spreader Flap ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Nasal Valve Collapse ◽  
Duration Of Operation

Abstract Background Following the reduction of the nasal hump to a desired level, spreader grafts are usually positioned to prevent the complication of nasal valve collapse. Auto-spreader flap is a new technique that gained more popularity recently and can be used as an alternative to spreader graft. This RCCT compared between both techniques aesthetically and functionally as well as the operative time. Results Forty patients, 17 males (42.5%) and 23 females (57.5%), were included. The mean duration of operation in auto-spreader flap was 11.8 ± 3.4 min, while it was 19.2 ± 3.2 min in spreader graft. The difference between the two procedures was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Functional assessment of nasal obstruction was done for all patients in both groups preoperative that was (75.6 ± 19.9) which showed marked improvement when re-evaluated 3 moths postoperatively (18.9 ± 14.7), and after 6 months NOSE scale was (29.1 ± 20.2). The overall aesthetic satisfaction was 62.5% (25 of 40) irrespective of the surgery done. Sixteen out of 20 patients in spreader group and 9 out of 20 in auto-spreader flap group. Conclusion Auto-spreader flap and spreader graft are very effective surgical procedure for treatment of nasal obstruction due to internal nasal valve dysfunction, but the auto-spreader flap had shorter operative time. However, spreader graft has a superior aesthetic outcome.

An Offset Reduction Technique for Latch Type Sense Amplifier in High Performance and High Density SRAM

2012 ◽  
Vol 542-543 ◽  
pp. 769-774
Author(s):  
Qun Ling Yu ◽  
Na Bai ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Rui Xing Li ◽  
Jun Ning Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Reduction Technique ◽  
Total Speed ◽  
Sense Amplifier ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Total Energy Dissipation

A new technique for reducing the offset of latch-type sense amplifier has been proposed and effect of enable signal voltage upon latch-type sense amplifier offset in SRAM has been investigated in this paper. Circuit simulation results on both StrongARM and Double-tail topologies show that the standard deviation of offset can be reduced by 31.23% (StrongARM SA) and 25.2% (Double-tail SA) , respectively, when the voltage of enable signal reaches 0.6V in TSMC 65nm CMOS technology. For a column of bit-cell (1024 bit-cell), the total speed is improved by 14.98% (StrongARAM SA) and 22.26% (Double-tail SA) at the optimal operation point separately, and the total energy dissipation is reduced by 30.45% and 29.47% with this scheme.

Wear of a Tool in Double-Disk Lapping of Silicon Wafers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Barylski ◽  
Mariusz Deja
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Silicon Wafers ◽  
Silicon Ingot ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Tool Wear Prediction ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Kinematical Parameters

Silicon wafers are the most widely used substrates for fabricating integrated circuits. A sequence of processes is needed to turn a silicon ingot into silicon wafers. One of the processes is flattening by lapping or by grinding to achieve a high degree of flatness and parallelism of the wafer [1, 2, 3]. Lapping can effectively remove or reduce the waviness induced by preceding operations [2, 4]. The main aim of this paper is to compare the simulation results with lapping experimental data obtained from the Polish producer of silicon wafers, the company Cemat Silicon from Warsaw (www.cematsil.com). Proposed model is going to be implemented by this company for the tool wear prediction. Proposed model can be applied for lapping or grinding with single or double-disc lapping kinematics [5, 6, 7]. Geometrical and kinematical relations with the simulations are presented in the work. Generated results for given workpiece diameter and for different kinematical parameters are studied using models programmed in the Matlab environment.

Modeling and simulation of saturated double rotor induction machine

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1139-1165
Author(s):  
Koosha Choobdari Omran ◽  
Ali Mosallanejad
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Induction Machine ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
State Equations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Park Transformation

Purpose Double rotor induction machine (DRIM) is a particular type of induction machine (IM) that has been introduced to improve the parameters of the conventional IM. The purpose of this study is to propose a dynamic model of the DRIM under saturated and unsaturated conditions by using the equations obtained in this paper. Also, skin and temperature effects are considered in this model. Design/methodology/approach First, the DRIM structure and its performance will be briefly reviewed. Then, to realize the DRIM model, the mathematical equations of the electrical and mechanical part of the DRIM will be presented by state equations in the q-d axis by using the Park transformation. In this paper, the magnetizing fluxes saturation is included in the DRIM model by considering the difference between the amplitudes of the unsaturated and saturated magnetizing fluxes. The skin and temperature effects are also considered in this model by correcting the rotor and stator resistances values during operation. Findings To evaluate the effects of the saturation and skin effects on DRIM performance and validate the model, the machine is simulated with/without consideration of saturation and skin effects by the proposed model. Then, the results, including torque, speed, stator and rotor currents, active and reactive power, efficiency, power factor and torque-speed characteristic, are compared. In addition, the performance of the DRIM has been investigated at different speed conditions and load variations. The proposed model is developed in Matlab/Simulink for the sake of validation. Originality/value This paper presents an understandable model of DRIM with and without saturation, which can be used to analyze the steady-state and transient behavior of the motor in different situations.

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