scholarly journals Adaptation to 5 weeks of intermittent local vascular pressure increments; mechanisms to be considered in the development of primary hypertension?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Eiken ◽  
Antonis Elia ◽  
Håkan Sköldefors ◽  
Patrik Sundblad ◽  
Michail E. Keramidas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Hypertension ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ◽  
Induced Flow ◽  
Local Release ◽  
Intravascular Pressure

The aims were to study effects of iterative exposures to moderate elevations of local intravascular pressure on arterial/arteriolar stiffness and plasma levels of vasoactive substances. Pressures in the vasculature of an arm were increased by 150 mmHg in healthy men (n=11) before and after a 5-wk regimen, during which the vasculature in one arm was exposed to fifteen 40-min sessions of moderately increased transmural pressure (+65 to +105 mmHg). This vascular pressure training and the pressure-distension determinations were conducted by exposing the subjects arm versus remaining part of the body to differential ambient pressure. During the pressure-distension determinations, venous samples were simultaneously obtained from pressurized and unpressurized vessels. Pressure training reduced arterial pressure distension by 40 ± 23% and pressure-induced flow by 33 ± 30% (p<0.01), but only in the pressure-trained arm, suggesting local adaptive mechanisms. The distending pressure-diameter and distending pressure-flow curves, with training-induced increments in pressure thresholds and reductions in response gains, suggest that the increased precapillary stiffness was attributable to increased contractility and structural remodeling of the walls. Acute vascular pressure provocation induced local release of angiotensin-II (Ang-II) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) (p<0.05), suggesting that these vasoconstrictors limited the pressure distension. Pressure training increased basal levels of ET-1 and induced local pressure release of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (p<0.05), suggesting involvement of these substances in vascular remodeling. The findings are compatible with the notion that local intravascular pressure load acts as a prime mover in the development of primary hypertension.

L-arginine analogues blunt prostaglandin-related dilation of arterioles

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. H1194-H1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Koller ◽  
D. Sun ◽  
E. J. Messina ◽  
G. Kaley
Keyword(s):  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthesis ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Intravascular Pressure

The effects of arginine analogues, inhibitors of endothelium-derived nitric oxide synthesis, on dilation of arterioles in response to various vasoactive substances were studied. At 65 mmHg intravascular pressure, isolated arterioles of rat cremaster muscle developed tone spontaneously and achieved control diameters similar to those observed in vivo (84.1 +/- 2.0 microns vs. passive diameter: 161.3 +/- 3.4 microns). Acetylcholine (ACh, 5 x 10(-8) M), sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 5 x 10(-8) M), arachidonic acid (AA, 10(-7) M), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 10(-9) M), and adenosine (ADO, 10(-6) M) were added to the Krebs bicarbonate buffer solution, suffusing the vessels. The peak vasodilator effects of all agents were studied before and after the administration of various doses of N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 10(-5), 10(-4), and 10(-3) M), which significantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the basal diameter of arterioles by 3.6, 15.2, and 18.9%, respectively. The lowest concentration of L-NNA significantly inhibited arteriolar dilations to ACh by approximately 26%. Higher concentrations of L-NNA and N omega-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 10(-4) M) caused a further significant reduction in the dilation to ACh (to approximately 47%) and also significantly reduced dilator responses to AA and PGE2. In the presence of the highest concentration of L-NNA (10(-3) M), dilation to SNP and ADO were also significantly reduced. Removal of endothelium abolished dilation to ACh and AA but did not alter that to SNP, PGE2, or ADO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Parathyroid gland before and after cisplatin treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J.M. Fadool
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Strands

Cisplatin (CDDP) a potent antitumor agent suffers from severe toxic side effects with nephrotoxicity being the major dose-limiting factor, The primary mechanism of its action has been proposed to be through its cross-linking DNA strands. It has also been shown to inactivate various transport enzymes and induce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia that may be the underlying cause for some of its toxicities. The present is an effort to study its influence on the parathyroid gland for any hormonal changes that control calcium levels in the body.Male Swiss Wistar rats (Crl: (WI) BR) weighing 200-300 g and of 60 days in age were injected (ip) with cisplatin (7mg/kg in normal saline). The controls received saline injections only. The animals were injected (iv) with calcium (0.5 ml of 10% calcium gluconate/day) and were killed by decapitation on day 1 through 5. Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Body balance in a free-standing position in road and off-road cyclists

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Hebisz ◽  
Rafal Hebisz ◽  
Marek Zaton
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Road Cyclists

