scholarly journals Effects of multiple cycles of weight loss and regain on the body weight regulatory system in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (5) ◽  
pp. E863-E870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Rosenbaum ◽  
R. Scott Frayo ◽  
Susan J. Melhorn ◽  
David E. Cummings ◽  
Ellen A. Schur
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

We studied the effects of multiple cycles of weight loss and regain on the defended body weight in rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into three weight-matched groups: weight cyclers ( n = 18), ad libitum-fed controls ( n = 9), and maturity controls ( n = 9). Cyclers underwent four rounds of 20% weight loss from 50% caloric restriction, each cycle followed by recovery to stable plateau weight on ad libitum feeding. Controls ate ad libitum. Maturity controls ate ad libitum and then weight cycled the final two rounds to evaluate the effect of age in later cycles. Cyclers’ postdiet plateau weight became progressively lower than that of controls. With each weight loss, ghrelin increased, while insulin and leptin decreased; the magnitude of these changes did not differ across cycles. After four rounds, cyclers’ weight (504 ± 7 vs. 540 ± 22 g; P < 0.05) and percent body fat (11.7 vs. 15.2%; P < 0.05) were lower than in controls. After a 4-mo follow-up period of ad libitum feeding, cyclers maintained a lower total fat-pad mass versus controls (8.6 ± 0.5 vs. 15.9 ± 3.6 g; P < 0.01) and a lower glucose area-under-the-curve on oral glucose tolerance tests ( P < 0.05). Repeated weight-loss cycles exerted positive effects, durably lowering defended levels of body adiposity and improving glucose tolerance.

scholarly journals Intact Leptin Receptor Signalling is not Required for the Sustained Weight Loss and Appetite Suppression Induced by Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed K. Hankir ◽  
Laura Rotzinger ◽  
Arno Nordbeck ◽  
Caroline Corteville ◽  
Annett Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Rats

Leptin is the archetypal adipokine that promotes a negative whole-body energy balance largely through its action on brain leptin receptors. As such, the sustained weight loss and food intake suppression induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery have been attributed to enhancement of endogenous leptin action. We formally revisited this idea in Zucker Fatty fa/fa rats, an established genetic model of leptin receptor deficiency, and carefully compared their body weight, food intake and oral glucose tolerance after RYGB with that of sham-operated fa/fa (obese) and sham-operated fa/+ (lean) rats. We found that RYGB rats sustainably lost body weight, which converged with that of lean rats and was 25.5 % lower than that of obese rats by the end of the 4 week study period. Correspondingly, daily food intake of RYGB rats was similar to that of lean rats from the second postoperative week, while it was always at least 33.9 % lower than that of obese rats. Further, oral glucose tolerance of RYGB rats was normalized at the forth postoperative week. These findings assert that leptin is not an essential mediator of the sustained weight loss and food intake suppression as well as the improved glycemic control induced by RYGB, and instead point to additional circulating and/or neural factors.

Abstract 198: Oral Administration of the Mas Agonist A-1317 Produces Beneficial Cardiometabolic Effects in Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suellen F Vilas Boas ◽  
Janaina F Braga ◽  
Analina R Silva ◽  
Mariana F Oliveira ◽  
Robson A S Santos
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Inclusion Compound ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Mass

The beneficial effects of the Mas/Ang-(1-7) pathway prompted us to develop novel Ang-(1-7) analogues and ligands for Mas. In the present study, we evaluated the cardiometabolic effects of a pharmacological formulation developed by including the Mas agonist A-1317 in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). The inclusion compound was given orally (10 μg/Kg body weight) to Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and fructose-fed rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored for 5 hours after administration of a single dose of A-1317-HPβCD in conscious SHR. Seven-weeks-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with either normal rat chow (CTL) or the same diet plus 10% fructose in the drinking water (FFR). For the last 4 wk of a 9-wk period of each diet, a subgroup of each group of animals was treated daily with the oral A-1317 (CTL-A or FFR-A) or with vehicle (CTL-V or FFR-V). Rats were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (2 g/Kg body weight) concomitantly with the evaluation of plasma insulin levels. A-1317 reduced MAP with the maximum change occurring after 4 hours of administration (Δ=-23±2mmHg). There was no significant effect of A-1317 on HR of SHR. Once a day administration of A-1317 ameliorated all metabolic conditions altered by fructose-feed, including the glucose tolerance with less release of insulin and the decreased in the basal insulinemia. However no change in glycemia was observed. Regarding the lipidic metabolism, there was a decrease in the hepatic and serum tryacilglicerol levels (CTL-V=51±3; CTL-A=44±4; FFR-V=74±6; FFR-A=45±5 mg/dl serum levels), the body weight gain and the epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissue mass. Moreover hepatic and serum cholesterol levels were surprisingly diminished in both treated groups. These data suggest that A-1317 inclusion compound is an innovative therapeutic tool for treatment the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Optimization of tolerability and efficacy of the novel dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist KBP-089 through dose escalation and combination with a GLP-1 analog

