Multiexponential, multicompartmental, and noncompartmental modeling. I. Methodological limitations and physiological interpretations

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (5) ◽  
pp. R651-R664 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. DiStefano ◽  
E. M. Landaw
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Noncompartmental Analysis ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Noncompartmental Model

Multiexponential, multicompartmental, and noncompartmental analysis methods are conventional modeling tools in life science areas, and, on occasion, a number of facets of each are misunderstood, misused, or misinterpreted. We critically examine some of the assumptions, subtleties, and properties of each of these methodologies, with emphasis on their applicability and their interpretation in physiological terms. We discuss the similarities and differences in noncompartmental and compartmental approaches, their relationships with multiexponential models, and several important assumptions that must be satisfied in the practical application of these techniques. A key issue is the highly restricted structure of the noncompartmental model, limiting its applicability quite severely. Noncompartmental analysis is not model independent, as it is often called. Another issue is the importance and manner of choosing a suitable multicompartmental topology, consistent with system structure and modeling goals, when a physiological mapping of specific model parameters is desired.

Scientific Knowledge in Sociology: Problem Statement

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Gennady V. Kanygin ◽  
Maria S. Poltinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Hidden Knowledge ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The article opens a cycle of publications, which analyze the similarities and differences between the two wide spread modern approaches to the description of society - sociological and informational ones. Both approaches have the same methodological problem to be solved. The problem of expressing hidden knowledge about society that participants in social processes operate with the help of natural language in the course of social communication. In order to harmonize sociological and informational approaches of describing society, it was proposed any natural language statements involved in describing society to be arranged according to the basic principle of information technology - modularity. The proposed way of harmonizing informational and sociological methods of building knowledge about society is invoked by the need to solve two scientific problems formulated in sociology itself - the constructability of social objects and the complexity of social relationships. The paper's methodological proposals are embodied in their computer realization, which practical application is demonstrated in other publications of the authors.

scholarly journals Determination of exothermic batch reactor specific model parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 01063
Author(s):  
Lubomír Macků
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
First Order Reaction ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
First Order

An alternative method of determining exothermic reactor model parameters which include first order reaction rate constant is described in this paper. The method is based on known in reactor temperature development and is suitable for processes with changing quality of input substances. This method allows us to evaluate the reaction substances composition change and is also capable of the reaction rate constant (parameters of the Arrhenius equation) determination. Method can be used in exothermic batch or semi- batch reactors running processes based on the first order reaction. An example of such process is given here and the problem is shown on its mathematical model with the help of simulations.

scholarly journals Inflationary cosmology in unimodular F(T) gravity

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (21) ◽  
pp. 1750114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuharu Bamba ◽  
Sergei D. Odintsov ◽  
Emmanuel N. Saridakis
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Index ◽  
Teleparallel Gravity ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Inflationary Cosmology ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Reconstruction Procedure ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Slow Roll ◽  
Good Agreement

We investigate the inflationary realization in the context of unimodular F(T) gravity, which is based on the F(T) modification of teleparallel gravity, in which one imposes the unimodular condition through the use of Lagrange multipliers. We develop the general reconstruction procedure of the F(T) form that can give rise to a given scale-factor evolution, and then we apply it in the inflationary regime. We extract the Hubble slow-roll parameters that allow us to calculate various inflation-related observables, such as the scalar spectral index and its running, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, and the tensor spectral index. Then, we examine the particular cases of de Sitter and power-law inflation, of Starobinsky inflation, as well as inflation in a specific model of unimodular F(T) gravity. As we show, in all cases the predictions of our scenarios are in a very good agreement with Planck observational data. Finally, inflation in unimodular F(T) gravity has the additional advantage that it always allows for a graceful exit for specific regions of the model parameters.

Unknown Parameter Excitation and Estimation for Complex Systems With Dynamic Performances

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ping Chen ◽  
Kuei-Yuan Chan
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Real Model ◽  
Dynamic Case ◽  
Dynamic Performances ◽  
Validation Stage ◽  
Setting Parameters

Abstract Simulation models play crucial roles in efficient product development cycles, therefore many studies aim to improve the confidence of a model during the validation stage. In this research, we proposed a dynamic model validation to provide accurate parameter settings for minimal output errors between simulation models and real model experiments. The optimal operations for setting parameters are developed to maximize the effects by specific model parameters while minimizing interactions. To manage the excessive costs associated with simulations of complex systems, we propose a procedure with three main features: the optimal excitation based on global sensitivity analysis (GSA) is done via metamodel techniques, for estimating parameters with the polynomial chaos-based Kalman filter, and validating the updated model based on hypothesis testing. An illustrative mathematical model was used to demonstrate the detail processes in our proposed method. We also apply our method on a vehicle dynamic case with a composite maneuver for exciting unknown model parameters such as inertial and coefficients of the tire model; the unknown model parameters were successfully estimated within a 95% credible interval. The contributions of this research are also underscored through multiple cases.