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this study was to compare body balance in road and off-road cyclists, immediately before and after the racing season.Material/Methods: Twenty individuals participated in the study and they were divided into two groups: specialists in road-cycling (n = 10) and in off-road cycling (n = 10). Immediately before and after the five-month racing season stabilographic trials were carried out (at rest and after progressive exercise). In assessing body balance the distance and velocity of the centre shifts (in the anterior-posterior and left-right direction) were analysed. The tests were performed with the cyclists’ eyes open, eyes closed, and in feedback.Results: After the racing season, in the off-road cyclists’ group, distance and velocity of the centre of pressure shifts increased after a progressive exercise.Conclusions: In the off-road cyclists’ group the balance of the body in the sagittal plane deteriorated after the racing season. Moreover, after the racing season off-road cyclists were characterized by a worse balance of the body, compared to road cyclists

Evaluation of the hormonal and biochemical changes in obese and non-obese PCOS Iraqi women before and after vitamin D supplementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (o3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suaad Muhssen Ghazi ◽  
Fatin Shallal Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Granulose Cells

Vitamin D deficiency is common in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Vitamin D plays an important physiologic role in reproductive functions of ovarian follicular development and luteinization through altering anti-müllerian hormone signaling, follicular stimulating hormone activity and progesterone production in human granulose cells. Vitamin D is precipitated in adipose fat tissues, making it notable to be used for the body as a result; obese people with high body mass index are already highly expected to have low levels of serum vitamin D.

EFEKTIVITAS BOOKLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN GIGI MULUT PADA IBU HAMIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Rahmaini Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Pregnancy causes physiological changes in the body and as well as in the oral cavity. Dental and oral diseases associated with pregnancy that is, gingivitis, periodontitis and pregnancy granuloma. Mouth dental disease during pregnancy is not only influenced by the pregnancy itself but rather the lack of knowledge about dental and oral health maintenance. Efforts to improve the knowledge of pregnant women about oral health is done by providing information, information necessary for health education media. In this case the media is created and used to improve the knowledge of pregnant women is the booklet. This study aimed to analyze the differences in knowledge and attitudes before and after maintenance booklet oral health in pregnant women. This study is a quasi experiment with one group pre  and post test design. The sample is the first trimester pregnant women who come to the health center in Sentosa Baru Medan as many as 34 people. Analysis of the data  forcompare the average difference in scores of knowledge and attitudes before and after the intervention used the Wilcoxon test. The results showed there is an increased knowledge and attitude maintenance of oral health in pregnant women after being given a booklet with a value of p < 0.001, a percentage increase of 30% knowledge and attitudes percentage of 37%. The conclusions of this study is increased knowledge and attitude maintenance of oral health in pregnant women after being given a booklet.

Pengaruh Pemberian Terapi Musik Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan dan Tingkat Stress Mahasiswa Semester VII Keperawatan dalam Menghadapi Tugas Skripsi di STIKES ICSADA Bojonegoro

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferawati Ferawati ◽  
Siti Amiyakun
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Science College ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Pressure Stress ◽  
Quasi Experiment

ABSTRAK Stress adalah suatu kondisi dimana tubuh terganggu karena tekanan psikologis. Stress dikaitkan bukan karena penyakit fisik lebih mengenai kejiwaan. Karena pengaruh stress tersebut maka penyakit fisik bisa muncul akibat lemahnya dan rendahnya daya tahan tubuh. Studi tentang kesehatan jiwa, telah menunjukkan terapi music sangat efektif dalam meredakan kegelisahan dan stress, mendorong perasaan rileks serta meredakan depresi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh terapi music terhadap tingkat stress mahasiswa sebelum dan sesudah diberikan terapi musik.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Quasi Experiment dengan menggunakan rancangan one group pretest-posttest design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 47 responden. Data dikumpulkan dengan mengisi kuesioner DASS. Pengolahan data dengan uji Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu sebelum dilakukan pemberian terapi music didapatkan 7 mahasiswa atau (16,67%) mengalami stress berat. Setelah diberikan intervensi terapi music diketahui 7 orang mahasiswa (16,67%) mengalami penurunan tingkat stress. Kesimpulannya ada pengaruh pemberian terapi music terhadap tingkat stress pada mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Insan Cendekia Husada Bojonegoro ( (0,000) dan nilai Z hitung – 6,557 sedangkan Z table 1,96 (Z hitung Z table) berarti Ho ditolak sehingga Ha diterima). Kata Kunci: Terapi Musik, Tingkat Stress. ABSTRACT Stress is a condition where the body is disrupted due to psychological pressure. Stress is associated not due to physical illness is more about the mental. Because of the influence of the stress then physical illness can arise due to the weakness and lack of endurance. The study of mental health, music therapy has shown very effective in relieving anxiety and stress, encourage relaxation and relieve feelings of depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy on the stress level of students before and after therapy is given musik.Penelitian a Quasi Experiment study using a design one group pretest-posttest design. The sample was 47 respondents. Data were collected by filling out questionnaires DASS. Data processing by Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test. Results of the research that prior to giving music therapy students or obtained 7 (16.67%) experienced severe stress. After being given music In therapy interventions known 7 students (16.67%) decreased level of stress. In conclusion there is the effect of music therapy on the level of stress in students of Nursing Science College of Health Sciences Insan Scholar (0,000) and the Z count - 6.557 while the Z table  Husada Bojonegoro 1.96 (Z count Z table) means Ho is rejected so Ha is received). Key words: Music Therapy, Stress Levels.