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. E598-E607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Gydesen ◽  
Kim Vietz Andreassen ◽  
Sara Toftegaard Hjuler ◽  
Lars I. Hellgren ◽  
Morten Asser Karsdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dose Escalation ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Calcitonin Receptor

Amylin and GLP-1 agonism induce a well-known anorexic effect at dose initiation, which is managed by dose escalation. In this study we investigated how to optimize tolerability while maintaining efficacy of a novel, highly potent dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist (DACRA), KBP-089. Furthermore, we tested the GLP-1 add-on potential of KBP-089 in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. KBP-089 potently activated both the amylin and calcitonin receptors in vitro and demonstrated a prolonged receptor activation as well as a potent reduction of acute food intake. HFD rats dosed every day or every second day obtained equal weight loss at study end, albeit with an uneven reduction in both food intake and body weight in rats dosed every second day. In a 4-fold dose escalation, KBP-089 induced a transient reduction in food intake at every escalation step, with reducing magnitude over time, and the following treatment with 2.5, 10, and 40 µg/kg resulted in an ~15% vehicle-corrected weight loss, a corresponding reduction in adipose tissue (AT), and, in all treatment groups, improved oral glucose tolerance ( P < 0.01). Twofold and linear escalations suppressed body weight evenly with no significant reduction in food intake at either escalation step. KBP-089 (1.25 µg/kg) and liraglutide (50 µg/kg) reduced 24-h food intake by 29% and 37% compared with vehicle, respectively; however, when they were combined, 24-h food intake was reduced by 87%. Chronically, KBP-089 (1.25 µg/kg) and liraglutide (50 µg/kg) lowered body weight 8% and 2% in HFD rats, respectively, whereas the combination resulted in a 12% body weight reduction. Moreover, the combination improved glucose tolerance ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, DACRAs act complementarily with GLP-1 on food intake and body weight. Furthermore, on escalation, KBP-089 was well tolerated and induced and sustained a significant weight loss and a reduction in AT in lean and HFD rats, underscoring the potential of KBP-089 as an anti-obesity agent.

Studies of weaned lambs before, during and after a period of weight loss. II Body composition

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Searle ◽  
NMcC Graham ◽  
E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Lambs at pasture were weaned when nearly 15 kg, brought indoors and given a balanced diet. They were studied during growth from 15 to 25 kg, then underfed for 21 weeks, which caused their weight to return to 17 kg, and finally allowed to regain weight on ad libitum feeding. The recovery phase was not commenced until some sheep were no longer able to stand and feed. At about 15, 20 and 25 kg in each phase of the experiment, tritiated water (TOH) space was measured on all sheep, and some were slaughtered and the chemical composition of the body determined. Body composition estimated from TOH space agreed closely with that measured post mortem. Allowing for variation with weight, the composition of the empty body was affected slightly by under-nutrition and by compensatory growth, but there was no net effect of the whole cycle of events. The only clear effect of weight change on body composition was a reduction in the protein content (with corresponding increase in fat) during the later stage of weight loss.

The effect of compensatory growth in sheep on empty body weight, carcass weight and the weights of some offals

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Winter ◽  
N. M. Tulloh ◽  
D. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Ad Libitum