Cluster Analysis of Dynamic Parameters of Gene Expression

2003 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwei Wu ◽  
T. Gregory Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Great Utility

Cluster analysis has proven to be a valuable statistical method for analyzing whole genome expression data. Although clustering methods have great utility, they do represent a lower level statistical analysis that is not directly tied to a specific model. To extend such methods and to allow for more sophisticated lines of inference, we use cluster analysis in conjunction with a specific model of gene expression dynamics. This model provides phenomenological dynamic parameters on both linear and non-linear responses of the system. This analysis determines the parameters of two different transition matrices (linear and nonlinear) that describe the influence of one gene expression level on another. Using yeast cell cycle microarray data as test set, we calculated the transition matrices and used these dynamic parameters as a metric for cluster analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis of this transition matrix reveals how a set of genes influence the expression of other genes activated during different cell cycle phases. Most strikingly, genes in different stages of cell cycle preferentially activate or inactivate genes in other stages of cell cycle, and this relationship can be readily visualized in a two-way clustering image. The observation is prior to any knowledge of the chronological characteristics of the cell cycle process. This method shows the utility of using model parameters as a metric in cluster analysis.

Analysis of Vehicle Dynamic Performance Based on MATLAB

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 1725-1728
Author(s):  
Fan Biao Bao
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic ◽  
Clear Physical Meaning ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
High Degree

This document focus on the car's dynamic performance characteristics.Because MATLAB has many advantages such as intuitive, clear physical meaning, a small amount of programming, data visualization and high degree of merit. This paper Computes and analysis with the introduction of an instance practice vehicle models.In light of the specific model parameters, this paper has analyzed car driver and driving resistance balance, power balance and power factor based on the application of Mat Lab's data analysis and graphics, and drawn the relevant graph, according to the mapping feature maps.The paper analysis of the car comprehensive power the car's dynamic graphing features calculation and research method are provided. The paper has provided new ideas of vehicle parameter selection and design.It has some practical value.

Architecture and dynamics of the magmatic system feeding the 2018 offshore Mayotte eruption from satellite gravity data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Le Mével ◽  
Craig A. Miller ◽  
Yan Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Data ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Constant Thickness ◽  
Gravity Inversion ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Submarine Eruption ◽  
Magmatic System ◽  
Magma Flow ◽  
Marine Gravity

<p>In May 2018, a submarine eruption started offshore Mayotte (Comoros archipelago, Indian Ocean), and was first detected as a series of earthquake swarms. Since then, at least 6.4 km<sup>3</sup> of lava has erupted from a newly mapped volcanic edifice (MAYOBS campaigns), about 50 km east of Mayotte island. Since the onset of the eruption, GNSS stations on the island have recorded subsidence (up to 17 cm) and eastward displacement (up to 23 cm). We combine marine gravity data derived from satellite altimetry with finite element models to examine the magmatic system structure and its dynamics. First, we calculate the Mantle Bouguer Anomaly (MBA) by taking into account the gravitational effect of the bathymetry and the Moho interfaces, assuming a crust of constant thickness of 17.5 km and correction densities of 2.8 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and 3.3 g/cm<sup>3</sup> for the crust and mantle, respectively. We then invert the MBA to determine the anomalous density structures within the lithosphere, using the mixed Lp-norm inversion and Gauss-Newton optimization implemented in the SimPEG framework. The gravity inversion reveals two zones of low density, east of Mayotte island. The first is located NE of Petite Terre island between ~15 and 35 km depth, and the second is located further east, south of La Jumelle seamounts and extends from ~25 to 35 km depth. We interpret these low density regions as regions of partial melt stored in the lithosphere and estimate the volume of stored magma. Finally, we use the newly imaged low density bodies to constrain the magma reservoir geometry and simulate magma flow from this reservoir to the eruptive vent in a 3D, time-dependent, numerical model. The model parameters are adjusted by minimizing the misfit between the modeled surface displacement and that measured at the 6 GPS sites, between May 2018 and 2020. The deformation modeling reveals the temporal evolution of the magma flux during the eruption, and the resulting stress distribution in the crust explains the patterns of recorded seismicity. Together with the existing seismic and geodetic studies, the gravity data analysis and FEM models bring new constraints on the architecture of the magma plumbing system and the magmatic processes behind the largest submarine eruption ever documented.</p>

