Electrospinning and Electrospraying with Cells for Applications in Biomanufacturing

Nano LIFE ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2141003
Author(s):  
Qilong Zhao ◽  
Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cell Seeding ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Cell Scaffold ◽  
Cell Microencapsulation

Biomanufacturing of cell-laden scaffolds with biomimetic cell-scaffold organizations resembling the structures and anatomy of human body tissues and organs holds great promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In human body tissues and organs, specific types of cells are supported by nanofibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) in well-defined three-dimensional (3D) manners. Electrospinning is a facile and effective technique for producing nanofibrous scaffolds, which exhibit high similarities in the structure compared to ECM that offers structural and mechanical supports to cells in the human body. The incorporation within the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds has therefore been considered as a promising approach for biomanufacturing of cell-laden scaffolds with tissue-mimicking structures. However, limited by low controllability of conventional cell seeding strategies and small sizes of interconnected pores of normal electrospun scaffolds, it is highly difficult to incorporate living cells within electrospun scaffolds on demand and results in cell-laden scaffolds with desirable 3D cell-scaffold organization. With recent advances in electrospinning and electrospraying with cells, it is visible to directly incorporate living cells within scaffolds via cell microencapsulation approaches and therefore offer promising alternatives for biomanufacturing of cell-laden scaffolds with tissue-mimicking structures. In this review, we will summarize the applications and challenges of cell seeding strategies and cell microencapsulation technologies for incorporating cells within electrospun scaffolds. Some techniques with high potentials to be integrated with electrospinning for forming the cell-laden scaffolds in continuous and noncontact manners, including aerodynamic-assisted cell microencapsulation, hydrodynamic-assisted cell microencapsulation and electrohydrodynamic-assisted cell microencapsulation (i.e., cell electrospinning and cell electrospraying), are highlighted. In particular, the cell microencapsulation and the subsequent formation of cell-laden scaffolds directly by electrospinning and electrospraying with living cells are overviewed in a detailed manner. Finally, the perspective and challenges of electrospinning and electrospraying with cells for biomanufacturing of cell-laden scaffolds with tissue-mimicking structures are discussed.

Cell-Incorporated Bioactive Tissue Engineering Scaffolds made by Concurrent Cell Electrospinning and Emulsion Electrospinning

Nano LIFE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Sun ◽  
Qilong Zhao ◽  
Li-Wu Zheng ◽  
William W. Lu ◽  
Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
Fibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Hybrid Scaffolds

Electrospun fibrous scaffolds attract great attention in tissue engineering owing to their high similarity in architecture to the extracellular matrix (ECM) that support cell attachment and growth in human bodies. Although they have shown superiority in promoting cell attachment and proliferation on their surfaces and hence, hold great promise for the regeneration of body tissues, the research still faces a great challenge of three-dimensional (3D) cell incorporation in electrospun scaffolds to form thick and cell-dense constructs because deep cell infiltration is hard to achieve in conventional electrospun scaffolds that normally have very small diameters of interconnected pores. Such hindrance has severely limited the clinical application of electrospun fibrous scaffolds to repair/regenerate various body tissues, particularly those with complex anatomies. To address this challenge, we have developed a concurrent cell electrospinning and emulsion electrospinning technique for fabricating bioactive bio-hybrid scaffolds with 3D and high-density cell incorporation. Through concurrent electrospinning, cell-encapsulated hydrogel fibers (“cell fibers”) and growth factor-containing ultrafine fibers are simultaneously deposited to form two-component scaffolds (i.e., scaffolds composed of two types of fibers) according to the design. With the breakup of cell fibers, live cells with well-preserved cell viability are released in situ inside the scaffolds, resulting in the creation of cell-incorporated bioactive scaffolds with ECM-mimicking fibrous architectures and 3D and high-density incorporation of cells. The growth and functions of incorporated cells in the scaffolds can be enhanced by the released growth factor from the emulsion electrospun fibrous component. The bioactive bio-hybrid scaffolds fabricated via concurrent electrospinning mimic the cell-matrix organization of body tissues and therefore have great potential for regenerating body tissues such as tendon and ligament.