SummaryThe effects on the body composition of Corriedale wethers of weight loss, compensatory gain and constant body weight are described. Three groups of sheep were grown from 35–63 kg by different paths. The first grew continuously (fed ad libitum). The second and third groups lost 20% and 28% of body weight (restricted intake), respectively, from 48 kg and were then fed ad libitum until they reached 63 kg. Pairs of animals were slaughtered at intervals in each group. A fourth group of sheep was maintained at 48 kg. Analyses of covariance comparing regression equations were used to determine differences in body composition between the first three groups.The compensatory growth rates of both groups which had lost weight were 1·5–2 times those during continuous growth. These increases were associated with an increased gut content of these animals and a concomitant reduction in the proportion of empty body weight (EBW) and carcass weight (CW) in t he full body weight (FBW). Thus, the apparent dressing percentage (CW/FBW x 100) was reduced by 2% during compensatory growth. The carcass length was not reduced during weight loss and its growth in relation to the CW was not affected by treatment. Thus compensatory growth animals had longer carcasses. Similar increases in gut contents and carcass length were found for animals maintained at constant body weight.During developmental growth the proportions of the external offals, organs and gut tissue decreased in relation to the EBW; notable exceptions were the large intestine and caul fat where the proportions remained constant and increased, respectively.The growth of the CW, lungs, large intestine and head were not reversed during weight loss whilst the liver, heart, hide and gut tissues (except the large intestine) all lost more weight during weight loss than they had gained during the growth phase. The proportions of these latter components were increased in relation to the EBW during the ensuing compensatory growth.In general, the composition of animals held at constant body weight was similar to that of animals experiencing compensatory growth at the same weight and age.

Leptin prevents obesity induced by a high-fat diet after diet-induced weight loss in the marsupial S. crassicaudata

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. R734-R739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Wittert ◽  
Helen Turnbull ◽  
Perdita Hope ◽  
John E. Morley ◽  
Michael Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The aims of this study were to determine in the marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata, the effects of leptin on food intake, body weight, tail width (a reflection of fat stores), and leptin mRNA, after caloric restriction followed by refeeding ad libitum with either a standard or high-fat preferred diet. S. crassicaudata ( n = 32), were fed standard laboratory diet (LabD; 1.01 kcal/g, 20% fat) ad libitum for 3 days. On days 4-10, animals received LabD at 75% of basal intake and then ( days 11-25) were fed either LabD or a choice of LabD and mealworms (MW; 2.99 kcal/g, 30% fat); during this time, half the animals ( n = 8) in each group received either leptin (2.5 mg/kg) or PBS intraperitoneally two times daily. On day 26, animals were killed and fat was removed for assay of leptin mRNA. At baseline, body weight, tail width, and food intake were similar in each group. After caloric restriction, body weight ( P < 0.001) and tail width ( P < 0.001) decreased. On return to ad libitum feeding in the PBS-treated animals, body weight and tail width returned to baseline in the LabD-fed animals ( P < 0.001) and increased above baseline in the MW-fed animals ( P < 0.001). In the LabD groups, tail width ( P < 0.001) and body weight ( P < 0.001) decreased after leptin compared with PBS. In the MW groups, the increase in tail width ( P < 0.001) and body weight ( P = 0.001) were attenuated after leptin compared with PBS. The expression of leptin mRNA in groups fed MW were greater in PBS than in leptin-treated animals ( P < 0.05). Therefore, after diet-induced weight loss, leptin prevents a gain in fat mass in S. crassicaudata; this has potential implications for the therapeutic use of leptin.

Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus glomerata (L.) Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Mohini C. Upadhye ◽  
Uday Deokate ◽  
Rohini Pujari ◽  
Vishnu Thakare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

Background: Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples. It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities. Objective: The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace, was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein and protein concentrations was analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Conclusion: F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Body Shaping Through Aerobic Training in the Gym in Adult Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Alexandra Giurgiu ◽  
Iacob Hanțiu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Training Exercises

ABSTRACT. Introduction. Regular physical activity has positive effects on human body composition, even if not combined with a diet. For many people this activity aims to reduce the amount of fat in some areas of the body and targets body shaping. Objectives. The main objective of this study was to learn about the effects of a 12-months regular participation in aerobic training exercises. Methods. This study was voluntarily attended by 89 women with an average age of 31.62, practicing aerobic exercises in gyms, three times a week for a period of 12 months. We carried out anthropometric measurements of subjects at the beginning and at end of the study, respectively, and data was statistically analysed using the SPSS 23.0 software. Results. Data collected was statistically processed, showing that participation in physical training led to reducing body weight by 4.81 kg, decrease of adipose tissue - between the two moments there was a difference of 5 % - fat mass decreased by 4.26 kg, and lean body mass by 0.55 kg. Significant decrease in chest, waist and hip circumference was also noticed. Conclusions. Regular participation in physical training programs involving aerobic exercise for 12 months has had the effect of reducing body weight and the amount of fat in some areas of the body, materialized by decreasing the value of the circumference of the chest, waist and hips, with the intention of reaching the ideal body weight and aiming for body shaping.

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