Suspended Deportation Orders: A Proposed Law Reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-319
Author(s):  
Jonathan Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Binary Outcomes ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Foreign National ◽  
Statutory Law ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Hard Cases

Abstract The Immigration Act 2014, the UK statutory law governing deportation, requires deportation as the normal consequence of criminal offending by a foreign national. Deportation is a binary institution; a foreign national offender (FNO) is made subject to a deportation order and deported from the UK, or they are not. This is problematic because it creates two kinds of ‘hard cases’ on either side of the statutory categories for exemption from deportation on the basis of an FNO’s article 8 ECHR family life. This article proposes the introduction of a ‘suspended deportation order’ so as to create a third possible disposal for deportation appeals as a means by which to tackle the problems arising from the binary outcomes to deportation appeals. The article examines suspended prison sentences as a model for the rationale and practical application of a ‘suspended deportation order’, noting both similarities and differences to this fixture of sentencing law.

Energy Wave Transmission and Control Analysis in Force Reflection Teleoperation Based on Interconnected Power Line

2011 ◽  
Vol 58-60 ◽  
pp. 1306-1310
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Xie ◽  
Cui Ma ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Chang Jie Luo ◽  
Ru Xu Du
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Power Line ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
New Type ◽  
Transfer Method ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

Force-Reflected Telepresence Teleoperation system has been widely used. Generally, force and torque sensors are installed on the robot to realize haptic perception. Control commands and force-reflected information from the robot are transmitted by communication link, such as internet. However, this structure not only brings difficulties of installation and commissioning, but also reduces the system flexibility and makes control more difficult. And it is prone to interfered in microenvironment. This paper presents a new type of energy transfer method to achieve it by power line instead of internet between the Master-slave Manipulators. This method achieves the consistency of force-reflected without using sensors to measure the conditions. In practical application, it requires to design an energy managed controller to insure the stability and obtain precision in synchronization between the master part and slave part. This paper gives the theory, the system structure and control method of force telepresence teleoperation based on power line.

Time-domain-induced polarization: Full-decay forward modeling and 1D laterally constrained inversion of Cole-Cole parameters

Geophysics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. E213-E225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Fiandaca ◽  
Esben Auken ◽  
Anders Vest Christiansen ◽  
Aurélie Gazoty
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Inversion Algorithm ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Polarization Response

Time-domain-induced polarization has significantly broadened its field of reference during the last decade, from mineral exploration to environmental geophysics, e.g., for clay and peat identification and landfill characterization. Though, insufficient modeling tools have hitherto limited the use of time-domain-induced polarization for wider purposes. For these reasons, a new forward code and inversion algorithm have been developed using the full-time decay of the induced polarization response, together with an accurate description of the transmitter waveform and of the receiver transfer function, to reconstruct the distribution of the Cole-Cole parameters of the earth. The accurate modeling of the transmitter waveform had a strong influence on the forward response, and we showed that the difference between a solution using a step response and a solution using the accurate modeling often is above 100%. Furthermore, the presence of low-pass filters in time-domain-induced polarization instruments affects the early times of the acquired decays (typically up to 100 ms) and has to be modeled in the forward response to avoid significant loss of resolution. The developed forward code has been implemented in a 1D laterally constrained inversion algorithm that extracts the spectral content of the induced polarization phenomenon in terms of the Cole-Cole parameters. Synthetic examples and field examples from Denmark showed a significant improvement in the resolution of the parameters that control the induced polarization response when compared to traditional integral chargeability inversion. The quality of the inversion results has been assessed by a complete uncertainty analysis of the model parameters; furthermore, borehole information confirm the outcomes of the field interpretations. With this new accurate code in situ time-domain-induced polarization measurements give access to new applications in environmental and hydrogeophysical investigations, e.g., accurate landfill delineation or on the relation between Cole-Cole and hydraulic parameters.

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