REPEATED LONG-TERM SPACE FLIGHTS: PROTEOMIC INVESTIGATIONS OF COSMONAUTS' BLOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
I.M. Larina ◽  
◽  
D.N. Kashirina ◽  
K.S. Kireev ◽  
A.I. Grigoriev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Space Station ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biochemical Indices

We performed the first ever comparative analysis of modifications in the proteome, ionogram and some other blood plasma biochemical indices of 18 male cosmonauts (44 ± 6 years of age) before and after maiden or repeated long-term missions to the Russian segment of the International space station (ISS RS). Levels of proteins, substrates and ions as well as chemical components were measured using the LC-MS-based proteomics and routine biochemical techniques. A total of 256 to 281 indices were investigated with the methods of descriptive statistic, regression analysis, and access to bioinformatics resources. It was shown that blood indices recovery from the maiden and repeated missions reflects changes in the body systems and goes at a various speed. The results of measurements made prior to launch and on day 7 after landing are dependent on the number of missions. The bioinformatics techniques showed that after maiden missions both the mediator proteins of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and blood proteins with reliably changing concentrations are associated with the bio-processes including stress, metabolism and DNA reparation, apoptosis, catabolism and proteolysis. During early re-adaptation from repeated missions the AP level was affected by bone remodeling, phosphorylation, angiogenesis and coagulation cascade suggesting a distinct and urgent trigger of the processes of bone structure and mineralization.

Effect of heightened interoceptive awareness among smokers on misinterpretation of emotional arousal

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Minseung Kim ◽  
Yeon-Ju Park ◽  
Kiho Kim ◽  
Jang-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Amplification Bias ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Subjective Arousal

We investigated the differences in the emotional experiences of people who smoke and have damaged interoceptive awareness. Interoception is the sensation of the physiological condition of the body, and it has 2 biases: neglect and amplification of bodily feedback. We recruited 72 participants and divided them into 4 groups according to smoking status and interoceptive bias based on their scores on the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness. All groups assessed their physiological and subjective arousal before and after watching video clips (positive–low arousal, positive–high arousal, negative–low arousal, negative–high arousal, neutral). The results indicated that people with amplification (vs. neglect) bias who smoked showed stronger subjective arousal to neutral stimuli. In contrast, people with amplification (vs. neglect) bias who did not smoke showed stronger subjective arousal to positive stimuli. These findings suggest that people who smoke and have an amplification bias could be more likely to misinterpret neutral emotional stimuli, leading to an increased craving for smoking.

Carbon Capture Performance of Amino-Modified MIL-101 at Room Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 637-640
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Zheng Ping Wang ◽  
Ling Meng ◽  
Lian Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption ◽  
Before And After

MIL-101, a metal-organic framework material, was synthesized by the high-temperature hydrothermal method. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) modification enabled the effective grafting of an amino group onto the surface of the materials and their pore structure. The crystal structure, micromorphology, specific surface area, and pore structure of the samples before and after modification were analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, specific surface and aperture tester, and infrared spectrometer. The carbon dioxide adsorption properties of the samples were determined by a thermal analyzer before and after TETA modification. Results show that moderate amino modification can effectively improve the microporous structure of MIL-101 and its carbon dioxide adsorption properties. After modification, the capacity of MIL-101 to adsorb carbon dioxide decreased only by 0.61 wt%, and a high adsorption capacity of 9.45 wt% was maintained after six cycles of adsorption testing at room temperature and ambient pressure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document