Ultrasonic intra-body communication using semi-guided waves through human body tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. A31-A31
Author(s):  
John O. Gerguis ◽  
Mayukh Nath ◽  
Shreyas Sen
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Body Tissues

A practical pH-compatible fluorescent sensor for hydrazine in soil, water and living cells

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (22) ◽  
pp. 7380-7387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huming Yan ◽  
Fangjun Huo ◽  
Yongkang Yue ◽  
Jianbin Chao ◽  
Caixia Yin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The excellent water solubility of hydrazine (N2H4) allows it to easily invade the human body through the skin and respiratory tract, thereby damaging human organs and the central nervous system.

TT virus has a ubiquitous diffusion in human body tissues: analyses of paired serum and tissue samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pollicino ◽  
G. Raffa ◽  
G. Squadrito ◽  
L. Costantino ◽  
I. Cacciola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tt Virus ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Paired Serum

scholarly journals Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 3079-3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Oberbek ◽  
Tomasz Bolek ◽  
Adrian Chlanda ◽  
Seishiro Hirano ◽  
Sylwia Kusnieruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
The Impact

Nanomaterials, such as hydroxyapatite nanoparticles show a great promise for medical applications due to their unique properties at the nanoscale. However, there are concerns about the safety of using these materials in biological environments. Despite a great number of published studies of nanoobjects and their aggregates or agglomerates, the impact of their physicochemical properties (such as particle size, surface area, purity, details of structure and degree of agglomeration) on living cells is not yet fully understood. Significant differences in these properties, resulting from different manufacturing methods, are yet another problem to be taken into consideration. The aim of this work was to investigate the correlation between the properties of nanoscale hydroxyapatite from different synthesis methods and biological activity represented by the viability of four cell lines: A549, CHO, BEAS-2B and J774.1 to assess the influence of the nanoparticles on immune, reproductive and respiratory systems.

Viscoelastic Properties of Soft Tissue by Discrete Model Characterization

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Jamison ◽  
R. D. Marangoni ◽  
A. A. Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Viscoelastic Models ◽  
Pig Skin ◽  
Viscoelastic Parameters ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Viscoelastic Modeling ◽  
Injury Research

In order to study the response of the human body to acceleration and force, it is necessary to be able to relate force to deformation in various body tissues. Problems wherein this becomes essential include aerospace travel, crash injury research, and shock/vibration environments produced by mechanical systems. Since the tissues within the human body are viscoelastic in nature, it is important to apply proper viscoelastic relations when investigating the mechanics of deformation. This paper discusses on experimental technique for obtaining discrete viscoelastic models of soft biological tissues. The application of this experimental technique, using guinea pig skin as an example, is presented along with numerical results for the various viscoelastic parameters. A discussion of discrete viscoelastic modeling and the necessary mathematical equations for relating deformation to force is also included.

Nanomechanochemical Delivery of Nanoparticles for Nanomechanics Inside Living Cells

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungsuk Yum ◽  
Sungsoo Na ◽  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Min-Feng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Endocytic Pathway ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Single Molecule Level ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Biological Studies

Studying biological processes and mechanics in living cells is challenging but highly rewarding. Recent advances in experimental techniques have provided numerous ways to investigate cellular processes and mechanics of living cells. However, most of existing techniques for biomechanics are limited to experiments outside or on the membrane of cells, due to the difficulties in physically accessing the interior of living cells. On the other hand, nanomaterials, such as fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) and magnetic nanoparticles, have shown great promise to overcome such limitations due to their small sizes and excellent functionalities, including bright and stable fluorescence and remote manipulability. However, except a few systems, the use of nanoparticles has been limited to the study of biological studies on cell membranes or related to endocytosis, because of the difficulty of delivering dispersed and single nanoparticles into living cells. Various strategies have been explored, but delivered nanoparticles are often trapped in the endocytic pathway or form aggregates in the cytoplasm, limiting their further use. Here we show a nanoscale direct delivery method, named nanomechanochemical delivery, where we manipulate a nanotube-based nanoneedle, carrying “cargo” (QDs in this study), to mechanically penetrate the cell membrane, access specific areas inside cells, and release the cargo [1]. We selectively delivered well-dispersed QDs into either the cytoplasm or the nucleus of living cells. We quantified the dynamics of the delivered QDs by single-molecule tracking and demonstrated the applicability of the QDs as a nanoscale probe for studying nanomechanics inside living cells (by using the biomicrorhology method), revealing the biomechanical heterogeneity of the cellular environment. This method may allow new strategies for studying biological processes and mechanics in living cells with spatial and temporal precision, potentially at the single-molecule level.

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